NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Northern Thrace

Thrace (Greek Θρᾴκη, Thrákē, Bulgarian Тракия, Trakija, Turkish Trakya; Latin: Thracia or Threcia) is a historical and geographic area in southeast Europe. Today the name Thrace designates a region spread over southern Bulgaria (Northern Thrace), northeastern Greece (Western Thrace), and European Turkey (Eastern Thrace). Thrace borders on three seas: the Black Sea, the Aegean Sea and the Sea of Marmara. In Turkey it is also called Rumeli. Ancient Thrace (i.e. the territory where ethnic Thracians lived) also included present day northern Bulgaria and parts of eastern Serbia and eastern Macedonia. Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... World map showing Europe Europe is conventionally considered one of the seven continents which, in this case, is more a cultural and political distinction than a physiogeographic one. ... Western Thrace is the part of the region of Thrace located between the rivers Nestos (Mesta) and Evros (Maritza) in northeastern Greece (in the periphery of East Macedonia and Thrace) with an approximate area of 8,200 km², bordered by Bulgaria to the north, Turkey to the east, and the... Prominent issues in Greek foreign policy include a dispute over the name of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, the enduring Cyprus problem, Greek-Turkish differences over the Aegean, and relations with the USA. The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Greek refusal to recognize the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia... Map of the Black Sea. ... The Aegean Sea. ... Map of the Sea of Marmara Satellite view of the Sea of Marmara The Sea of Marmara (Turkish: Marmara Denizi, Modern Greek: Î˜Î¬Î»Î±ÏƒÏƒÎ± Ï„Î¿Ï… ÎœÎ±ÏÎ¼Î±ÏÎ¬ or Î ÏÎ¿Ï€Î¿Î½Ï„Î¯Î´Î±) (also known as the Sea of Marmora or the Marmara Sea) is an inland sea that connects the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea, thus separating the... Map of Rumelia as of 1801 Rumelia (or Roumelia) (in Turkish Rumeli, the East Roman or Byzantine Empire), a name commonly used, from the 15th century onwards, to denote the part of the Balkan Peninsula subject to the Ottoman Empire. ... The Republic of Serbia (Serbian: Ð ÐµÐ¿ÑƒÐ±Ð»Ð¸ÐºÐ° Ð¡Ñ€Ð±Ð¸Ñ˜Ð°) is a republic in southeastern and central Europe, which is united with Montenegro in a loose commonwealth known as the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. ...

Download high resolution version (2038x1677, 721 KB)Classical Balkans: from Map from rothers Publishers, New York, 1849A Classical Atlas to Illustrate Ancient Geography, Alexander G. Findlay, Harper and B ros. ... Download high resolution version (2038x1677, 721 KB)Classical Balkans: from Map from rothers Publishers, New York, 1849A Classical Atlas to Illustrate Ancient Geography, Alexander G. Findlay, Harper and B ros. ...

Ancient History

The indigenous population of Thrace was a people called Thracians. Divided into separate tribes, the Thracians did not manage to form a lasting political organization until the Odrysian state was founded in the 4th century BC. According to the ancient sources, which are limited, the Thracians were considered a primitive race. The mountainous regions were home to various warlike and ferocious tribes while the plains were apparently more peaceable due to Greek contact and influence. The Thracians were an Indo-European people, inhabitants of Thrace and adjacent lands (present-day Bulgaria, Romania, Republic of Moldova, northeastern Greece, European Turkey and northwestern asiatic Turkey, eastern Serbia and parts of Republic of Macedonia). ... The Odrysian kingdom was a union of Thracian tribes that endured between the 5th century BC and the 3rd century BC. The area included in this kingdom ranged from Romania to northern Greece and Turkey. ... (5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - other centuries) (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium AD) // Events Invasion of the Celts into Ireland Battle of the Allia and subsequent Gaulish sack of Rome 383 BCE Second Buddhist Councel at Vesali. ...

