Cheyenne lodges with buffalo meat drying, 1870

The Cheyenne are a Native American nation of the Great Plains, closely allied with the Arapaho and loosely allied with the Lakota (Sioux). They are one of the most famous and prominent Plains tribes. In their native language they are known as the "Tsitsistas," translated to "Like Hearted People." The Cheyenne nation is composed of two united tribes, the Tsitsistas, and the Sotaae'o. The Cheyenne nation comprised 10 bands, spread all over the Great Plains, from southern Colorado to the Black Hills in South Dakota. Cheyenne lodges with buffalo meat drying, 1870 Source: lewisandclarkjournals However, according to buffalosoldier. ... Cheyenne lodges with buffalo meat drying, 1870 Source: lewisandclarkjournals However, according to buffalosoldier. ... A buffalo is one of several species of bovine. ... Native Americans (also Indians, Aboriginal Peoples, American Indians, First Nations, Alaskan Natives, Amerindians, or Indigenous Peoples of America) are the indigenous inhabitants of The Americas prior to the European colonization, and their modern descendants. ... The Great Plains states. ... Scabby Bull, Arapaho 1806 Arapaho camp, ca. ... Alternative meaning: Lakota, Côte dIvoire is a département of Côte dIvoire. ...

In the early 1800s the tribe split into two factions: the southern band staying near the Platte Rivers and the northern band living near the Black Hills near the Lakota tribes. The Cheyenne of Montana and Oklahoma both speak the Cheyenne language, with only a handful of vocabulary items different between the two locations. The Cheyenne language is a tonal language and is part of the larger Algonquian language group. The Cheyenne language is a Native American language spoken in present_day Montana and Oklahoma, USA. It is part of the Algonquian language family. ... Tone refers to the use of pitch in language to distinguish words. ... The Algonquian languages are a subfamily of Native American languages that includes most of the languages in the Algic language family (others are Wiyot and Yurok of northwestern California). ...

In 1851, the first Cheyenne 'territory' was established in northern Colorado. The Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851 granted this territory. Today this former territory includes the cities of Ft Collins, Denver and Colorado Springs. Not long after 1851, the Cheyenne had lost this land due to the influx of settlers due to the gold rush.

In the Indian Wars, the Cheyenne were the victims of the Sand Creek Massacre in which the Colorado Militia killed 600 Cheyenne. In the early morning on November 27, 1868 the Battle of Washita River started when United States Army Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer led the 7th U.S. Cavalry in an attack on a band of peaceful Cheyenne legally living on reservation land with Chief Black Kettle. 103 Cheyenne were killed, mostly women and children. The Northern Cheyenne also participated in the Battle of the Little Bighorn, which took place on June 25, 1876. The Cheyenne, along with the Lakota and a small band of Arapaho, annihilated George Armstrong Custer and his contingent near the Little Bighorn River. It is estimated that population of the encampment of the Cheyenne, Lakota and Arapaho along the Little Bighorn river was around 10,000; which would make it one of the largest gathering of Native Americans in North America in pre-reservation times. Following the Battle of the Little Bighorn, attempts by the U.S. Army to capture and escort the Cheyenne intensified. A group of 972 Cheyenne were escorted to Indian Territory in Oklahoma in 1877. There the conditions were dire, the Northern Cheyenne were not used to the climate and soon many became ill with malaria. In 1878, the two principal Chiefs, Little Wolf and Morning Star (Dull Knife) pressed for the release of the Cheyenne so they could travel back up north. That same year a group of an estimated 350 Cheyenne left Indian Territory to travel back up north. This group was led by Chiefs Little Wolf and Morning Star. The Army and other civilian volunteers were hot in pursuit of the Cheyenne as they traveled back up north. Is it estimated that a total of 13,000 Army soldiers and volunteers were sent to pursuit the Cheyenne. The band soon split, one group led by Little Wolf and the other by Morning Star. Little Wolf and his band made it back to Montana. Morning Star and his band were captured and escorted to Ft. Robinson, in Nebraska. There Morning Star and his band were sequestered. They were ordered to return to Oklahoma but they swiftly and steadily denied. Conditions at the fort grew tense through the end of 1878 and soon the Cheyenne were confined to barracks, with no food, water or heat. In January of 1879, Morning Star and his group broke out of Ft. Robinson. Most of the group was gunned down as they ran away from the fort. It is estimated that only approximately 50 survived the break out and reunited with the other Northern Cheyenne in Montana. Through determination and sacrifice, the Northern Cheyenne had earned their right to remain in the north near the Black Hills. In 1884, by Executive Order, a reservation for the Northern Cheyenne was established in southeast Montana. This reservation was expanded in 1890, the current western border is the Crow Indian Reservation and the eastern border is the Tongue River. The Indian Wars were a series of conflicts between the United States and Native American peoples (Indians) of North America. ... The Sand Creek Massacre refers to an infamous incident in the Indian wars of the United States that occurred on November 29, 1864 when Colorado Militia troops in the Colorado Territory massacred an undefended village of Cheyenne and Arapaho encamped on the territorys eastern plains. ... November 27 is the 331st day (332nd on leap years) of the year. ... 1868 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Battle of Washita occurred on November 26, 1868 when George Armstrong Custer’s 7th U.S. Cavalry attacked Black Kettle’s Cheyenne village on the Washita River. ... The Army is the branch of the United States armed forces which has primary responsibility for land-based military operations. ... George Armstrong Custer George Armstrong Custer (December 5, 1839 - June 25, 1876) was an American cavalry commander in the Civil War and the Indian Wars who is best remembered for his defeat and death at the Battle of the Little Bighorn against a coalition of Native American tribes, led by... The 7th United States Cavalry Regiment is a United States Army cavalry unit, whose lineage traces back to the late 19th century. ... Chief Black Kettle Chief Black Kettle (died November, 26 1868) was a Cheyenne Native American. ... The Battle of the Little Bighorn, also called Custers Last Stand, was an engagement between a Lakota-Cheyenne combined force and the 7th Cavalry of the United States Army that took place on June 25, 1876 near the Little Bighorn River in the eastern Montana Territory. ... June 25 is the 176th day of the year (177th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 189 days remaining. ... 1876 is a leap year starting on Saturday. ... The Little Bighorn River The Little Bighorn River is a tributary of the Bighorn River in the United States in the states of Wyoming and Montana. ...

Within 400 years, the Cheyenne have lived through 4 stages of change. First they lived in the Eastern Woodlands and were a sedentary/agricultural people, planting corn, beans and wild rice. Next they lived in present day Minnesota/South Dakota and continued their farming tradition and also started hunting the bison of the Great Plains. During the third stage the Cheyenne abandoned their sedentary/farming lifestyle and became a full-fledged Plains tribe. The fourth stage is the reservation phase.

Two books about the Cheyenne are Cheyenne Memories (ISBN 0300073003) by John Stands in Timber, and Marie Sandoz's famous Cheyenne Autumn (ISBN 0803292120). Another brief history can be found in Dee Brown's Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee. Dee Brown ( February 29, 1908 – December 12, 2002) was an American novelist and historian. ... Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee, first published in 1970, is a history of Native Americans in the American West in the late nineteenth century, and their displacement and slaughter by the United States. ...