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Encyclopedia > Nordland

Contents

Nordland fylke
County NO-18
Region Nord-Norge
Administrative centre Bodø
County mayor  
Area
 - Total
 - Percentage
Ranked 2
38,456 km²
11.86 %
Population
 - Total (2004)
 - Percentage
 - Change (10 years)
 - Density
Ranked 9
237,057
5.18 %
-1.6 %
7/km²
Gross Regional Product
 - Total (2001)
 - Percentage
 - GRP/capita
Ranked 9
48,065 million NOK
3.15 %
202,039 NOK

Nordland  is a county in Norway, bordering Troms in the north, Nord-Trøndelag in the south, Norrbottens län in Sweden to the east, Västerbottens län to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean (Norwegian Sea) to the west. The county administration is in Bodø. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen has been administered from Nordland since 1995. Nordland is the southernmost county in North Norway. The county was formerly known as Nordlandene amt. Vega is on the Unesco World Heritage list. Nordland can mean: Nordland - a county in Norway SS Division Nordland - a Waffen-SS unit Nordland - nazi publication in Sweden This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Norway is divided into 19 administrative regions, called counties (fylker, singular - fylke, Nynorsk: singular and plural fylke; until 1918 known as singular and plural- amt), and 433 municipalities (kommuner - Nynorsk: kommunar). ... The ISO 3166-2 codes for Norway describe 19 counties (fylke). ... A geopolitical map of Norway, exhibiting its 19 first-order subnational divisions (fylker or counties) with Svalbard and Jan Mayen. ... Nord-Norge (Norwegian for Northern Norway) is the name of the geographical region of northern Norway, consisting of the three counties Nordland, Troms and Finnmark. ... County District Salten Municipality NO-1804 Administrative centre Bodø Mayor (2005) Odd-Tore Fygle (Ap) Official language form BokmÃ¥l Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 62 1,392 km² 1,308 km² 0. ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Square kilometre (U.S. spelling: square kilometer), symbol km², is a decimal multiple of SI unit of surface area square metre, one of the SI derived units. ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... ISO 4217 Code NOK User(s) Norway Inflation 2. ... Image File history File links Nordland. ... Norway is divided into 19 administrative regions, called counties (fylker, singular - fylke, Nynorsk: singular and plural fylke; until 1918 known as singular and plural- amt), and 433 municipalities (kommuner - Nynorsk: kommunar). ... County NO-19 Region Nord-Norge Administrative centre Tromsø County mayor   Area  - Total  - Percentage Ranked 4 25,877 km² 8. ... County NO-17 Region Trøndelag Administrative centre Steinkjer County mayor Inger Lise Gjørv Area  - Total  - Percentage Ranked 6 22,412 km² 6. ... Norrbotten County (Norrbottens län) is a Swedish county or län in the extreme north of Sweden. ... Västerbotten County, or Västerbottens län is a county or län in the north of Sweden. ... The Norwegian Sea (Norwegian: Norskehavet) is part of the North Atlantic Ocean northwest of Norway, located between the North Sea (i. ... County District Salten Municipality NO-1804 Administrative centre Bodø Mayor (2005) Odd-Tore Fygle (Ap) Official language form BokmÃ¥l Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 62 1,392 km² 1,308 km² 0. ... Nord-Norge (Norwegian for Northern Norway) is the name of the geographical region of northern Norway, consisting of the three counties Nordland, Troms and Finnmark. ... County District Helgeland Municipality NO-1815 Administrative centre Gladstad Mayor (2003) Einar Silseth (Sp) Official language form BokmÃ¥l Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 355 163 km² 161 km² 0. ... Elabana Falls is in Lamington National Park, part of the Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves World Heritage site in Queensland, Australia. ...


Districts

The county is conventionally divided into traditional districts. These are Helgeland in the south (south of the Arctic Circle), Salten in the center, and Ofoten in the northeast. In the northwest lie the archipelagoes of Lofoten and Vesterålen. Helgeland is a landscape in Northern Norway. ... For the fast food restaurant chain, see Arctic Circle Restaurants. ... Salten is a landscape in Northern Norway, consisting of the municipalities Meløy, Gildeskål, Bodø, Beiarn, Saltdal, Fauske, Sørfold, Steigen and Hamarøy. ... Ofoten is a landscape in Northern Norway, consisting of the municipalities Ballangen, Evenes, Tjeldsund and Narvik. ... Reine, Lofoten, seen from top of Reinebringen (June, 2003). ... Location of VesterÃ¥len VesterÃ¥len is a district in the county Nordland in Norway, just north of Lofoten. ...

Reine in Lofoten. June 2005.
Reine in Lofoten. June 2005.

Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (4048x3040, 2142 KB) Reine in der Gemeinde Moskenes auf den Lofoten in Norwegen. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (4048x3040, 2142 KB) Reine in der Gemeinde Moskenes auf den Lofoten in Norwegen. ... Reine in 2005 Reine seen from Reinebringen Reine is the administrative centre of Moskenes municipality, Norway. ...