These Indo-European people, while considered barbaric by their refined Greek neighbors, had developed advanced forms of music and poetry and other crafted arts, however. Aligning themselves in petty kingdoms and tribes they never realized any form of national unity except for short dynastic rules in the height of the Greek classical periods. Most people lived simply in small open villages and the concept of the urbanized city wasn't developed until the Roman period. Despite Greek colonization in such areas as Byzantium and Tomi, the Thracians avoided the urban life. Proto-Indo-European Indo-European studies Indo-European is originally a linguistic term, referring to the Indo-European language family. ... Byzantium was an ancient Greek city-state, founded by Greek colonists from Megara in 667 BC and named after their king Byzas. ... Tomis (also called Tomi) was a Greek colony in the province of Scythia on the Black Seas shore, founded around 500 BC for commercial exchanges with local Dacian populations. ...

The Thracians fell early under the cultural influence of the ancient Greeks, preserving till a much later time, however, their language and culture. It also appears from mythological accounts that the Thracians influenced Greek culture from a very early period, with some Thracians even appearing as culture-bearers in some myths. But as non-Greek speakers, they were viewed by the Greeks as barbarians. The first Greek colonies in Thrace were founded in the 6th century BC. // Greek origin of the term Barbarian comes the French barbarien or Medieval Latin barbarinus, from Latin barbaria, from Latin barbarus, from the ancient Greek word Î²Î¬ÏÎ²Î±ÏÎ¿Ï‚ (barbaros) which meant a non-Greek, someone whose (first) language was not Greek. ... Colonies in antiquity were city-states founded from a mother-city, not from a territory-at-large. ... (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) // Overview The 5th and 6th centuries BC were a time of empires, but more importantly, a time of learning and philosophy. ...

Throughout the 6th century BC, Thracian infantry was heavily recruited by Greek states and large deposits of gold and silver were mined.

Thrace south of the Danube (except for the land of the Bessi) was ruled for nearly half a century by the Persians under Darius the Great who conducted an expedition into the region from 513 BC to 512 BC. The Danube (German: , Slovak: Dunaj, Hungarian: , Croatian: Dunav, Serbian: Ð”ÑƒÐ½Ð°Ð²/Dunav, Bulgarian: Ð”ÑƒÐ½Ð°Ð², Romanian: , Ukrainian: , Latin: Danuvius) is Europes second-longest river (after the Volga). ... The Bessi were an independent Thracian tribe who lived in a territory ranging from Moesia to Mount Rhodope in southern Thrace, but are often mentioned as dwelling about Haemus, the mountain range that separates Moesia from Thrace. ... The term Persian Empire refers to a series of historical empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau. ... Seal of Darius I, showing the king hunting on his chariot, and the symbol of Ahuramazda Darius the Great (Pers. ... Centuries: 7th century BC - 6th century BC - 5th century BC Decades: 560s BC - 550s BC - 540s BC - 530s BC - 520s BC - 510s BC - 500s BC - 490s BC - 480s BC - 470s BC - 460s BC Events and Trends Establishment of the Roman Republic March 12, 515 BC - Construction is completed on the... Centuries: 7th century BC - 6th century BC - 5th century BC Decades: 560s BC - 550s BC - 540s BC - 530s BC - 520s BC - 510s BC - 500s BC - 490s BC - 480s BC - 470s BC - 460s BC Events and Trends Establishment of the Roman Republic March 12, 515 BC - Construction is completed on the...

Before the expansion of the kingdom of Macedon, Thrace was divided into three camps (East, Central, and West) after the withdrawal of the Persians. A notable ruler of the East Thracians was the overking Kersobleptas, who repeatedly tried to unify the Thracian tribes, become a Satrap of Persia, and conquer Greece. He was eventually defeated, ending the aim of a purely 'Thracian' Kingdom. The Vergina Sun, a symbol associated with the Macedonian kingdom Macedon or Macedonia (from Greek ; see also List of traditional Greek place names) was the name of an ancient kingdom located in the northern-most part of ancient Greece, bordering the kingdom of Epirus on the west and the region... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

