Norilsk downtown was designed in a typical Stalinist style.

Norilsk (Russian: Нори́льск) is a major city in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. It obtained city status in 1953. It is the northernmost city in Siberia and the world's second largest city (after Murmansk) above the Arctic Circle. Norilsk and Yakutsk are the only large cities in the continuous permafrost zone. Norilsk is also the northernmost city with a population over 100,000 on the planet. Population: 133,436 (2004 est.); 134,832 (2002 Census). MMC Norilsk Nickel, a mining company, is the principal employer in the Norilsk area. The city is served by Norilsk Alykel Airport and Norilsk Valek Airfield. Due to the intense mining, the city is one of the 10 most polluted cities in the world. The most northern mosque in the world is located in Norilsk. Image File history File linksMetadata Norilsk. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Norilsk. ... Unrealised design for the Palace of Soviets, Moscow, by Boris Iofan, 1933 Stalinist architecture (also referred to as Stalins Empire style or Socialist Classicism) is a term given to constructions that were built in the Soviet Union between 1933, when Boris Iofans draft for Palace of Soviets was... Types of settlements in Russia, Soviet Union, and some other post-Soviet states have certain peculiarities with respect to the English language traditions. ... Krasnoyarsk Krai (Russian: ) (2002 pop. ... Year 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... It has been suggested that Western Siberia be merged into this article or section. ... Murmansk coin Murmansk (Russian: ; Finnish: (archaic); Northern Sami: ; Skolt Sami: ) is a city in the extreme northwest part of Russia with a seaport on the Kola Bay, 12 km from the Barents Sea on the northern shore of the Kola Peninsula, not far from Russias borders with Norway and... World map showing the Arctic Circle in red A sign along the Dalton Highway marking the location of the Arctic Circle The Arctic Circle is one of the five major circles of latitude that mark maps of the Earth. ... The tower of ostrog, or fort, in Yakutsk was constructed in 1683. ... This article is about frozen ground. ... Russian Census of 2002 (Russian: ) was the first census of Russian Federation carried out on October 9, 2002. ... MMC Norilsk Nickel (Russian: ) is a nickel and palladium mining and smelting operator in the Norilsk–Talnakh area, in northern Russia. ... Chuquicamata, the largest open pit copper mine in the world, Chile. ... Norilsk Alykel Airport is a large airport in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia located 35 km west of Norilsk. ... Norilsk Valek Airfield (ICAO: UOOW) is a small airport in Krasnoyarsk krai, Russia located 9 km northeast of Norilsk. ... The Masjid al-Haram in Mecca as it exists today A mosque is a place of worship for followers of the Islamic faith. ...

Under communism Norilsk was one of a number of closed cities for which you required an invitation to enter and permission to leave. It became a community built around the Nickel; and the production and storage of military and nuclear missiles. A number of closed cities were closed because of the sensitive information present in them, but Norilsk was partly closed to limit immigration and growth. Many regard the decision as an ill thought out policy, as closing a city often damages the economy significantly. Limited ammenities and housing problems are one symptom. When communism fell there followed a brief period where Norilsk was again open to the public, but it since chose to remain closed. As a result it is still very difficult to acquire a visa to visit this city, even if you are a Russian citizen. One must apply separatly for a permit as a standard 'tourist' visa is not sufficient. A closed city (town) is a city/town with travel and residency restrictions in the former Soviet Union, or in a CIS country. ... MMC Norilsk Nickel (Russian: ) is a nickel and palladium mining and smelting operator in the Norilsk–Talnakh area, in northern Russia. ... Tourism in Russia has been growing rapidly in the years following the collapse of the former Soviet Union in 1991. ...