Geography

Nordland extends about 500 km from Nord-Trøndelag to Troms. The distance by road from Bindal in the far south of the county to Andenes on the northern tip is roughly 800 km. Nordland has a rugged coastline, with many fjords. From south to north, the main fjords are Bindalsfjord, Vefsnfjord, Ranfjord, Saltfjord-Skjerstadfjord, Folda, Tysfjord, Ofotfjord (the longest) and Andfjord, which is shared with Troms county. The best-known is perhaps Vestfjord, which is not really a fjord, but an open stretch of sea between the Lofoten island group and the mainland. The Raftsundet strait, with its famous branch Trollfjord, is the shortest waterway connecting Lofoten and Vesterålen. There are only a few miles from Andenes to the continental shelf, nowhere else in Norway is the deep ocean so close to shore. Saltstraumen whirlpool is just southeast of Bodø, and Moskstraumen is located in southern Lofoten. County NO-17 Region Trøndelag Administrative centre Steinkjer County mayor Inger Lise Gjørv Area  - Total  - Percentage Ranked 6 22,412 km² 6. ... County NO-19 Region Nord-Norge Administrative centre Tromsø County mayor   Area  - Total  - Percentage Ranked 4 25,877 km² 8. ... County Nordland District Helgeland Municipality NO-1811 Administrative centre TerrÃ¥k Mayor (2003) Magne Paulsen (Ap) Official language form BokmÃ¥l Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 76 1,265 km² 1,193 km² 0. ... Andenes is a small town in the the municipality Andøy in the county of Nordland, Norway, and had 5,549 inhabitants as of January 1, 2002. ... Fjord in Sunnmøre, Norway Geirangerfjord, Norway A fjord (or fiord) is a long, narrow estuary with steep sides, made when a glacial valley is filled by rising sea water levels. ... The Vefsnfjord is a fjord in Helgeland traditional district, Nordland county, Norway. ... The Ranfjord is a fjord in Rana municipality, Nordland county, Norway. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... The municipality Tysfjord in the county of Nordland, Norway, has 2,283 inhabitants as of January 1, 2002. ... Ofotfjorden. ... Vestfjord is a Norwegian fjord, which would be described as a firth or an open bight of sea between the Lofoten archipelago and mainland Norway, northwest of Bodø. The term fjord (from the old Norse fjördr meaning firth or inlet) is used more generally for bodies of water in... Reine, Lofoten, seen from top of Reinebringen (June, 2003). ... Simplified diagram A strait is a narrow channel of water that connects two larger bodies of water, and thus lies between two land masses. ...  Sediment  Rock  Mantle  The global continental shelf, highlighted in cyan The continental shelf is the extended perimeter of each continent, which is covered during interglacial periods such as the current epoch by relatively shallow seas (known as shelf seas) and gulfs. ... Saltstraumen, Norway. ... County District Salten Municipality NO-1804 Administrative centre Bodø Mayor (2005) Odd-Tore Fygle (Ap) Official language form BokmÃ¥l Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 62 1,392 km² 1,308 km² 0. ... This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ...

Strandflaten is sometimes very small; Sørfugløy, Gildeskål. Photo:Lars Røed Hansen
Strandflaten is sometimes very small; Sørfugløy, Gildeskål. Photo:Lars Røed Hansen

Steep mountains near the sea and an almost flat lowland area in between the mountains and the sea (Strandflaten, coastal brim) is very typical for the long coastline in Nordland, and Strandflaten often continues out from the shore, the result is numerous islands (skerries), of which Helgeland have thousands; these islands are usually mountainous, but with smaller or larger lowland strandflate areas. The southern part of Norways largest island (apart from Svalbard), Hinnøya is in Nordland, as is the third largest island, Langøya; there are thousands of large and small islands in the county. In the fjords, the coastal brim is much less developed: There might be a more gradual slope, with hills, towards the mountains, or no lowland at all. There are often valleys at the head of fjords (the fjord is an extension of the valley), usually with a river at the centre of the valley. Mo i Rana, Mosjøen ([1]) and Rognan are situated in such valleys. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2816 × 2112 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2816 × 2112 pixel, file size: 1. ... County Nordland Landscape Salten Municipality NO-1838 Administrative centre Inndyr Mayor (2003) Walter Pedersen (H) Official language form Neutral Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 167 662 km² 619 km² 0. ... Hinnøya is with 2. ... Langøya is the third largest island of Norway (except from Svalbard), with an area of 850. ... Fljótsdalur in East Iceland, a rather flat valley In geology, a valley is a depression with predominant extent in one direction. ... Mo i Rana is a town in Rana kommune in Nordland, Norway. ... Mosjøen from Dolstad hill, May 29 2005   is a town and former municipality in Nordland county, Norway. ... Rognan is the centre of the municipality of Saltdal in Norway. ...

Laksforsen south of Mosjøen.
Laksforsen south of Mosjøen.

Norway's second largest glacier, Svartisen ([2]), the second largest lake, Røssvatnet, and the second deepest fjord, Tysfjord (897 m) are all located in Nordland. The largest river (waterflow) is Vefsna which forms the Laksforsen waterfall ([3]). Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1200 × 900 pixel, file size: 200 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1200 × 900 pixel, file size: 200 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Mosjøen from Dolstad hill, May 29 2005   is a town and former municipality in Nordland county, Norway. ... This article is about the geological formation. ... Svartisen is a collective term for two glaciers located in northern Norway. ... Røssvatnet (Reevhtse in Sami) is a lake and reservoir in Norway in the county of Nordland with an area of 218 km². This makes it the second largest lake in Norway. ... The Vefsna is the largest river in Nordland county, Norway. ...