The region was conquered by Philip II of Macedon in the 4th century BC and was ruled by the kingdom of Macedon for a century and a half. During the Macedonian Wars, conflict between Rome and Thracia was inevitable. The destruction of the ruling parties in Macedonia destabilized their authority over Thrace and its tribal authorities began to act once more on their own accord. After the battle of Pydna in 168 BC, Roman authority over Macedonia seemed inevitable and the governing of Thracia passed to Rome. Neither the Thracians nor the Macedonians had yet resolved themselves to Roman dominion, and several revolts took place during this period of transition. The revolt of Andriskus in 149 BC, as an example, drew the bulk of its support from Thracia. Several incursions by local tribes into Macedonia continued for many years, though there were tribes who willingly allied themselves to Rome, such as the Deneletae and the Bessi. Philip II of Macedonia (382 BCâ€“336 BC; in Greek Î¦Î¹Î»Î¹Ï€Ï€Î¿Ï‚, transliterated Philippos) was the King of Macedonia from 359 BC until his death. ... The Vergina Sun, a symbol associated with the Macedonian kingdom Macedon or Macedonia (from Greek ; see also List of traditional Greek place names) was the name of an ancient kingdom located in the northern-most part of ancient Greece, bordering the kingdom of Epirus on the west and the region... The Macedonian Wars were a series of four wars between ancient Rome, its allies, and Macedon. ... The Bessi were an independent Thracian tribe who lived in a territory ranging from Moesia to Mount Rhodope in southern Thrace, but are often mentioned as dwelling about Haemus, the mountain range that separates Moesia from Thrace. ...

The next century and a half saw the slow development of Thracia into a permanent Roman client state. The Sapaei tribe came to the forefront initially under the rule of Rhascuporis. He was known to have granted assistance to both Pompey and Caesar, and later supported the Republican armies against Antonius and Octavian in the final days of the Republic. The familiar heirs of Rhascuporis were then as deeply tied into political scandal and murder as was their Roman masters. A series of royal assassinations altered the ruling landscape for several years in the early Roman imperial period. Various factions took control, with the support of the Roman Emperor. The turmoil would eventually stop with one final assassination. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... A bust of Julius Caesar. ... See also Roman Republic (18th century) and Roman Republic (19th century). ... Antonius (fem. ... Augustus Caesar The title Caesar Augustus, given to every emperor of the Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire, originates from this person. ...

In 279 BC, Celtic Gauls advanced into Macedonia, Southern Greece and Thrace. They were soon forced out of Macedonia and Southern Greece, but they remained in Thrace until the end of the century. From Thrace, three Celtic tribes advanced into Anatolia and formed a new kingdom called Galatia. Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 320s BC 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC - 270s BC - 260s BC 250s BC 240s BC 230s BC 220s BC 284 BC 283 BC 282 BC 281 BC 280 BC - 279 BC - 278 BC 277 BC 276... This article is about the European people. ... Gallia (in English Gaul) is the Latin name for the region of western Europe occupied by present-day France, Belgium, western Switzerland and the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine river. ... Asia Minor lies east of the Bosporus, between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean. ... For the Greek name for Gaul, see Gaul Ancient Galatia was an area in the highlands of central Anatolia (now Turkey). ...

Following the Third Macedonian War, Thracia came to acknowledge Roman authority. The client state of Thracia comprised several different tribes. [1] The Third Macedonian War (171 BC - 168 BC) was a war fought between Rome and King Perseus of Macedon. ... According to the notion of client states, just as a client of a corporation remains dependent on the corporation for a continued supply of products, and just as it is in the companys interest to make expendable products which need to be replaced regularly, client states of the two...

After Roimitalkes III of the Thracian Kingdom of Sapes was murdered in AD 46 by his wife. Thracia was incorporated as an official Roman province to be governed by Procurators, and later Praetorian Prefects. The central governing authority of Rome was based in Perinthus, but regions within the province were uniquely under the command of military subordinates to the governor. The lack of large urban centers made Thracia a difficult place to manage, but eventually the province flourished under Roman rule. However, Romanization was not attempted in the province of Thracia. It is considered that most of the Thracians were Hellenized in these times. Roman authority of Thracia rested mainly with the legions stationed in Moesia. The rural nature of Thracia's populations, and distance from Roman authority, certainly inspired the presence of local troops to support Moesia's legions. Over the next few centuries, the province was periodically and increasingly attacked by migrating Germanics. The reign of Justinian saw the construction of over 100 legionary fortresses to supplement the defense. Sapes is the second largest city in the Rhodope prefecture of Greece. ... For alternate uses, see Number 46. ... A promagistrate is a person who acts in and with the authority and capacity of a magistrate, but without holding a magisterial office. ... The Praetorian Guard (sometimes Prætorian Guard) (in Latin: praetoriani) comprised a special force of bodyguards used by Roman emperors. ... A prefect (from the Latin praefectus, perfect participle of praeficio, to make in front, i. ... Perinthus (Turkish Eski Eregli, old Heraclea) was an ancient town of Thrace, on the Propontis, 22 miles west of Selymbria, strongly situated on a small peninsula on the bay of that name. ... The term Hellenistic (established by the German historian Johann Gustav Droysen) in the history of the ancient world is used to refer to the shift from a culture dominated by ethnic Greeks, however scattered geographically, to a culture dominated by Greek-speakers of whatever ethnicity, and from the political dominance... In ancient geography, Moesia was a district inhabited chiefly by Thracian peoples. ... Justinian may refer to: Justinian I, a Roman Emperor; Justinian II, a Byzantine Emperor; Justinian, a storeship sent to the convict settlement at New South Wales in 1790. ... The Roman legion (from Latin legio, from legere - to collect) was the basic military unit of ancient Rome. ...