History

The settlement of Norilsk was founded by the end of 1920s; however, the official date of founding is traditionally set to 1935, when Norilsk was expanded as a settlement for the Norilsk mining-metallurgic complex and became the center of the Norillag system of GULAG labor camps. It was granted the status of urban settlement in 1939. Norillag, Norilsk Corrective Labor Camp (Russian: ) was a gulag labor camp set by Norilsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia and headquartered there. ... Gulag ( , Russian: ) was the government body responsible for administering prison camps across the former Soviet Union. ... A labor camp is a simplified detention facility where inmates are engaged in penal labor. ... Townlet is an attempt to translate the Russian term posyolok gorodskogo tipa (посёлок городского типа), abbreviated (пгт), or the similar Ukrainian (селище міського типу/смт)—literally urban-type settlement. A townlet was one of the results of Soviet urban design, a locality intermediate in character and status between towns and villages. ...

Norilsk, located between the West Siberian Plain and Central Siberian Plateau at the foot of the 1,700-metre-high Putoran Mountains, is situated on some of the largest nickel deposits on Earth. Consequently, mining and smelting ore are the major industries. Norilsk is the center of a region where nickel, copper, cobalt, platinum, palladium, and coal are mined. Mineral deposits in the Siberian Craton had been known for two centuries before Norilsk was founded, but mining began only in 1939, when the buried portions of the Norilsk–Talnakh intrusions were found beneath mountainous terrain. Talnakh is the major mine/enrichment site now from where an enriched ore emulsion is pumped to Norilsk metallurgy plants. The West Siberian Plain (Russian: За́падно-Сиби́рская равни́на) is a large plain that occupies the western portion of Siberia in Russia, between the Ural Mountains in the west and the Yenisei River in the east. ... The Central Siberian Plateau (ru: Среднесиби́рское плоского́рье) is a part of Siberia. ... The Putoran Mountains are a range of mountains on the nortwestern edge of the Central Siberian Plateau, in an area also known as the Putoran Plateau. ... General Name, Symbol, Number nickel, Ni, 28 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 10, 4, d Appearance lustrous, metallic and silvery with a gold tinge Standard atomic weight 58. ... This article is about Earth as a planet. ... Electric phosphate smelting furnace in a TVA chemical plant (1942) Chemical reduction, or smelting, is a form of extractive metallurgy. ... General Name, Symbol, Number nickel, Ni, 28 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 10, 4, d Appearance lustrous, metallic and silvery with a gold tinge Standard atomic weight 58. ... General Name, Symbol, Number copper, Cu, 29 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 4, d Appearance metallic pinkish red Standard atomic weight 63. ... wikipedia sucks big balls For other uses, see Cobalt (disambiguation). ... General Name, Symbol, Number platinum, Pt, 78 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 10, 6, d Appearance grayish white Standard atomic weight 195. ... General Name, Symbol, Number palladium, Pd, 46 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 10, 5, d Appearance silvery white metallic Standard atomic weight 106. ... Coal Coal (IPA: ) is a fossil fuel formed in swamp ecosystems where plant remains were saved by water and mud from oxidization and biodegradation. ... World geologic provinces. ...

To support the new city a railway to port Dudinka on the Yenisei River was established. From this port enriched nickel and copper are transported to Murmansk by sea and further on to the Monchegorsk enrichment plant on Kola peninsula, European Russia, more precious content goes up the river to Kransnoyarsk, all during the summer only. Dudinka port is closed and dismantled during spring's ice barrier floods of up to 20m in late May. This is a typical spring occurrence of all Siberian rivers. Another railway was under construction from European coal city Vorkuta via the Salekhard/river Ob where construction stopped after Stalin died. The Yenisei (Енисе́й) is the greatest river system flowing to the Arctic Ocean, and the fifth longest river in the world. ...

According to the archives of Norillag, 16,806 prisoners died in Norilsk under the conditions of forced labor, starvation, and intense cold throughout the existence of the camp (1935–1956) [1]. Fatalities were especially high during the war years of 1942–1944 when food supplies were particularly scarce. The prisoners organised a revolt in 1953, suppressed by the police. Unknown but significant numbers of prisoners continued to serve and die in the mines until around 1979. Norilsk–Talknakh continues to be a dangerous mine to work in; according to the mining company, there were 2.4 accidents per thousand workers in 2005.