The Saltfjellet mountain range forms a natural border between Helgeland and Salten, and is where the Arctic circle cuts through the county. The western part of this mountain range is dominated by steep mountains and fjord inlets, with glaciers stretching towards the sea, while the eastern part of the mountains is more gentle and rounded, with some forested valleys, and is well suited for hiking. The interior of Nordland, towards the border with Sweden, is dominated by the Kjølen mountains (Scandinavian Mountains). The highest mountain in Nordland is Oksskolten (1915 m). Stetind in Tysfjord has been elected to be Norway's national mountain. There are many glaciers in the mountains, like Blåmannsisen, Okstindbreen ([4]), Sulitjelmaisen and Frostisen. Saltfjellet-Svartisen National Park is a national park in the county of Nordland in Norway. ... For the fast food restaurant chain, see Arctic Circle Restaurants. ... The Scandinavian Mountains, in Swedish Skanderna, Fjällen (the Fells) or Kölen, and in Norwegian Kjølen, with the two latter meaning the Keel, are a mountain range that runs through the Scandinavian Peninsula. ... Oksskolten is a mountain in Hemnes, Nordland, Norway. ... See also Stetind, Jotunheimen Stetind, also called Stetinden or Stádda (saami), is a mountain in Tysfjord, Nordland, Norway. ... The municipality Tysfjord in the county of Nordland, Norway, has 2,283 inhabitants as of January 1, 2002. ... BlÃ¥mannsisen (In Sami Ã…lmÃ¥jalosjiegÅ‹a) is the fifth largest glacier in mainland Norway. ... Okstindbreen is the eigth largest glacier in mainland Norway. ... Sulitjelmaisen (In Sami SállajiegÅ‹a) is one of the largest glaciers in mainland Norway. ... The glacier Frostisen is one of the larger plateau glaciers in Norway. ...

Torghatten, in Brønnøy, with its characteristic hole. February 2005.
Torghatten, in Brønnøy, with its characteristic hole. February 2005.

Limestone is very common in Nordland, and there are thus many caves ([5]) throughout the county, the most famous being Grønligrotta in Rana, the only in Norway with electrical lights installed. There are more caves in Rana than any other area in northern Europe. However, in August 2006 the Tjoarvekrajgge cave in Sørfold was explored and verifed as the longest cave in Scandinavia, more than 20 km long. Marble is found in several locations. Fauske is sometimes referred to as the marble capital, and has exported marble world wide (one customer being the UN building in New York City). Part of the mountains in the Lofoten is amongst the world's oldest, at least 3 billion years old. The youngest rock in Norway is on Andøya, also known for its fossils of dinosaurs and other life forms. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (4048x3040, 412 KB) Der Berg Torghatten in Norwegen Das Bild wurde von mir selber erstellt. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (4048x3040, 412 KB) Der Berg Torghatten in Norwegen Das Bild wurde von mir selber erstellt. ... Torghatten is a mountain in the Brønnøy municipality in Norway. ... County Nordland Landscape Sør-Helgeland Municipality NO-8901 Administrative centre Brønnøysund Mayor (2005) Kjell H. Trælnes (Sp) Official language form Neutral Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 99 1,042 km² 996 km² 0. ... For other uses, see Limestone (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Cave (disambiguation). ... The municipality Rana in the county of Nordland, Norway, and has 25,350 inhabitants as of January 1, 2002. ... County Nordland Landscape Salten Municipality NO-1845 Administrative centre Straumen Mayor (2005) Lars Kr. ... For other uses, see Scandinavia (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Marble (disambiguation). ... County District Salten Municipality NO-1841 Administrative centre Fauske Mayor (2005) Kjell Eilertsen (Ap) Official language form BokmÃ¥l Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 82 1,210 km² 1,109 km² 0. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... County Nordland Landscape VesterÃ¥len Municipality NO-1871 Administrative centre Andenes Mayor (2005) Jonni Helge Solsvik (H) Official language form Neutral Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 169 656 km² 616 km² 0. ... For other uses, see Fossil (disambiguation). ... Orders & Suborders Saurischia Sauropodomorpha Theropoda Ornithischia Thyreophora Ornithopoda Marginocephalia Dinosaurs were vertebrate animals that dominated the terrestrial ecosystem for over 160 million years, first appearing approximately 230 million years ago. ...


Climate

Nordland has a very mild climate for the high latitude. Some islands, like Myken, Træna and Røst, have average temperatures of ca 1°C (33°F) in their coldest month, 25°C (45°F) above average for the latitude. Nordland covers almost 5° latitude, but temperatures are moderated by proximity to the temperate sea; the annual mean only varies from 5.6°C (42°F) on the southern coast to 4°C (39°F) on the northern coast. Spring is slightly warmer in the south. Winters are colder in the interior, fjords will moderate temperatures in nearby areas. Mountain areas are colder all year. Due to the (near) midnight sun, summer nights can be mild, one of the warmest in Norway was in Alstahaug with minimum temperature of 25°C (77°F) - but with northerly winds, they can get below 8°C. Easterly winds give dry, sunny weather (the air must climb the Kjølen mountains), with warmth in summer and cold, clear air in winter. Southwesterly winds are common, bringing moist and mild air from the Atlantic ocean. Autumn is the wettest season along the coast of Nordland, and April - June is the driest. This article is about the geographical term. ... County Nordland Landscape Helgeland Municipality NO-1835 Administrative centre Træna Mayor (2003) Aina Willumsen (Ap) Official language form BokmÃ¥l Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 429 16 km² 16 km² 0. ... County Nordland Landscape Lofoten Municipality NO-1856 Administrative centre Røst Mayor (2003) Paul RÃ¥nes (Kystpartiet) Official language form BokmÃ¥l Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 430 11 km² 10 km² 0. ... For other uses, see Spring. ... County Nordland District Helgeland Municipality NO-1820 Administrative centre Sandnessjøen Mayor (2003) Magne Greger (Ap) Official language form Neutral Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 336 187 km² 186 km² 0. ... This article is about the temperate season. ...

April in Hamarøy, view from E6. Sheltered by Lofoten, Hamarøy has the county heat record with 33.1°C recorded July 3 1972.
April in Hamarøy, view from E6. Sheltered by Lofoten, Hamarøy has the county heat record with 33.1°C recorded July 3 1972.

Brønnøysund on the Helgeland coast has January and February averages of -1°C and -0.5°C (31°F), July and August 24-hr averages are both 13°C (56°F), mean annual is 5.6°C (42°F, as in Oslo), precipitation is 1510 mm ([6]). Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... County Nordland District Salten Municipality NO-1849 Administrative centre Oppeid Mayor (2003) Jan-Folke Sandnes (H) Official language form Neutral Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 103 1,031 km² 921 km² 0. ... Coat of Arms of Brønnøysund Brønnøysund is a coastal town with approx. ...


