Nordic theory (or Nordicism) was a theory of This article is about race as an intraspecies classification. For the many types of competitive sport, see Racing. For racing conditions associated with computer programming, see Race hazard. A race is a distinct population of humans distinguished in some way from other humans. The most widely observed races are those... race prevalent in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. It drew on the dominant anthropological model of the day which divided This article is about the continent. For alternative meanings, see: Europe (disambiguation) A comprehensive collection of continental features is found in Europe, albeit on a smaller scale than elsewhere. Mountain ranges, peninsulas, islands and more arid or cold regions can be seen in this satellite composite image of Europe Europe... European peoples into three sub-categories of the Caucasian is originally a geographical term, meaning relative or pertaining to the Caucasus region of eastern Europe. It has in time acquired other specific meanings: in linguistics, the Caucasian languages are a large number of languages spoken in the Caucasus area; often specifically those that have no demonstrated relatives outside... Caucasian race: the Nordic, Alpine and Mediterranean races. The Nordic race was thought to be prevelant in northern Europe and Scandanavia, especially among speakers of the Proto-Indo-European Indo-European studies The Germanic languages form one of the branches of the Indo-European (IE) language family, spoken by the Germanic peoples who settled in northern Europe along the borders of the Roman Empire. They are characterised by a number of unique linguistic features, most famously... Germanic languages, and was characterised by tall bodies, long skulls, One of the worlds most famous blondes Marilyn Monroe, who was in fact a natural brunette Blond (feminine, blonde) is a hair colour found in certain mammals characterised by low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin and higher levels of the pale pigment phæomelanin, in common with red... blond hair and blue eyes. The Alpine race was thought to predominate in central Europe, and was characterised by tallish bodies and comparatively round skulls. The Mediterranean race was thought to be prevelant in southern Europe and, sometimes, parts of North Africa, and was characterised by dark hair and swarthy complexion (according to some theorists of this period this was due to racial mixing with African peoples).

Among many White supremacy is the variety of white nationalism that believes the white race should rule over other races. It can be distinguished from white separatism, which calls for the creation of culturally and geographically separate areas for different races. For example, the political system of the Antebellum U.S. South... white supremacists in Europe and the USA, the Nordic race came to be thought of as the most advanced of human population groups, hence its equation in The Nazi party used a right-facing swastika as their symbol and the red and black colors were said to represent Blut und Boden (blood and soil). Black, white, and red were in fact the colors of the old North German Confederation flag (invented by Otto von Bismarck, based on... Nazi ideology with the so-called The master race (German: Herrenrasse, Herrenvolk) is a concept in Nazi ideology, which holds that the Germanic and Nordic people represent an ideal and pure race. It derives from nineteenth century racial theory, which posited a hierarchy of races placing African Bushmen and Australian Aborigines at the bottom of the... Aryan master race. In the USA, the primary spokesman for "Nordicism" was the The word eugenics (from the Greek εὐγενής, for well-born) was coined in 1883 by Sir Francis Galton, a cousin of Charles Darwin, to refer to the study and use of selective breeding (of animals or humans) to improve a species over generations, specifically... eugenicist Madison Grant Madison Grant (1865-1937) was an American lawyer, eugenicist, and conservationist. Notably the author of the popular The Passing of the Great Race in 1916, an elaborate work of racial hygiene detailing the racial history of the world, an early racialist work expositing Nordic theory, and was the... Madison Grant, who used it as a justification for anti-immigration policies of the 1920s, arguing that the immigrants from Southern and Eastern European represented an "inferior" type of of European and should hence be restricted. His 1916 book, The Passing of the Great Race, or a Racial Basis of European History about Nordicism was highly influential among racial thinking, government policymaking, and even on popular culture ( F.Scott Fitzgerald, photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1937 Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24, 1896-December 21, 1940), was a Jazz Age novelist. Born in Saint Paul, Minnesota, Fitzgerald is regarded as one of the greatest American writers of the 20th Century. The self-styled spokesman of the Lost... F. Scott Fitzgerald invokes Grant's ideas through a character in part of The cover of the Scribner Paperback Fiction Edition, 1995. The Great Gatsby, by the American novelist F. Scott Fitzgerald, was first published in 1925. The story takes place in New York City and Long Island in the 1920s. It has often been described as the epitome of the Jazz Age... The Great Gatsby). Grant argued that the Nordic race had been responsible for most of humanity's great achievements, that "admixture" was "race suicide", and that unless various eugenic policies were enacted, the Nordic race would be supplanted by the "inferior" races. Nordicism was a particular type of white supremacism, one which did not recognize all degrees of "white" as being equal. The word Italian can have these meanings: From or related to Italy The Italian people, or emigrants such as Italian Americans The Italian language It is also used as an abbreviation for Italian dressing (a vinaigrette with herbs), and Italian sandwich (more commonly called a submarine sandwich). Wiktionary information For... Italians, Slav, Slavic or Slavonic can refer to: Slavic peoples Slavic languages Slavic mythology Church Slavonic language Old Church Slavonic language Slavonian can also refer to Slavonia, a region in eastern Croatia. This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same... Slavs, the Irish can refer to multiple things: Things relating to Ireland or its culture, see also List of Ireland-related topics. The Irish ethnicity. The Irish language, the Goidelic Celtic language of Ireland. Hiberno-English, the English language as spoken by the Irish. Irish whiskey. The Irish class battleships in Gundam... Irish, and The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination... Jews were among those considered significantly inferior to the Nordics.