In 2001, Norilsk was decreed a closed city for foreigners, with travel permits required for Russian citizens as well. This is likely because of the sensitive nature of the nickel-platinum-palladium-copper mining, and the ICBM missile silos nestled in the Putoran Mountains nearby. The economic reason is to prevent the intrusion of esp. Caucasian dealers of any kind into this relatively rich city. A closed city (town) is a city/town with travel and residency restrictions in the former Soviet Union, or in a CIS country. ... A Minuteman III missile soars after a test launch. ...

The city is also the nearest to the famous Popigai crater. Popigai crater The Popigai crater in Siberia, Russia is tied with Manicouagan Reservoir as the 4th largest impact crater on Earth. ...

Norilsk–Talnakh nickel deposits

False-color satellite image of Norilsk and the surrounding area ( more information).

The nickel deposits of Norilsk-Talnakh are the largest nickel-copper-palladium deposits in the world. The deposit was formed 250 million years ago during the eruption of the Siberian Traps igneous province (STIP). The STIP erupted over one million cubic kilometres of lava, a large portion of it through a series of flat-lying lava conduits lying below Norilsk and the Talnakh Mountains. Image File history File links Norilsk_L7_20010809. ... Image File history File links Norilsk_L7_20010809. ... Image File history File links Norilsk_L7_20010809. ... The Siberian Traps (Russian: ) form a large igneous province in Siberia. ...

The ore was formed when the erupting magma became saturated in sulfur, forming globules of pentlandite, chalcopyrite, and other sulfides. These sulfides were then "washed" by the continuing torrent of erupting magma, and upgraded their tenor with nickel, copper, platinum, and palladium.^[1] General Name, Symbol, Number sulfur, S, 16 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 16, 3, p Appearance lemon yellow Standard atomic weight 32. ... Pentlandite is a iron-nickel sulfide, (Fe,Ni)9S8. ... Chalcopyrite (sometimes called peacock pyrite) is a copper iron sulfide mineral that crystallizes in the tetragonal system. ... General Name, Symbol, Number nickel, Ni, 28 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 10, 4, d Appearance lustrous, metallic and silvery with a gold tinge Standard atomic weight 58. ... General Name, Symbol, Number copper, Cu, 29 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 4, d Appearance metallic pinkish red Standard atomic weight 63. ... General Name, Symbol, Number platinum, Pt, 78 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 10, 6, d Appearance grayish white Standard atomic weight 195. ... General Name, Symbol, Number palladium, Pd, 46 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 10, 5, d Appearance silvery white metallic Standard atomic weight 106. ...

The current resource known for these mineralised intrusion exceeds 1.8 billion tons. MMC Norilsk Nickel, headquartered in Moscow, is the principle mining operator in Norilsk-Talnakh. The ore is mined underground via several shafts, and a decline. The ore deposits are currently being extracted at >1,200 m below ground. The ore deposits are drilled from the surface. MMC Norilsk Nickel (Russian: ) is a nickel and palladium mining and smelting operator in the Norilsk–Talnakh area, in northern Russia. ... Position of Moscow in Europe Coordinates: , Country District Subdivision Russia Central Federal District Federal City Government  - Mayor Yuriy Luzhkov Area  - City 1,081 km²  (417. ... Decline is change from previously efficient to inefficient organizational functioning, from previously rational to non-rational organizational and individual decision-making, from previously law-abiding to law violating organizational and individual behavior, from previously virtuous to iniquitous individual moral behavior. ...

The deposits are being explored by a Russian Government-controlled company. The company is known to be using electromagnetic field geophysics, with loops on surface which are over 1,000 m on a side. They are conclusively able to image the conductive nickel ore at depths in excess of 1,800 m. Electromagnetism is the physics of the electromagnetic field: a field, encompassing all of space, composed of the electric field and the magnetic field. ... ‹ The template below has been proposed for deletion. ...