Culture

The Thracian tribesmen, barbarous, hardy, and inured to war were much used as mercenaries by the Greek kings of Syria, Pergamum, Bithynia, etc. Thracian mercenaries were always in demand, as they were fierce fighters, although a bit expensive at times, and liable to switch sides. Thracians were considered by most to be the most ferocious fighters, especially in regions similar to their own rocky hills. The principal Thracian weapons in the fifth and fourth centuries were the spear and the knife. Much earlier Thracian infantry had been armed with axes, while their leaders rode chariots. Thracian light infantry could be armed with javelins, slings, or bows, with the first predominating. Thracian warriors, particularly the hillmen, were especially famous for an unusual weapon which combined elements of sword, sickle and polearm, which was called the Rhomphaia, and was carried increasingly by Thracian infantry in the centuries following Alexander the Great's death until it became a trademark of the mercenary Thracian peltast. Even the Romans dreaded this fearsome weapon. Cavalry armament for all Thracians except the Getae consisted of 2 cornel wood javelins that could be thrust with or thrown, plus the usual Kopis. The Getae often used bows instead of javelins, and the akinakes instead of the kopis. Thracian tribes also used more exotic weapons such as spiked axles, or carts rolled down steep hills. Thracians were known for their hit and run tactics consisting of random melee attacks followed by quick retreats. The backbone of the Thracian military were the Thracian Peltast, a type of light infantry that was equally at home fighting hand-to-hand and at a distance (throwing javelins). Peltast were unarmoured except for their curved shields. They carried some form of short sword or melee weapon and an assortment of javelins. The wealthy nobility wore helmets with pointed tops in order to accommodate their top-knot hairstyles. This article does not cite its references or sources. ... A peltast was a type of light infantry in Ancient Greece who often served as skirmishers. ...

Also, the Thracians were extremely patralineal. Apart from practicing polygamy, men considered women placed on earth to pleasure men. Thracians considered death an honor and accepted it as a natural part of life. The Thracians were extremely proud people. If a man's father was murdered, it was considered practical to slaughter the murderer, his family (extended), and his livestock. Also, upon the death of a husband, the wives would fight over who was loved more by the deceased. Usually determined by the winner of a match to the death. The wives would tie their left legs together and fight with strips of cowhide and a staff. The winner of this deathmatch would then commit suicide and be given the honor of being buried at the right hand of her husband.

Medieval History

By the mid 5th century, as the Roman Empire began to crumble, Thracia fell from the authority of Rome and into the hands of the Germanics. With the fall of Rome, Thracia turned into a battleground territory for the better part of the next 1,000 years. The true successor of the Roman Empire in the Balkans, the Byzantine Empire, retained control over Thrace until the beginning of the 9th century when most of the region was incorporated into Bulgaria. Byzantium regained Thrace in 972 only to lose it again to the Bulgarians at the end of the 12th century. Throughout the 13th century and the first half of the 14th century, the region oscillated between Bulgaria and the Byzantine Empire. In 1352, the Ottoman Turks conducted their first incursion into the region subduing it completely within a matter of two decades and ruling over it for five centuries. For other uses, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). ... ... Byzantine Empire (Greek: ) is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ... As a means of recording the passage of time the 9th century was that century that lasted from 801 to 900. ... Events Otto II marries Theophanu, Byzantine princess. ... (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. ... (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... This 14th-century statue from south India depicts the gods Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right). ... Events June 4 - Glarus joins the Swiss Confederation. ... Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) Devlet-i Ebed-mÃ¼ddet (the Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power (1683) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Sogut (1299-1326), Bursa (1326-1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Ä°stanbul (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanli Dynasty...

