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A nonchord tone, nonharmonic tone, or non-harmony note is a note in a piece of music which is not a part of the chord that is formed by the other notes sounding at the time. Nonchord tones are most often discussed in the context of music of the common practice period, but can be used in analysis of other types of tonal music as well. For other uses, see Music (disambiguation). ...
Typical fingering for a second inversion C major chord on a guitar. ...
In music the common practice period is a long period in western musical history spanning from before the classical era proper to today, dated, on the outside, as 1600-1900. ...
Tonality is a system of writing music according to certain hierarchical pitch relationships around a key center or tonic. ...
For example, if a piece of music is currently on a C Major chord, the notes CEG are members of that chord, while any other note played at that time is a nonchord tone. While such tones are most obvious in homophonic music, they can occur in contrapuntal music as well. Homophony is a musical term that describes the texture of two or more instruments or parts moving together and using the same rhythm. ...
For other uses, see Counterpoint (disambiguation). ...
A nonchord tone is a dissonance and is required to resolve to a chord tone in conventional ways. If the note fails to resolve until the next change of harmony, it may instead create a seventh chord or extended chord. While it is theoretically possible that for a three-note chord there are (in equal temperament) nine possible nonchord tones, nonchord tones are usually in the prevailing key. In music, a consonance (Latin consonare, sounding together) is a harmony, chord, or interval considered stable, as opposed to a dissonance, which is considered unstable. ...
Resolution in western tonal music theory is the need for a sounded note and/or chord to move from a dissonance or unstable sound to a more final or stable sounding one, a consonance. ...
A seventh chord is a chord consisting of a triad plus a note forming an interval of a seventh above the chords root. ...
Extended chords are tertian chords (built from thirds) or triads with notes extended, or added, beyond the seventh, including all the thirds in between the seventh and the extended note. ...
An equal temperament is a musical temperament — that is, a system of tuning intended to approximate some form of just intonation — in which an interval, usually the octave, is divided into a series of equal steps (equal frequency ratios). ...
In music theory, the key identifies the tonic triad, the chord, major or minor, which represents the final point of rest for a piece, or the focal point of a section. ...
The following list is not exhaustive, but identifies the most common types of nonchord tones.
Anticipation
- An anticipation occurs when a note is played before the chord to which the note belongs and resolves when the "anticipated" chord is reached:
 Image File history File links Download high resolution version (888x173, 1 KB)Anticipation example 1. ...
Neighbour tone - A neighbour tone or auxiliary note is a nonchord tone which is preceded by a chord tone directly above or below it and resolves to the same tone:
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (888x175, 0 KB)Upper neighbor note example 1. ...
In practice and analysis, neighbouring tones are often differentiated depending upon whether or not they are lower or higher than the chord tones surrounding them. A neighbouring tone that is a step higher than the surrounding chord tones is called an upper neighbouring tone or an upper auxiliary note whereas a neighbouring tone that is a step lower than the surrounding chord tones is a lower neighbouring tone or lower auxiliary note.
Passing tone - A passing tone or passing note is the nonchord tone of a part which had started at one chord tone and moved up or down through one or more nonchord tones and resolved to another chord tone (possibly of another chord, often of the same chord). It can also be a non-chord note between two common tones (tones that are the same side by side):
 Image File history File links Download high resolution version (909x176, 1 KB)Passing tone example 1. ...
Suspension - A suspension occurs when the harmony shifts from one chord to another, but one or more notes of the first chord are temporarily held over into the second in which they are nonchord tones before resolving to a chord tone:
 Image File history File links Suspension. ...
Suspensions may be further described using the number of the interval forming the suspension and its resolution; e.g. 4-3 suspension, 7-6 suspension. Most suspensions resolve downwards; the example shown above, a 7-8 suspension, is a rare example of an upwards resolution (also called a retardation). A suspension must be prepared with the same note (in the same voice) using a chord tone in the preceding chord; otherwise it is an appoggiatura. The notes are often tied, but this is optional. In music theory, the term interval describes the difference in pitch between two notes. ...
A suspended chord is an added tone chord with a "suspended" fourth or second as an added tone which doesn't resolve. A suspended chord is an added tone chord in which the third is replaced or accompanied by either a fourth or a major second, although the fourth is far more common. ...
An added tone chord is a triadic chord with an extra added note, such as the added sixth. ...
- For an audiovisual illustration of the concept of harmonic suspension, visit external link suspension and pedal point.
Composing a chain of suspensions is the fourth species of counterpoint. For other uses, see Counterpoint (disambiguation). ...
Escape tone - An escape tone or echappée is a movement by step in the opposite direction of the harmonic motion in that voice and is resolved by leap in the direction of harmonic motion:
 Look up step in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Image File history File links Escape_tone. ...
Appoggiatura are sometimes used to provide this function. In music, ornaments are musical flourishes that are not necessary to the overall melodic (or harmonic) line, but serve to decorate or ornament that line. ...
Pedal point Another form of nonchord tone is a pedal point or pedal tone or note, almost always the tonic or dominant, which is held through a series of chord changes. The pedal point is almost always in the lowest voice (the term originates from organ playing), but it may be in an upper voice; then it may be called an inverted pedal. It may also be between the upper and lower voices, in which case it is called an internal pedal. In tonal music, a pedal point (also pedal tone, organ point, or just pedal) is a sustained tone, typically in the bass, during which at least one foreign, i. ...
The tonic is the first note of a musical scale, and in the tonal method of music composition it is extremely important. ...
In music, the dominant is the fifth degree of the scale. ...
Organ in Katharinenkirche, Frankfurt am Main, Germany The organ is a keyboard instrument played using one or more manuals and a pedalboard. ...
 Image File history File links Pedalpoint. ...
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