Environment

Pollution problems

The nickel ore is smelted on site at Norilsk. The smelting is directly responsible for severe pollution, generally acid rain and smog. By some estimates, 1 percent of the entire global emissions of sulfur dioxide comes from this one city. Heavy metal pollution near Norilsk is so severe that it is now economically feasible to mine the soil, which has been polluted so severely that it has economic grades of platinum and palladium.Kramer, Andrew E.. "For One Business, Polluted Clouds Have Silvery Linings", The New York Times, 2007-07-12. Retrieved on 2007-07-12.  The term acid rain also known as acid precipitation is commonly used to mean the deposition of acidic components in rain, snow, dew, or dry particles. ... Sulfur dioxide (or Sulphur dioxide) has the chemical formula SO2. ... A heavy metal is any of a number of higher atomic weight elements, which has the properties of a metallic substance at room temperature. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 193rd day of the year (194th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 193rd day of the year (194th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Blacksmith Institute^[2] included Norilsk in its list of the ten most polluted places on Earth. They cite air pollution by particulates (including radioisotopes strontium-90, and caesium-137 and heavy metals nickel, copper, cobalt, lead and selenium) and by gases (such as nitrogen and carbon oxides, sulfur dioxide, phenols and hydrogen sulfide). Blacksmith Institute, founded in 1999, is a New York City based organization supporting pollution-related environmental projects. ... A radionuclide is an atom with an unstable nucleus. ... General Name, Symbol, Number strontium, Sr, 38 Chemical series alkaline earth metals Group, Period, Block 2, 5, s Appearance silvery white metallic Atomic mass 87. ... General Name, Symbol, Number caesium, Cs, 55 Chemical series alkali metals Group, Period, Block 1, 6, s Appearance silvery gold Standard atomic weight 132. ... General Name, Symbol, Number nickel, Ni, 28 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 10, 4, d Appearance lustrous, metallic and silvery with a gold tinge Standard atomic weight 58. ... General Name, Symbol, Number copper, Cu, 29 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 4, d Appearance metallic pinkish red Standard atomic weight 63. ... wikipedia sucks big balls For other uses, see Cobalt (disambiguation). ... For Pb as an abbreviation, see PB. General Name, Symbol, Number lead, Pb, 82 Chemical series Post-transition metals or poor metals Group, Period, Block 14, 6, p Appearance bluish gray Standard atomic weight 207. ... Se redirects here. ... General Name, Symbol, Number nitrogen, N, 7 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 15, 2, p Appearance colorless gas Standard atomic weight 14. ... General Name, Symbol, Number carbon, C, 6 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 14, 2, p Appearance black (graphite) colorless (diamond) Standard atomic weight 12. ... An oxide is a chemical compound containing an oxygen atom and other elements. ... Sulfur dioxide (or Sulphur dioxide) has the chemical formula SO2. ... Phenol, also known under an older name of carbolic acid, is a colourless crystalline solid with a typical sweet tarry odor. ... Hydrogen sulfide (hydrogen sulphide in British English), H2S, is a colorless, toxic, flammable gas that is responsible for the foul odor of rotten eggs and flatulence. ...

According to an article published by BBC News on 5th April 2007, the company accepted responsibility for what had happened to the forests, but insisted they were taking action to cut the pollution. For the period up to 2015-2020 the company expects to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions by approximately two-thirds, but admits it is hard to guarantee this pace of reduction because they are still developing the technology.

Environmental groups such as Greenpeace are deeply skeptical, noting that the company faces the significant problem of what to do with the huge amounts of sulfur which will remain if it is not burnt off. Transporting it to world markets is difficult because Norilsk is located in such a remote Arctic region. Greenpeace protest against Esso / Exxon Mobil. ...

Climate

Norilsk has an extremely harsh climate. Average temperature is approximately −10 degrees Celsius, temperatures as low as −58 degrees have been recorded. The city is covered with snow for about 250–270 days a year, with snow storms for about 110–130 days. The polar night lasts from December through mid-January, so that Norilsk inhabitants do not see the sun at all for about six weeks.

