Popular Northwest Passage routes through the Canadian archipelago

This article describes the route through the Canadian Arctic. For other meanings, see Northwest Passage (disambiguation).

The Northwest Passage is a route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean through the Arctic archipelago of Canada. Download high resolution version (2560x960, 799 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (2560x960, 799 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Northwest Passage may refer to the: Northwest Passage, a route through the Arctic archipelago of Canada 1940 movie Northwest Passage song Northwest Passage on the album of the same name by Canadian folk artist Stan Rogers song A Northwest Passage on the New Morning, Changing Weather album by Swedish punk... The red line indicates the 10°C isotherm in July, commonly used to define the Arctic region border The Arctic is the area around the Earths North Pole. ... An archipelago is a landform which consists of a chain or cluster of islands. ...

Between the end of the 15th century and the 20th century, Europeans attempted to discover a commercial sea route north and west around the American continents. The English called the hypothetical route the Northwest Passage, while the Spanish called it the Strait of Anián. The desire to establish such a route motivated much of the European exploration of both coasts of North America. (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is the worlds second-smallest continent in terms of area, with an area of 10,600,000 km² (4,140,625 square miles), making it larger than Australia only. ... The Strait of Anián was the 16th century Spanish name for the Northwest Passage that supposedly connected the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean in the temperate or tropic regions of North America. ...

In 1539, Hernán Cortés commissioned Francisco de Ulloa to sail along the peninsula of Baja California in search of the Strait of Anián. 1576 – 1578 Martin Frobisher undertook three voyages to the Canadian Arctic in order to find the passage. Frobisher Bay, which he discovered, is named after him. In July 1583 Sir Humphrey Gilbert, who had written a treatise on the discovery of the passage and was a backer of Frobisher's, claimed the territory of Newfoundland for the English crown. On August 8, 1585, the English explorer John Davis entered Cumberland Sound, Baffin Island. In 1609, Henry Hudson sailed up the river that now bears his name in search of the passage; he later explored the Canadian Arctic and discovered Hudson Bay. Events May 30 - In Florida, Hernando de Soto lands at Tampa Bay with 600 soldiers with the goal to find gold. ... Hernán Cortés Hernán(do) Cortés, marqués del Valle de Oaxaca (1485–December 2, 1547) was the conquistador who conquered Mexico for Spain. ... Route of the 1539 voyage by Francisco de Ulloa from Navidad (Acapulco) along west coast of Mexico Francisco de Ulloa (d. ... Baja California (highlighted) Alternative use: Baja California (state) Baja California or Lower California is a peninsula in the west of Mexico. ... Events May 5 - Peace of Beaulieu or Peace of Monsieur (after Monsieur, the Duc dAnjou, brother of the King, who negotiated it). ... Events January 31 - Battle of Gemblours - Spanish forces under Don John of Austria and Alexander Farnese defeat the Dutch. ... Martin Frobisher by Cornelis Ketel. ... Frobisher Bay is a large inlet of the Labrador Sea in Baffin Island. ... Sir Humphrey Gilbert (c. ... August 8 is the 220th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (221st in leap years), with 145 days remaining. ... 1585 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. ... John Davis (1550? - 1605) was one of the chief English navigators and explorers under Elizabeth I, especially in Polar regions. ... The Cumberland Sound is a body of water between Baffin Islands Hall Peninsula and the Cumberland Peninsula in Nunavut, Canada. ... Baffin Island, Nunavut. ... // Events April 4 – King of Spain signs an edit of expulsion of all moriscos from Spain April 9 – Spain recognizes Dutch independence May 23 - Official ratification of the Second Charter of Virginia. ... . No portrait of Hudson is known to be in existence. ... View of the Hudson in the 1880s showing Jersey City The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk in Mahican, is a river running mainly through New York State but partly forming the boundary between the states of New York and New Jersey. ... Hudson Bay, Canada. ...

