Norteiro is the Portuguese language term for people belonging to former Portuguese Exclave in the western littoral of South Asia, which included islands such as the islands of Bom Bahia (modern Bombay), the Island of Salsette, Dharavi Island, New Bombay, Chaul-Revdanda, Baçaim, Damaõ, and Dio (i.e. "Diu") located across the Gulf of Cambay. D is Bs exclave, but is not an enclave. ... Composite satellite image of South Asia Map of South Asia. ... This article or section should be merged with Mumbai (Bombay) This article is about the city formerly known as Bombay. ... This article or section should be merged with Mumbai Mumbai (previously known as Bombay) is the worlds most populous conurbation, and is the sixth most populous agglomeration in the world. ... The island as seen from the sky Salsette is an island in Maharashtra state on Indias west coast. ... New Bombay (also known as Navi Mumbai) is a satellite twin of the city of Bombay, India. ... Chaul is a former city of Portuguese India, now in ruins. ... Revdanda is a sleepy villlage near Alibag, India. ... Vasai-Virar is a city in Maharashtra state in western India. ... Dio is a heavy metal band led by vocalist Ronnie James Dio, who formed it in October 1982 after leaving Black Sabbath. ... Diu may mean: An island off the south west coast of Gujarat in India. ... The Gulf of Cambay (also the Gulf of Khambat) is an inlet of the Arabian Sea along the west coast of India, in the state of Gujarat. ...

The name Norteiro means "Northerner". The term refers to the city of Baçaim, which was styled the "Court of the North" and stood second only to the city of Goa (modern Old Goa) among Portuguese possessions in South Asia.

Culture

Except for Dio, which lies in the historical "Sorath" or Saurashtra, the remaining settlements were all within the North Konkan, and were populated predominantly by native Konkani people. These were largely converted to Christianity and the converts assimilated to Portuguese culture and developed into Creoles. Their language was a mixture of local Konkani dialects and Portuguese, with other admixtures, such as Arabic, etc. Saurashtra (also Soruth and Sorath) is a former state of India, located on the Kathiawar peninsula of western India. ... Saurashtra in between Gulf of Kutch and Gulf of Khambat. ... For the languages, see Creole language The term Creole is used with different meanings in different contexts, which can generate confusion. ... Arabic can mean: From or related to Arabia From or related to the Arabs The Arabic language; see also Arabic grammar The Arabic alphabet, used for expressing the languages of Arabic, Persian, Malay ( Jawi), Kurdish, Panjabi, Pashto, Sindhi and Urdu, among others. ...

While culturally assimilated, the Norteiros largely did not intermarry with the white Portuguese, but instead maintained their racial identity, mostly as a result of residual Hindu casteist ideas. Mesticos, or inter-racials, were therefore forced to move away. These Mesticos emigrated to other parts of the Portuguese Empire where they were able to be integrated into society.

Conquest

When the Maratha Empire invaded the Konkan, they seized most of these settlements, including the capital, Bacaim. The conquerors forced the people to adopt Marathi as their language. As a result, most of the Norteiros in the Maratha Conquests began to speak a version of Marathi which included the Konkani-Portuguese creole substrate. Extent of the Maratha Confederacy ca. ...

When the English later took over these lands from the Portuguese (Bombay) and the Marathas, they called the Norteiros "Bombay Portuguese".

Occupation

After the involvement of England in Goan affairs as a result of the French Revolutionary Wars & the Napoleonic Wars, England occupied Goa for several years, ostensibly to protect it from a French takeover. The Goans were encouraged to migrate to Bombay and find employment. Because the influx of Goans, called "Goan Portugese" by the English, the "Bombay Portuguese" decided to rename themselves with a name emphasizing their status as subjects of their English rulers, to distinguish them from the Goans, who were Portuguese citizens (since Pombal enfranchised Goa). These Norteiros called themselves "East Indians" in honor of the East India Company which ruled them until recently on behalf of England. The French Revolutionary Wars occurred between the outbreak of war between the French Revolutionary government and Austria in 1792 and the Treaty of Amiens in 1802. ... The Napoleonic Wars were a series of wars fought during Napoleon Bonapartes rule over France. ... Goa (गोआ in Devanāgarī) is Indias smallest state in terms of area and the fourth smallest in terms of population after Sikkim, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh. ... Coat of Arms Pombal (pron. ... The British East India Company, sometimes referred to as John Company, was a joint-stock company of investors, which was granted a Royal Charter by Elizabeth I on December 31, 1600, with the intent to favour trade privileges in India. ...

Other communities, such as that of Chaul, Damao and Dio continued to identify themselves as Norteiros.

Both, the Damanese and the Kristi communities are Norteiro creoles, derived from the native Konkani people. The Konkani people are an Indian ethnic group. ...

See also

• Daman Indo-Portuguese language
• Diu Indo-Portuguese language
• Portuguese creole
• History of Konkan