Norilsk In Popular Culture

Although not actually having been filmed in Norilsk, the city is depicted in the 1985 film White Nights, starring Mikhail Baryshnikov and Gregory Hines. During the opening moments of the film, Baryshnikov's character, a Soviet defector, is on a passenger plane that crash lands at "Norilsk Air Base." The White Nights are a short late Spring and early Summer period in high latitude areas in the few weeks around the Summer solstice in June. ... Alexandra Danilova and Mikhail Baryshnikov, 1976 Mikhail Nikolaevitch Baryshnikov (Russian: ) (born January 28, 1948) is a Russian dancer, choreographer, and actor. ... Gregory Hines (February 14, 1946 – August 9, 2003) was a Tony Award-winning American actor, singer, dancer, and choreographer. ... Soviet redirects here. ...

External links

• MMC Norilsk Nickel, in English
• Norilsk portal
• Satellite picture by Google Maps

References

• Obshhestvo "Memorial", Regional Branch "Siberia": Norilskaya golgofa. Krasnoyarsk: Izd-vo "Klaretianum", 2002 [2].
• Noril'sk, Northeast Siberia. NASA Earth Observatory. Retrieved on 2006-05-01.

1. ^ http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of02-074/Resource_Geology/Resource_Geology.pdf Gerald K. Czamanske et. al., Petrographic and Geochemical Characterization of Ore-bearing Intrusions of the Noril'sk type, Siberia; With Discussion of Their Origin, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-74 (91 page PDF file)
2. ^ Blacksmith Institute - accessed 18-10-06.

NASA Earth Observatory is an online publication of NASA where the public can access satellite imagery and scientific information about our planet for free. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 1 is the 121st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (122nd in leap years). ...

	Cities and towns in Krasnoyarsk Krai
	Administrative center: Krasnoyarsk Achinsk | Artyomovsk | Bogotol | Borodino | Divnogorsk | Ilansky | Kansk | Kodinsk | Lesosibirsk | Minusinsk | Nazarovo | Norilsk | Sharypovo | Sosnovoborsk | Uyar | Uzhur | Yeniseysk | Zaozyorny | Zelenogorsk | Zheleznogorsk Image File history File links KrsasnojarskKrayCoatOfArms. ... Krasnoyarsk Krai (Russian: ) (2002 pop. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... Krasnoyarsk (Russian: ) is the administrative center of Krasnoyarsk Krai of Russia, and the third largest city in Siberia. ... Achinsk - Train station on trans-Siberian railway Achinsk (Russian: ) is a city in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located at the intersection of the Chulym River and Trans-Siberian Railway, at Population: 118,744 (2002); 85,000 (1969); 32,000 (1939). ... Artyomovsk is a town in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. ... Bogotol (Russian: Боготол) is a town in the Krasnoyarsk Krai in Russia, located on the Bogotol River some 252 km west of Krasnoyarsk. ... Borodino (Russian: ) is a town in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located 186 km north-east of Krasnoyarsk at . Population: 19,181 (2002 Census). ... Divnogorsk is a town in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. ... Ilansky (Russian: ) is a town in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located on the Ilanka River 279 km east of Krasnoyarsk at . Population: 17,073 (2002 Census). ... Kansk is a town on the left bank of Kan river, in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. ... Kodinsk (Russian: ) is a town in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located on the Angara River, 735 km north of Krasnoyarsk. ... Lesosibirsk (Russian: ) is a town in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. ... Minusinsk (Минуси́нск) is a town in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, on the Yenisei River. ... Sosnovoborsk (Russian: ) is a town in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located on the right bank of the Yenisei River, 45 km northeast of Krasnoyarsk. ... Uyar (Russian: ) is a town in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located on the Uyarka River (Yeniseis basin) 132 km east of Krasnoyarsk at . Population: 13,807 (2002 Census). ... Uzhur (Russian: ) is a town in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. ... Transfiguration Church was built in the 1750s. ... The old part of the town Zaozyorny, Zaozyornyy (Russian: ) is a town in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located on the Barga River (Yeniseis basin), the affluent of the Kan, 166 km east of Krasnoyarsk on the 4,263 km of the Trans-Siberian Railway (Zaozyornaya railway station). ... Zelenogorsk (Russian: ) is a closed town in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. ... Zheleznogorsk (Russian: ; approx. ...