The fact that Mediterranean peoples were responsible for the most important of ancient civilisations was a problem for those who promoted the merits of the Nordic race. Giuseppè Sergi's influential book The Mediterranean Race (1901) argued that this race's mixed character gave it its creative edge. Grant's speculative approach to this problem was to claim that many of the achievements of Mediterranean culture were really the result of Nordic genes which had entered into the Mediterranean Greg Flesch is a guitarist and musician, best known for his work with the rock bands Daniel Amos and The Swirling Eddies (credited as Gene Pool). Flesch also works in the Atmospheric Laser Spectroscopy Group at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, writing software for the groups tunable... gene pool after ancient invasions by northern peoples.

In the USA, though, this concept of "race" lost favor in the polarizing political climate after the Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. Battle aftermath. Remains of the Chateau Wood World War I, also known as the First World War, the Great War, the War of the Nations, and the War to End All Wars, was a world conflict occurring from 1914 to... first World War, including the Great Migration is a term often used to describe the early medieval migrations of peoples in Europe. The Great Migration may refer to the Winthrop Fleet of 1630; wherein seven hundred passengers migrated from England to Massachusetts Bay Colony in eleven ships. The Great Migration was an important 20th century... Great Migration and the The word depression can mean: A decrease of functional activity in behavior patterns. The everyday term for a sad mood, see depression (mood) The medical condition clinical depression A sunken or depressed geological formation, see depression (geology) An economic depression, is a more severe downturn than a recession The Great... Depression. The influx of African Americans, also known as Afro-Americans or black Americans, are an ethnic group in the United States of America whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Sub-Saharan and West Africa. The majority of African Americans are of African, European and Native American ancestry. Terms for African... African-Americans into the Northern states in this time resulted in a "flattening" of racial categories into what racial theorist and eugenicist Lothrop Theodore Stoddard (1883-May 1, 1950) was an American eugenicist and racist who published many books on what he saw as the peril of immigration, his most (in)famous being The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy in 1922. External links Text of The Rising Tide of... Lothrop Stoddard named as "bi-racialism"—the hard black/white distinction which abandoned Grant's gradations of "white"—which was embraced both by white supremacists and black nationalists alike. Among the latter were Marcus Garvey (far right) in parade Marcus Mosiah Garvey (August 17, 1887 - June 10, 1940) was a publisher, journalist, entrepreneur, crusader for black nationalism and founder of the UNIA-ACL. Garvey, is best remembered as a champion of the so-called back-to-Africa movement, which was interpreted as encouraging... Marcus Garvey, and, in part, William Edward Burghardt DuBois (February 23, 1868 - August 27, 1963) was an African-American civil rights leader and scholar. Early Life and Education DuBois was born in the village of Great Barrington, Massachusetts to Alfred and Mary DuBois. As a youth, his intellectual development was spurred through an interest in... W.E.B. Du Bois, at least in his later thought.