Saltdal (81 m, Salt Valley) northeast of Svartisen, is the driest with 291 mm/year, Jan/July/year averages are -6°C (21°F), 14°C (57°F) and 3°C (37°F). Summer days in Saltdal are often warm. The nearby Saltfjell, at an elevation of 680 m (2100 ft, the E6's highest elevation), has averages -11°C (12°F), 10°C (50°F) and -1.6°C (30°F), with 670 mm precip/year ([7]). Temperatures will generally drop 0.7°C (1°F) as elevation increases by 100 m. Lurøy (115 m), west of Saltfjell, averages 2,935 mm precipitation annually; the wettest location in North Norway and in the world at such high latitude ([8]). County Nordland District Salten Municipality NO-1840 Administrative centre Rognan Mayor (2005) Kjell Magne Johansen Official language form BokmÃ¥l Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 23 2,215 km² 2,085 km² 0. ... Svartisen is a collective term for two glaciers located in northern Norway. ... Cabins on Saltfjellet at BjellÃ¥vasstua, 720 m above sea level. ... County Nordland District Helgeland Municipality NO-1834 Administrative centre Lurøy Mayor (2003) Steinar Joakimsen (Ap) Official language form BokmÃ¥l Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 291 264 km² 257 km² 0. ...


According to the Köppen climate classification, the climate in coastal areas corresponds to the Cfc category (oceanic climate with cool, short summers); southern coastal areas borders the Cfb (mild temperate oceanic climate) category due to longer summers. The interior and higher elevations mostly have subarctic climates (Dfc, but bordering humid continental in the warmest valleys in the south), while higher mountain areas (above the treeline) have alpine tundra climate (ETf). The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. ... World map showing the oceanic climate zones. ... World map showing the oceanic climate zones. ... Regions having a subarctic climate (also called boreal climate) are characterized by long, usually very cold winters, and brief, warm summers. ... For other uses, see Tundra (disambiguation). ...


Recent years have tended to be warmer; January average in Bodø based on the 17-year period 1991 - 2007 is -0.3°C (from -2.2°C 1961 - 1990), while July average for the same 17 years is 13.5°C (up from 12.5°C).


Climate statistics provided by Norwegian Meteorological Institute; 1961 - 1990 base period unless otherwise stated


Light

The light conditions varies considerably from north to south; Andenes in the north will have midnight sun from May 22 to July 20, and the sun is below the horizon from November 28 to January 16 (Narvik daylight). In Bodø, the sun is above the horizon from June 3 to July 8, and does not rise from December 15 to December 28. Helgeland is situated south of the Arctic Circle: At winter solstice the sun is above the horizon approximately 3 hours a day (Mosjøen daylight). There is not true midnight sun in Helgeland, although the upper part of the sun disc will be above the horizon all night in June as far south as Mosjøen. With the transitional period with a short dusk included, there are three full months (from early May to early of August) without darkness in Nordland. Andenes is a small town in the the municipality Andøy in the county of Nordland, Norway, and had 5,549 inhabitants as of January 1, 2002. ... is the 142nd day of the year (143rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 201st day of the year (202nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 332nd day of the year (333rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 16th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 154th day of the year (155th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 189th day of the year (190th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 349th day of the year (350th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 362nd day of the year (363rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Illumination of Earth by Sun on the day of the northern hemisphere winter solstice Illumination of Earth by Sun on the day of the southern hemisphere winter solstice In astronomy, the winter solstice is the moment when the earth is at a point in its orbit where one hemisphere is...