In the first half of the 19th century, parts of the Northwest Passage were explored separately by a number of different expeditions, including voyages by John Ross, William Edward Parry, James Clark Ross; and overland expeditions led by John Franklin, George Back, Peter Warren Dease, and Thomas Simpson. Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Engraving of Ross Sir John Ross (June 24, 1777 – August 30, 1856) was a British rear admiral and Arctic explorer. ... Sir William Edward Parry (December 19, 1790 - July 8, 1855) was an English rear-admiral and Arctic explorer. ... Sir James Clark Ross (April 15, 1800 – April 3, 1862), was a British naval officer and explorer. ... Maybe you are looking for John Hope Franklin Sir John Franklin, FRGS (April 15, 1786 – June 11, 1847) was an English sea captain and Arctic explorer, whose fate — and that of his last expedition — was for many years a mystery. ... Sir George Back (6 November 1796 – 23 June 1878) was a British naval officer, explorer of the Arctic and artist. ...

In 1845 a well-equipped two-ship expedition led by Sir John Franklin attempted to force a passage through the Arctic ice from Baffin Bay to the Beaufort Sea. When the expedition failed to return, a number of relief expeditions and search parties explored the Canadian Arctic between the two bodies of open water resulting in final charting of a possible passage. Traces of the expedition have been found including records that indicate that the ships became icelocked in 1846 near King William Island, about half way through the passage, and were unable to extricate themselves. Franklin himself died in 1847 and the rest of the party in 1848, after abandoning the ships and attempting to escape overland by sledge. While starvation and scurvy are the most likely reasons why all 129 members of the expedition perished, other causes have been suggested as well, and explaining the failure of the expedition has become something of a cottage industry. The expedition took 8000 tins of food. Unfortunately, the tins were sealed with lead, which is poisonous. The lead would have contaminated the food and made the crews ill. They would have become weak and bad tempered, and have found it hard to make good decisions. In 1981, Owen Beattie, an anthropologist, found part of a bleached human skull. This led to further investigations and findings, using forensic evidence and techniques, and examining three well-preserved bodies of three seamen, exhumed from the permafrost of Beechey Island over 138 years after their death. Laboratory tests revealed heavy doses of lead poisoning. 1845 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Map of Baffin Island and surrounding areas, including Baffin Bay. ... Approximate area of the Beaufort Sea, and the disputed waters The Beaufort Sea is a large body of water north of The Northwest Territories, the Yukon, and Alaska and west of Canadas arctic islands that is a part of the Arctic Ocean. ... 1846 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... King William Island, Nunavut NASA Landsat satellite image of King William Island King William Island is a Canadian Arctic island, in the Nunavut Territory. ... 1847 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1848 is a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Starvation is a severe reduction in vitamin, nutrient, and energy intake, and is the most extreme form of malnutrition. ... Scurvy, known as Barlows disease in infants, is a disease that results from insufficient intake of vitamin C and leads to the formation of livid spots on the skin, spongy gums, and bleeding from almost all mucous membranes. ... General Name, Symbol, Number lead, Pb, 82 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 14, 6, p Appearance bluish white Atomic mass 207. ... This article is about frozen ground. ... Lead poisoning is a condition, also known as plumbism or painters colic, caused by increased blood serum lead levels. ...

The North-West Passage (1874), a painting by John Everett Millais representing British frustration at the failure to conquer the passage

During the search for Franklin, a party led by Robert McClure traversed the Northwest Passage from west to east in the years 1850 to 1854, partly by ship and partly by sledge. McClure's ship was trapped in the ice for three winters near Banks Island, at the western end of Viscount Melville Sound. Finally McClure and his party – who were by that time dying of starvation – were found by searchers travelling by sledge from one of the ships of Sir Edward Belcher's expedition, and returned with them to Belcher's ships, which had entered the sound from the east. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1279, 341 KB) John Everett Millais: The North-West Passage / Die Ãœberfahrt nach Nord-West / Le passage de nord-ouest 1874 Tate Gallery, London File links The following pages link to this file: Northwest Passage John Everett Millais ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1279, 341 KB) John Everett Millais: The North-West Passage / Die Ãœberfahrt nach Nord-West / Le passage de nord-ouest 1874 Tate Gallery, London File links The following pages link to this file: Northwest Passage John Everett Millais ... John Everett Millais (June 8, 1829–August 13, 1896) was a British painter and illustrator who was one of founders of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. ... Robert John Le Mesurier McClure (or MClure) (28 January 1807 - 17 October 1873) was a British explorer of the Arctic. ... 1850 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1854 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Banks Island, Northwest Territories. ... The Viscount Melville Sound is a body of water that separates Victoria Island and Prince of Wales Island from the Parry Islands in Nunavut, Canada. ... Sir Edward Belcher (1799 - March 18, 1877) was a British naval officer. ...