Closed Cities of the Former Soviet Union

Bolshoy Kamen | Dnipropetrovsk | Fokino | Gadzhiyevo | Krasnoznamensk | Lesnoy | Mezhgorye | Mirny | Norilsk | Novouralsk | Ostrovnoy | Ozyorsk | Polyarny | Raduzhny | Sarov | Sevastopol | Severomorsk | Seversk | Shikhany | Snezhinsk | Snezhnogorsk | Tryokhgorny | Vilyuchinsk | Zaozyorsk | Zarechny | Zelenogorsk | Zheleznogorsk | Znamensk Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union. ... A closed city (town) is a city/town with travel and residency restrictions in the former Soviet Union, or in a CIS country. ... Coat of arms Bolshoy Kamen (or Bolshoi Kamen) (Russian: ) is a town located in the south of Primorsky Krai, Russia, at , and is the administrative center of Shkotovsky District. ... Location Map of Ukraine with Dnipropetrovsk highlighted. ... Fokino (Russian: ) is a town in Primorsky Krai, Russia, situated on the coast of the Gulf of Peter the Great between Vladivostok and Nakhodka. ... , Gadzhiyevo (Russian: ) is a closed town in Murmansk Oblast, Russia. ... Coat of Arms of Krasnoznamensk Krasnoznamensk (Russian: ) is a closed town in Moscow Oblast, Russia, known until 1994 as Golitsyno-2. ... Lesnoy (Russian: ) is a closed town in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia. ... Monument in Mirny commemorating Kosmos-2000 spacecraft launch from Plesetsk cosmodrome on February 2, 1989, featuring genuine spacecraft capsule (2005 photo) Mirny (Russian: ) is a closed town in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, serving the Plesetsk Cosmodrome. ... Novouralsk (Russian: ) is a closed town in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia. ... Ostrovnoy (Russian: ), also known as Murmansk-140 (), is a closed town in Murmansk Oblast, Russia. ... Ozyorsk or Ozersk (Russian: Озёрск) is a city, formerly known as Chelyabinsk-40 then Chelyabinsk-65, in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia. ... Polyarny is a town on the outermost western side of the Murmansk Fjord with just under 30,000 inhabitants. ... Coat of arms of Raduzhny Raduzhny (Russian: ) is a closed town in Vladimir Oblast, Russia, located on the Pol, Buzha, and Uzhbol Rivers, 12 km south of Vladimir. ... Sarov (Russian: ) is a town in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. ... Location Map of Ukraine with Sevastopol highlighted. ... Severomorsk (Russian: Северомо́рск) is a town in Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located about 25 km north of Murmansk. ... Seversk (Северск) is a town (since 1956) in Tomsk Oblast, Russia on the bank of Tom River. ... Shikhany (Russian: ) is a closed town in Saratov Oblast, Russia, located some 130 km north of Saratov. ... Snezhinsk (Russian: Снежинск) is a closed city in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia. ... Snezhnogorsk (Russian: ) is a town in Murmansk Oblast, Russia. ... Tryokhgorny (Russian: ; also spelled Trekhgorny, Tryokhgorniy, Trehgorny) is a town in Russia, in Chelyabinsk Oblast, founded in 1952, and earlier known under the name Zlatoust-36. ... Vilyuchinsk (Russian language Вилючинск) is a closed town in the Kamchatka Oblast, Russia. ... Zaozyorsk (Murmansk oblast), proposed coat of arms. ... Coat of arms of Zarechny Zarechny (Russian: ), called Penza-19 () in 1962–1992, is a closed town in Penza Oblast, Russia, located twelve kilometers east of Penza at . ... Zelenogorsk (Russian: ) is a closed town in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. ... Zheleznogorsk (Russian: ; approx. ... Znamensk (Russian: ) is a closed town (the center of the Kapustin Yar missile test range) in Astrakhan Oblast, Russia, located at . Population: 32,068 (2002 Census). ...

Coordinates: 69°21′″N, 88°12′″E Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...