Nature

Værøy, a bird watchers heaven
Værøy, a bird watchers heaven

The sea along the coast has a rich marine life, and the cod fisheries in Lofoten has lasted for more than 1000 years. In addition to cod, coalfish, haddock, herring, wolf fish and halibut are all common along the coast and in the fjords. The largest deep water coral reef (Lophelia pertusa) in the world, the Røst reef, 40 km long, is located west of Røst. The coast of Nordland has the highest density of sea eagles in Europe. Otters are very common along the coast and fjords, and there are also large sea birds colonies, like Lovund with 2 million birds, as well as seals. Harbour porpoise, harbor seals, sea gulls and cormorants are common along the coast and in most fjords. Orcas are commong along the coast and in the Vestfjord-area (even in the fjords) in winter. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 580 pixelsFull resolution (1634 × 1184 pixel, file size: 243 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Picture of MÃ¥stadfjellet, Værøy. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 580 pixelsFull resolution (1634 × 1184 pixel, file size: 243 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Picture of MÃ¥stadfjellet, Værøy. ... County Nordland Landscape Lofoten Municipality NO-1857 Administrative centre Værøy Mayor (2003) Harald Adolfsen (H) Official language form BokmÃ¥l Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 428 18 km² 18 km² 0. ... COD may refer to many different topics, including: Cash on delivery Completion of discharge, shipping College of DuPage, a public Junior College with campuses in the suburbs of Chicago Call of Duty (series), a series of computer games Canadian Oxford Dictionary Carrier onboard delivery Catastrophic optical damage, a failure mode... COD may refer to many different topics, including: Cash on delivery Completion of discharge, shipping College of DuPage, a public Junior College with campuses in the suburbs of Chicago Call of Duty (series), a series of computer games Canadian Oxford Dictionary Carrier onboard delivery Catastrophic optical damage, a failure mode... This article is about the marine fish pollock, for other uses, see Pollock, Texas, Jackson Pollock, Pollock House and Pollock (movie). ... Binomial name Melanogrammus aeglefinus (Linnaeus, 1758) The haddock or offshore hake is a marine fish distributed on both sides of the North Atlantic. ... Species Clupea alba Clupea bentincki Clupea caspiopontica Clupea chrysotaenia Clupea elongata Clupea halec Clupea harengus Clupea inermis Clupea leachii Clupea lineolata Clupea minima Clupea mirabilis Clupea pallasii Clupea sardinacaroli Clupea sulcata Herrings are small oily fish of the genus Clupea found in the shallow, temperate waters of the North Atlantic... Binomial name Linnaeus, 1758 The Seawolf (Anarhichas lupus), also known as the Atlantic wolffish, Atlantic catfish, wolf eel, or sea cat, is a marine fish, the largest of the family Anarhichadidae. ... This article is about the flatfish species; for the United States Navy ships named Halibut see USS Halibut. ... Binomial name Lopehelia pertusa L., 1758 Synonyms Lophelia pertusa (L., 1758) is a species of cold-water coral which grows in the deep waters throughout the North Atlantic ocean. ... Binomial name Haliaeetus albicilla (Linnaeus, 1758) The White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) is a very large bird of prey in the family Accipitridae which includes other raptors such as hawks, kites and harriers. ... This article is about the carnivorous mammal. ... Seabirds are birds that spend much of their lives, outside the breeding season at least, at sea. ... Lovund seen from Dønna Lovund is a village in Lurøy municipality, Norway, located on the island Lovund west of Solvær. ... Families Odobenidae Otariidae Phocidae Pinnipeds (fin-feet, lit. ... Binomial name Phocoena phocoena Linnaeus, 1758 Harbour Porpoise range The Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) is one of six species of porpoise, and so one of about eighty cetacean species. ... Binomial name Phoca vitulina Linnaeus, 1758 The Harbor Seal or Common seal (Phoca vitulina) is a true seal of the Northern Hemisphere. ... Genera Pagophila Larus Rissa Creagus Xema Rhodostethia Gulls are seabirds in the family Laridae and subfamily Lari. ... For other uses, see Cormorant (disambiguation). ... Binomial name Orcinus orca Linnaeus, 1758 Orca range (in blue) The Orca or Killer Whale (Orcinus orca) is the largest species of the oceanic dolphin family (Delphinidae). ...


Spruce forest expansion have been blocked by Saltfjell and Kjølen mountains, thus spruce forest naturally grows only in Helgeland, but are commonly planted in the whole county for economic reasons, sparking some debate. Part of the spruce forest in the south belongs to the Scandinavian coastal conifer forests. Binomial name Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. ... This forest is located from Snillfjord just south of the Trondheimsfjord in Sør-Trøndelag county and north along the coast to Vefsn in Nordland county (this area is sometimes referred to as central Norway or the middle part of Norway). ...

Junkerdal Nature Reserve, which borders Junkerdal National Park, Saltdal, is known for its diverse flora. A well marked path makes this sheltered valley easily accessible from the E6 road.
Junkerdal Nature Reserve, which borders Junkerdal National Park, Saltdal, is known for its diverse flora. A well marked path makes this sheltered valley easily accessible from the E6 road.

Other common trees in Nordland are birch, rowan, willow, grey alder, bird cherry, aspen and pine, more rarely seen is elm and hazel (elm north to Beiarn, hazel north to Steigen, small-leaved lime north to Brønnøy, forest apple north to Moskenes). The Nordland Whitebeam (No: Nordlandsasal) is one of very few endemic trees in Norway, and only grows in Bindal in Nordland ([9]). Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1024 × 768 pixel, file size: 438 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1024 × 768 pixel, file size: 438 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Junkerdal National Park lies in Saltdal and Fauske municipalities in Nordland county, Norway. ... County Nordland District Salten Municipality NO-1840 Administrative centre Rognan Mayor (2005) Kjell Magne Johansen Official language form BokmÃ¥l Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 23 2,215 km² 2,085 km² 0. ... Species Many species; see text and classification Birch is the name of any tree of the genus Betula, in the family Betulaceae, closely related to the beech/oak family, Fagaceae. ... Species Sorbus subgenus Sorbus Sorbus aucuparia - European Rowan Sorbus americana - American mountain ash Sorbus cashmiriana - Kashmir Rowan Sorbus commixta - Japanese Rowan Sorbus decora - Showy mountain ash Sorbus glabrescens - White-fruited Rowan Sorbus hupehensis - Hubei Rowan Sorbus matsumurana Sorbus sargentiana - Sargents Rowan Sorbus scalaris - Ladder Rowan Sorbus sitchensis - Sitka mountain... Species About 350, including: Salix acutifolia - Violet Willow Salix alaxensis - Alaska Willow Salix alba - White Willow Salix alpina - Alpine Willow Salix amygdaloides - Peachleaf Willow Salix arbuscula - Mountain Willow Salix arbusculoides - Littletree Willow Salix arctica - Arctic Willow Salix atrocinerea Salix aurita - Eared Willow Salix babylonica - Peking Willow Salix bakko Salix barrattiana... Binomial name Alnus incana The grey alder is primarily a tree of northern Europe. ... Species See text. ... For other uses, see Aspen (disambiguation). ... Binomial name L. Image:Scotspine map. ... Binomial nomenclature Ulmus glabra Huds. ... Binomial name Corylus avellana L. Male catkins on Common Hazel The Common Hazel (Corylus avellana) is a shrub native to Europe and Asia. ... The municipality Beiarn in the county of Nordland, Norway, has 1,257 inhabitants as of January 1, 2002. ... The municipality Steigen in the county of Nordland, Norway, has 2,863 inhabitants as of January 1, 2004. ... Binomial name Tilia cordata The Small-leaved Lime is a tree (Tilia cordata) native to much of Europe, including southern Britain north to about Durham. ... Binomial name (L.) Mill. ... County Nordland District Lofoten Municipality NO-1874 Administrative centre Reine Mayor (2003) Lillian Hansen (Ap) Official language form Neutral Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 374 119 km² 110 km² 0. ... Species Sorbus subgenus Aria Sorbus alnifolia - Korean Whitebeam Sorbus aria - Common Whitebeam Sorbus arranensis - Arran Whitebeam Sorbus bristoliensis - Bristol Gorge Whitebeam Sorbus devoniensis - Devon Whitebeam Sorbus folgneri - Folgners Whitebeam Sorbus intermedia - Swedish Whitebeam Sorbus latifolia - Service Tree of Fontainebleau Sorbus mougeotii - Vosges Whitebeam Sorbus rupicola - Rock Whitebeam Sorbus thibetica... Endemic, in a broad sense, can mean belonging or native to, characteristic of, or prevalent in a particular geography, race, field, area, or environment; Native to an area or scope. ... County Nordland District Helgeland Municipality NO-1811 Administrative centre TerrÃ¥k Mayor (2003) Magne Paulsen (Ap) Official language form BokmÃ¥l Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 76 1,265 km² 1,193 km² 0. ...