Modern History

In 1878, Northern Thrace was incorporated into the semi-autonomous Ottoman province of Eastern Rumelia, which united with Bulgaria in 1885. The rest of Thrace was divided between Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey at the beginning of the 20th century, following the Balkan Wars, World War I and the Greco-Turkish War. Today Thracian is a strong regional identity in both Bulgaria and Greece. 1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Flag of Eastern Rumelia Eastern Rumelia or Eastern Roumelia (Bulgarian: ; Ottoman Turkish: Rumeli-i Sarki; Modern Turkish: Sarki Rumeli, Greek Î‘Î½Î±Ï„Î¿Î»Î¹ÎºÎ® Î¡Ï‰Î¼Ï…Î»Î¯Î±) was an autonomous province in the Ottoman Empire from 1878 to 1885 (nominally to 1908). ... 1885 (MDCCCLXXXV) is a common year starting on Thursday. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... The outcome as of April 1913 Boundaries on the Balkans after the First and the Second Balkan War (1912-1913) Distribution of races in the Balkan Peninsula and Asia Minor in 1923, Historical Atlas by William R. Shepherd, New York (The map does not reflect the results of the 1923... Combatants Allies: â€¢ Serbia, â€¢ Russia, â€¢ France, â€¢ Romania, â€¢ Belgium, â€¢ British Empire and Dominions, â€¢ United States, â€¢ Italy, â€¢ ...and others Central Powers: â€¢ Germany, â€¢ Austria-Hungary, â€¢ Ottoman Empire, â€¢ Bulgaria Casualties 5 million military, 3 million civilian (full list) 3 million military, 3 million civilian (full list) World War I, also known as the First World... The name Greco-Turkish War is given to two armed conflicts between Greece and Turkey or its predecessor the Ottoman Empire: The Greco-Turkish War of 1897 (also called the Thirty Days War) The Greco-Turkish War of 1919-1922 (also called the War in Asia Minor, and in Turkey...

Cities of Thrace

Bulgarian

Plovdiv (Bulgarian: ÐŸÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð´Ð¸Ð²) is the second largest city in Bulgaria, with a population of 351,000 citizens. ... Pazardzhik region shown within Bulgaria Cathedral Church Sv. ... Stara Zagora (Cyrillic: Ð¡Ñ‚Ð°Ñ€Ð° Ð—Ð°Ð³Ð¾Ñ€Ð°) is a city in southern Bulgaria. ... Sliven (Bulgarian: Ð¡Ð»Ð¸Ð²ÐµÐ½) is a town in southeast Bulgaria. ... Dimitrovgrad is a municipality in the Haskovo region of Southern Bulgaria. ... Location of Kazanlak on a map of Bulgaria Kazanlak (Bulgarian: ÐšÐ°Ð·Ð°Ð½Ð»ÑŠÐº) is a small town in Bulgaria liing at the eastern end of the world-famous Rose Valley. ... Haskovo is the name of a town (and administrative center of the region of the same name) in Southern Bulgaria. ... Burgas (also transliterated as Bourgas; Bulgarian: Ð‘ÑƒÑ€Ð³Ð°Ñ) is the second-largest city on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. ... Pistiros was a major trading center of ancient Thrace, an emporium as much as it was a town. ... Seuthopolis (near Kazanluk) was an ancient city founded by the Thracian king Seuthes the III. It was a small city, built on the site of an earlier settlement. ...