The Northwest Passage was not conquered by sea until 1906, when the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen, who had sailed just in time to escape creditors seeking to stop the expedition, completed a three-year voyage in the converted 47-ton herring boat Gjøa. At the end of this trip, he walked into the city of Eagle, Alaska, and sent a telegram announcing his success. His route was not commercially practical; in addition to the time taken, some of the waterways were extremely shallow. 1906 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Roald Amundsen Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen (July 16, 1872–June 18?, 1928) was a Norwegian explorer of polar regions. ... Gjøa was the first vessel to transit the Northwest Passage. ... Eagle is a city located along the United States-Canada border in the Southeast Fairbanks Census Area, Alaska. ...

The first single-season passage was not accomplished until 1944, when the St. Roch, a Royal Canadian Mounted Police schooner commanded by Henry Larsen, made it through. 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... in Arctic ice The St. ... The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP or Mounties; French, Gendarmerie royale du Canada, GRC) is both the federal police force and the national police of Canada. ... Two-masted fishing schooner A schooner is a type of sailing vessel characterized by the use of fore-and-aft sails on two or more masts. ... Henry Larsen (September 30, 1899 – October 29, 1964) was a Canadian Arctic explorer. ...

On July 1, 1957, U. S. Coast Guard cutter Storis departed in company with the U. S. Coast Guard Cutters Bramble (WLB-392) and Spar (WLB-403) to search for a deep draft channel through the Arctic Ocean and to collect hydrographic information. This historic transit ended a 450-year search for the Northwest Passage – a route for large ships across the top of North America. Upon her return to Greenland waters, Storis became the first U.S. registered vessel to circumnavigate the North American continent. Shortly after her return in late 1957, the Storis was reassigned to her new homeport of Kodiak, Alaska. 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In 1969 the SS Manhattan made the passage, accompanied by the Canadian icebreaker CCGS John A. Macdonald. The Manhattan was a specially reinforced supertanker that was sent to test the viability of the passage for the transport of oil. While the Manhattan succeeded, the route was deemed not cost effective and a pipeline was built instead. 1969 (MCMLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday For other uses, see Number 1969. ... A supertanker is a certain class of tanker ship built to transport very large quantities of liquids, especially crude oil. ...

In 1985 the U.S. icebreaker Polar Sea was sent through. The U.S. Government made a point of not asking permission from the Canadians for the passage. They claimed that it was simply a cost effective way to get the ship from Greenland to Alaska and that there was no reason for them to be asking permission to travel through international waters. The Canadian government maintained that the waters were internal to Canada. This article is about the year. ... USCGC Polar Sea is a United States Coast Guard Heavy Icebreaker. ... State nickname: The Last Frontier, The Land of the Midnight Sun Other U.S. States Capital Juneau Largest city Anchorage Governor Frank Murkowski (R) Senators Ted Stevens (R) Lisa Murkowski (R) Official language(s) English Area 663,267 mi² / 1,717,854 km² (1st)  - Land 571,951 mi² / 1,481...

In the summer of 2000, several ships took advantage of thinning summer ice cover on the Arctic Ocean to make the crossing. It is thought that global warming is likely to open the passage for increasing periods of time, making it attractive as a major shipping route. Routes from Europe to the Far East save 4000 km through the passage, as compared to the current routes through the Panama Canal. This article is about the year 2000. ... Global mean surface temperatures 1856 to 2004 Mean temperature anomalies during the period 1995 to 2004 with respect to the average temperatures from 1940 to 1980 Global warming describes an increase in the average temperature of the Earths atmosphere and oceans. ... Far East is an inexact term often used for East Asia and Southeast Asia combined, sometimes including also the easternmost territories of Russia, i. ... A canal tug making its way down to the Caribbean end of the canal waits to be joined by a ship in the uppermost chamber of the Gatun Locks. ...

External links

• 'The Great Game in a cold climate'
• Mission to Utjulik
• The Sir John Franklin Mystery
• The Voyage of the Manhattan