In the mountain areas in the interior, reindeer can be seen (these have sami owners), hunted by the indigenous wolverine. There are also a few brown bears in the interior. The arctic fox is now in danger of extinction on the mainland, but a few are left in these mountain areas, most of them at the remote Børgefjell mountains. Red foxes, lynx, moose, hares, small rodents and stoats are all common in the forests, and roe deers and a few red deers (mainly in the south) are spreading north. The Badger and the Common viper has their most northerly habitat in southerly coastal areas of Nordland. “Caribou” redirects here. ... The Sami people (also Sámi, Saami, Lapps, sometimes also Laplanders) are the indigenous people of Sápmi, which today encompasses parts of northern Sweden, Norway, Finland and the Kola Peninsula of Russia. ... Binomial name Gulo gulo (Linnaeus, 1758) Wolverine range The Wolverine (Gulo gulo) is the largest land-dwelling species of the Mustelidae or weasel family (the Giant Otter is largest overall), and is the only species currently classified in the genus Gulo (meaning glutton). It is also called the Glutton or... Binomial name Linnaeus, 1758 Ursus arctos range map. ... This article is about the animal. ... Børgefjell National Park is an inaccessible and undeveloped national park in Norway, straddling the border between Nord-Trøndelag and Nordland, with a border to Sweden. ... For other uses, see Red Fox (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Lynx (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Moose (disambiguation). ... Jack rabbit and Jackrabbit redirect here. ... Suborders Sciuromorpha Castorimorpha Myomorpha Anomaluromorpha Hystricomorpha Rodentia is an order of mammals also known as rodents. ... Binomial name Linnaeus, 1758 Range map The stoat (Mustela erminea) is a small mammal of the family Mustelidae. ... Binomial name (Linnaeus, 1758) The European Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) is a deer species of Europe, Asia Minor, and Caspian coastal regions. ... This article is about the species of deer. ... Binomial name Linnaeus, 1758 Range map The Eurasian or European badger, Meles meles, is a mammal indigenous to most of Europe (excluding northern Scandinavia, Iceland, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily and Cyprus) and to many parts of Asia, from about 15° to 65° North, and from about 10° West to 135° East. ... Binomial name Vipera berus The Crossed Viper, also known as the Common Viper and the European Adder (Vipera berus) lives further north than any other snake and is known for being remarkably resistant to low temperatures. ...


Economy

The key industries are fisheries and offshore petroleum exploration. Nordland is well known for the fishing of codfish and salmon hydroponics farming. Main export markets are Germany, Scandinavia, Britain, Netherlands, Italy, Spain, France, Russia and Japan.

Tourism has increased at the Vega Archipelago following the listing as a Unesco World Heritage Site, but lodging capacity is limited.
Tourism has increased at the Vega Archipelago following the listing as a Unesco World Heritage Site, but lodging capacity is limited.

Tourism is important, mainly in the summer season, although there are some winter visitors looking for good skiing, especially from February to April. Tourists are attracted by the scenic coast ([10]), but not in huge numbers, and with the vast area and long distances there are rarely any crowds. Lofoten is perhaps the best known destination, visited by many cruise ships in the summer. Mountain hiking is popular among natives and some tourists, especially in the Rana /Saltfjellet area (with many caves as well), in the Narvik area and in Lofoten, but hiking is seen along the entire county. Whale watching attracts tourists to Andøy and the Tysfjord /Lødingen /Svolvær area, and fishing is also popular along the coast and in the salmon and trout rivers; there is also Arctic char in some rivers. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2592 × 1944 pixel, file size: 2. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2592 × 1944 pixel, file size: 2. ... County District Helgeland Municipality NO-1815 Administrative centre Gladstad Mayor (2003) Einar Silseth (Sp) Official language form BokmÃ¥l Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 355 163 km² 161 km² 0. ... Elabana Falls is in Lamington National Park, part of the Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves World Heritage site in Queensland, Australia. ... “Tourist” redirects here. ... Cross-country skiing (skating style) in Einsiedeln, Switzerland. ... The municipality Rana in the county of Nordland, Norway, and has 25,350 inhabitants as of January 1, 2002. ... For other uses, see Cave (disambiguation). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Reine, Lofoten, seen from top of Reinebringen (June, 2003). ... Whale watching off the coast of Bar Harbor, Maine. ... County District VesterÃ¥len Municipality NO-1871 Administrative centre Andenes Mayor (2005) Jonni Helge Solsvik (H) Official language form Neutral Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 169 656 km² 616 km² 0. ... The municipality Tysfjord in the county of Nordland, Norway, has 2,283 inhabitants as of January 1, 2002. ... County Nordland District HÃ¥logaland Municipality NO-1851 Administrative centre Lødingen Mayor (2003) Kurt Olsen (SV) Official language form BokmÃ¥l Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 202 524 km² 505 km² 0. ... Svolvær is the administrative centre of VÃ¥gan Municipality in Nordland County, Norway. ... For other uses, see Salmon (disambiguation). ... Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Biwa trout (or Biwa salmon), Oncorhynchus masou rhodurus Trout is the common name given to a number of species of freshwater fish belonging to the salmon family, Salmonidae. ... Binomial name Linnaeus, 1758 Arctic char or Arctic charr () is both a freshwater and saltwater fish in the Salmonidae family, native to Arctic, sub-Arctic and alpine lakes and coastal waters. ...