But at the same time as the theory was losing favor the USA, it was vastly influential in The Federal Republic of Germany ( German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland) is one of the worlds leading industrialised countries, located in the heart of Europe. Due to its central location, Germany has more neighbours than any other European country: these are Denmark in the north, Poland and the Czech Republic in the... Germany, with the ascent of For other people with the surname Hitler, see Hitler (disambiguation). Adolf Hitler ( 20 April 1889 in Braunau am Inn, Austria-Hungary – 30 April 1945 in Berlin, Germany) was leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party (more widely known as the Nazi Party) and Führer und Reichskanzler... Adolf Hitler, who sometimes tended to merge the terms "Nordic" and " For the ancient Christian sect, See Arianism. Aryan is an English word derived from the Vedic Sanskrit and Avestan term arya, meaning noble or lord. In the 19th century, the term was often used to refer to what we now call the Proto-Indo-Europeans. Aryan currently refers to the... Aryan". Grant's book was the first non-German book to be translated and published by the Nazi Reich press, and Grant proudly displayed to his friends a letter from Hitler claiming that the book was "his Bible." The Nazi state used such ideas about the differences between European races as part of their program of Racial hygiene (often labeled a form of scientific racism) is the selection, by a government, of the most physical, intellectual and moral persons to raise the next generation (selective breeding) and a close alignment of public health with eugenics. In the past, this has been done by using deportation, segregation... Racial Hygiene and various discriminatory and coercive policies which culminated in the This article deals with the Nazi Holocaust. For other meanings of the word Holocaust see Holocaust (disambiguation) Concentration camp inmates during the Holocaust The Holocaust refers to Nazi Germanys systematic genocide of various ethnic, religious, national, and secular groups during World War II starting in 1941 and continuing through... Holocaust. Ironically, in Grant's first edition of his popular book, he classified the Germans as being primarily Nordic, but in his second edition, published after the USA had entered WWI, he had re-classified the now enemy power as being dominated by "inferior" Alpines. Hitler himself was later to downplay the importance of Nordicism for this very reason. The standard tripartite model placed most of the population of Hitler's Germany in the Alpine category, especially after the The general German term Anschluss is part of the specific political incident Anschluss Österreichs referring to the inclusion of Austria in a Greater Germany in 1938. This is opposed to earlier historic Ausschluss meaning the exclusion of Austria from Germany at the creation of Imperial Germany in 1871. Anschluss was... Anschluss. By 1939 Hitler abandoned Nordicist rhetoric in favour of the idea that the German people as a whole were united by distinct 'spiritual' qualities.

After the Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km (60,000 ft) into the air. August 9, 1945 World War II was a global conflict that started in 7 July 1937 in Asia and 1 September 1939 in Europe and lasted until 1945, involving the majority of the... second World War, the categorization of peoples into "superior" and "inferior" groups fell even further out of political and scientific favor. The tripartite subdivision of "Caucasians" into Nordic, Alpine and Mediterranean groups persisted into the 1960s, notably in Carleton Stevens Coon, (23 June 1904 — 6 June 1981) was an eminent American anthropologist. Born in Wakefield, Massachusetts, Coon attended post secondary education at Harvard University, earning his A.B., A.M., and Ph. D. (1928). He taught at Harvard until resigning in 1948 to become Professor of Anthropology... Carleton Coon's book The Origins of Race (1962), but eventually became obsolete.

References

• Madison Grant Madison Grant (1865-1937) was an American lawyer, eugenicist, and conservationist. Notably the author of the popular The Passing of the Great Race in 1916, an elaborate work of racial hygiene detailing the racial history of the world, an early racialist work expositing Nordic theory, and was the... Madison Grant, The Passing of the Great Race (http://www.africa2000.com/XNDX/madgrant_intro.html) (1916)
• Matthew Pratt Guterl, The Color of Race in America, 1900-1940 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004).