View from near Sortland looking south along the road on Langøya with the mountains in the background
View from near Sortland looking south along the road on Langøya with the mountains in the background

Farming is another regional economy, and comprise mainly of livestock such as cattle, sheep and goats. There is also some forestry, mainly in the Helgeland district, but also further north. In earlier days, grain was grown in Nordland (mostly barley). Nordlandshest is the smallest of the three Norwegian horse breeds. Norwegian Lundehund was breed to hunt puffins and only saved from extinction due to a few remaining dogs in Lofoten. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 533 pixelsFull resolution (1909 × 1273 pixel, file size: 150 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)   Description: Street near Sortland, looking south towards Hadseløya (Stokmarknes) and Lofoten in the far distance Date: 2005-07 (ISO 8601) Author: Lukas Riebling, Username Luke1ace... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 533 pixelsFull resolution (1909 × 1273 pixel, file size: 150 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)   Description: Street near Sortland, looking south towards Hadseløya (Stokmarknes) and Lofoten in the far distance Date: 2005-07 (ISO 8601) Author: Lukas Riebling, Username Luke1ace... County Nordland Landscape VesterÃ¥len Municipality NO-1870 Administrative centre Sortland Mayor (2003) Svein Roar Jacobsen (Ap) Official language form Neutral Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 152 722 km² 698 km² 0. ... Langøya is the third largest island of Norway (except from Svalbard), with an area of 850. ... For general information about the genus, including other species of cattle, see Bos. ... Species See text. ... Species See Species and subspecies The goat is a mammal in the genus Capra, which consists of nine species: the Ibex, the West Caucasian Tur, the East Caucasian Tur, the Markhor, and the Wild Goat. ... Binomial name L. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is an annual cereal grain, which serves as a major animal feed crop, with smaller amounts used for malting and in health food. ... Nordlandshest/Lyngshest Norlandshest/Lyngshest is the smallest of the three Norwegian horse breeds. ... The Norwegian Lundehund (Norwegian: Norsk Lundehund (from Norsk (Norwegian), lunde (puffin) and hund (dog)) is a small dog breed originating from Norway and originally bred for hunting puffins. ... Species Fratercula arctica Fratercula corniculata Fratercula cirrhata For prehistoric species, see article text. ...


There are some mining, in particular limestone, construction material and wolfram. The chief pyrite deposits are near Mo i Rana and Sulitjelma, while iron ore is mined in Dunderlands Valley. The port of Narvik has a direct rail connection to the well known and profitable Kiruna-Gällivare iron-ore fields in Sweden. There are many dams for hydroelectric power. Nordland has an increasing diverse economy, with fledgling research and development in aerospace and space exploration at the Andøya facility, which primarily is known for its satellite launches. This vast province, Norway's second largest, almost the size of Denmark, traditionally was very important for NATO, and the Royal Norwegian Air Force has two squadrons of F-16 fighters stationed at Bodø Airport, and all its P-3 Orion maritime surveillance aircraft stationed at Andøya Air Station. The decommissioning of closing military bases has led to a regional shift towards a new knowledge based economy. Mo i Rana is a town in Rana kommune in Nordland, Norway. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Kiruna View from just outside Kiruna, with European route E10 left to LuleÃ¥ and right to Narvik, Norway. ... Gällivare Municipality is a Municipality in Norrbotten County, in northern Sweden where Gällivare is seat. ... For other uses, see Iron (disambiguation). ... Andøya Rocket Range is the designation of a rocket launch site on Andøya island (the northernmost in the VesterÃ¥len archipelago) in northern Norway. ... Ranks Norwegian military ranks The Royal Norwegian Air Force (RNoAF) (Norwegian: Luftforsvaret) is the air force of Norway. ... The F-16 Fighting Falcon is a modern multi-role jet fighter aircraft built in the United States and used by dozens of countries all over the world. ... Bodø Airport (IATA: BOO, ICAO: ENBO) (Norwegian: Bodø lufthavn) is a main civilian airport in Bodø, Norway. ... The Lockheed P-3 Orion is a maritime patrol aircraft of numerous militaries around the world, used primarily for maritime patrol, reconnaissance, and anti-submarine warfare. ... Andøya Air Station is situated in the north of Norway, near Bardufoss Air Station. ...

Skjomen bridge crossing an arm of Ofotfjord, Narvik. With many deep fjords, islands and straits, Nordland is a county of bridges.
Skjomen bridge crossing an arm of Ofotfjord, Narvik. With many deep fjords, islands and straits, Nordland is a county of bridges.
Bodø has airport, railway and harbor within walking distance
Bodø has airport, railway and harbor within walking distance

Bodø Airport is the most busy airport, and a hub for the many smaller airports in Nordland. Harstad/Narvik Airport, Evenes in the north also has non-stop flights to Oslo. The E6 runs along the entire length of Nordland. There are many tunnels and bridges; some of the largest are Helgeland Bridge, Gimsøy Bridge, Raftsund Bridge, Skjomen Bridge, Rombak Bridge, Hadsel Bridge, Sortland Bridge, Andøy Bridge, Saltstraumen Bridge, Kjellingstraumen Bridge and Brønnøysund Bridge. Even with improved communications, population numbers in Nordland has actually decreased slightly since 1990, as many young people move to larger cities in Norway. Bodø is the only municipality in the county with a significant growth in population. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Ofotfjorden. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Simplified diagram A strait is a narrow channel of water that connects two larger bodies of water, and thus lies between two land masses. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Harstad/Narvik Airport, Evenes (IATA: EVE, ICAO: ENEV) is located in Evenes municipality in Nordland, Northern Norway. ... E6 is the designation for the main north-south road in Norway (and the west coast of Sweden), running from the southern tip of Sweden (Trelleborg), into Norway and through almost all of the country north to Finnmark. ... Helgeland Bridge (Helgelandsbrua) is a cable-stayed bridge that crosses Leirfjorden between the mainland and Alsten in Nordland county in Norway. ... Gimsøystraumen Bridge (Gimsøystraumen bru, also known as Gimsøybrua) is a cantilever road bridge that crosses Gimsøystraumen between AustvÃ¥gøya and Gimsøya in Nordland county, Norway. ... Raftsund Bridge (Raftsundbrua) is a cantilever road bridge that crosses Raftsundet between AustvÃ¥gøya and Hinnøya in Nordland county, Norway. ... Skjomen bridge (Skjomen bru) is a suspension bridge that crosses the fjord Skjomen near the town of Narvik in Nordland county in Norway. ... Rombak Bridge (Rombaksbrua) is a suspension bridge, opened in 1964, that crosses the fjord Rombaken near the town of Narvik in Nordland county in Norway. ... Hadsel Bridge (Hadselbrua) is a cantilever road bridge that crosses Langøysundet between Langøya and Børøya in Nordland county in Norway. ... Sortland Bridge (Sortlandsbrua) is a cantilever road bridge that crosses Sortlandssundet between Strand on Hinnøya and the town of Sortland on Langøya in Nordland county, Norway. ... Andøy Bridge (Andøybrua) is a cantilever road bridge that crosses Risøysundet between Andøya and Hinnøya in Nordland county in Norway. ... Saltstraumen with Saltstraumen Bridge and the Børvasstindan mountains Saltstraumen Bridge (Saltstraumen bru) is a cantilever bridge that crosses Saltstraumen Between Knaplundøya and Straumøya in Nordland county in Norway. ... Kjellingstraumen Bridge (Kjellingstraumen bru) is a suspension bridge that crosses Kjellingstraumen in Nordland county in Norway. ... Brønnøysund Bridge (Brønnøysundbrua) is a cantilever bridge that connects the island Torget with the mainland near the town of Brønnøysund in Nordland county in Norway. ...


History

Steigen sagaspill (historical play)
Steigen sagaspill (historical play)

There is evidence of human settlement in Nordland as far back as 10,500 years ago, for instance at Vega and in Leirfjord. There are at least 15 locations with prehistoric rock carvings in Nordland, from Helgeland in the south to Narvik in the north (see Fosna-Hensbacka culture). Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 520 pixelsFull resolution (1200 × 780 pixel, file size: 124 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) (Uploaded using CommonsHelper or PushForCommons) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 520 pixelsFull resolution (1200 × 780 pixel, file size: 124 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) (Uploaded using CommonsHelper or PushForCommons) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The municipality Steigen in the county of Nordland, Norway, has 2,863 inhabitants as of January 1, 2004. ... County District Helgeland Municipality NO-1815 Administrative centre Gladstad Mayor (2003) Einar Silseth (Sp) Official language form BokmÃ¥l Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 355 163 km² 161 km² 0. ... The municipality Leirfjord in the county of Nordland, Norway, has 2,200 inhabitants as of January 1, 2002. ... Rock carvings at Møllerstufossen, Nordre Land, more than 6000 years old Rock carvings in Norway, a compiled list of pages about rock carvings in Norway. ... a flake axe Östergötland The Fosna/Hensbacka (ca. ...


The oldest house known in Norway was excavated on Langhågan on the island Sanna in Træna municipality ([11]); the house was oval, 6 x 4.5 m, and is dated to 4000 BC. From the house is still visible a 65 m long stone paved "trail" down to a small harbor (No: Båtstø), today 23 m above sea level. The Sanna is a tributary of the Vistula in Poland. ... “Footpath” redirects here. ...


The 4,600 year old rock drawings at Rødøy, which depict a man on skis holding a stick, is the oldest known reference of skis being used. The location is somewhat surprising, as this island has unreliable snow cover, and the Scandinavian climate was warmer in the Stone Age. Petroglyphs on a Bishop Tuff tableland Petroglyph on Petroglyph Point Petroglyphs on Petroglyph Point Petroglyphs on Petroglyph Point Petroglyphs on Newspaper Rock State Historic Monument Petroglyphs from Scandinavia (Häljesta, Västmanland in Sweden). ... County Nordland Landscape Helgeland Municipality NO-1836 Administrative centre VÃ¥gaholmen Mayor (2003) Olav Terje Hoff (Sp) Official language form Neutral Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 156 712 km² 687 km² 0. ...

Traditional Nordland-boat
Traditional Nordland-boat

This rock drawing was used as a pictogram in the Lillehammer Olympic Games in 1994. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2560 × 1920 pixel, file size: 3. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2560 × 1920 pixel, file size: 3. ... County Oppland District Gudbrandsdal Municipality NO-0501 Administrative centre Lillehammer Mayor (2005) Synnøve Brenden Klemetrud (Ap) Official language form BokmÃ¥l Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 211 477 km² 450 km² 0. ... The five Olympic rings were designed in 1913, adopted in 1914 and debuted at the Games at Antwerp, 1920. ...


The first agricultural culture has been dated to the