Greek

Alexandroupolis (Greek: Αλεξανδρούπολη) is a city of Greece and the capital of the Evros Prefecture in Thrace. ... Abdera, was a town on the coast of Thrace near the mouth of the Nestos, and almost opposite Thasos. ... A church in Didymoteicho Didymoteicho (or Didimoteixo), (Greek, Modern: Î”Î¹Î´Ï…Î¼ÏŒÏ„ÎµÎ¹Ï‡Î¿, Ancient/Katharevousa: Î”Î¹Î´Ï…Î¼ÏŒÏ„ÎµÎ¹Ï‡Î¿Î½, meaning twin walls from didymo twin and teicho wall) is a town located in the eastern part of the prefecture of Evros. ... Komotini (or Komotene Greek: ÎšÎ¿Î¼Î¿Ï„Î·Î½Î®) is a town in north-eastern Greece. ... Lavara, (Greek: Λάβαρα) is a town licated in the eastern part of the prefecture of Evros. ... Pythio or Pythion (Greek, Modern: Πύθιο, Ancient/Katharevousa: -on), older form Pithio and Pithion, is a town located in the eastern part of Didymoteicho municipality and the province. ... Orestiada (Greek, Modern: ÎŸÏÎµÏƒÏ„Î¹Î¬Î´Î±, Ancient Katharevousa, Orestias) or Orestias is the northeasternmost and northernmost city of Greece and the capital of the Orestiada Province as well as the Evros prefectures second largest city and province in population. ... Samothrace Samothrace (in Greek: Σαμοθρακη, Samothraki) is an island in Greece, in the northern Aegean Sea. ... Sapes is the second largest city in the Rhodope prefecture of Greece. ... Xanthi (Greek: ÎžÎ¬Î½Î¸Î·) is a city in northern Greece, in the East Macedonia and Thrace periphery. ...

Turkish

Selimiye Mosque, built by Sinan in 1575 Edirne is a city in Thrace, the westernmost part of Turkey, close to the borders with Greece and Bulgaria. ... A bust of Hadrian. ... Combatants Eastern Roman Empire Goths Commanders Valensâ€ Fritigern, Alatheus, Saphrax Strength 15,000 to 30,000 ca. ... For other uses, see Battle of Adrianople (disambiguation). ... This Battle of Adrianople occurred on April 14, 1205 between Bulgarians under Tsar Kaloyan of Bulgaria, and Crusaders under Baldwin I. It was won by the Bulgarians after a skillful ambush. ... KÄ±rklareli (Greek: Saranta Ekklesiai; Bulgarian: Ð›Ð¾Ð·ÐµÐ½Ð³Ñ€Ð°Ð´, Lozengrad) is the capital of KÄ±rklareli Province in the European part of Turkey. ... TekirdaÄŸ or Tekir Dagh, referred to historically as Rodosto (Greek name: Redestos or Rhaedestos), is a city of European Turkey (Eastern Thrace), which during the period of the Ottoman Empire (before the treaty of Sevres in 1920) belonged in the vilayet of Adrianople. ... The location of Istanbul Province Maiden Tower and Historical Peninsula of Istanbul Istanbul (Turkish: Ä°stanbul) (the former Constantinople, Greek: ÎšÏ‰Î½ÏƒÏ„Î±Î½Ï„Î¹Î½Î¿ÏÏ€Î¿Î»Î¹Ï‚) is the largest city in Turkey, and arguably the most important. ... Sestos was an ancient town of the Thracian Chersonese, the modern Gallipoli peninsula in European Turkey. ...

Famous Thracians

Some of these individuals were ethnically Thracian, while others only geographically Thracian. The Thracians were an Indo-European people, inhabitants of Thrace and adjacent lands (present-day Bulgaria, Romania, northeastern Greece, European Turkey and northwestern asiatic Turkey, eastern Serbia and parts of Republic of Macedonia). ...

Greek mythology consists of a large collection of narratives detailing the lives and adventures of a wide variety of gods, goddesses, heroes, and heroines, which were first envisioned and disseminated in an oral-poetic tradition. ... The head of Orpheus, from an 1865 painting by Gustave Moreau. ... A lyre is a stringed musical instrument well known for its use in Classical Antiquity. ... Democritus was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher (born at Abdera in Thrace around 460 BC; died in 370 BC). ... Abdera, was a town on the coast of Thrace near the mouth of the Nestos, and almost opposite Thasos. ... In physics, atomic theory is a theory of the nature of matter. ... Properties For alternative meanings see atom (disambiguation). ... Herodicus (Î‰ÏÃ³Ã°Î¹Ä¸Î¿Ï‚) was a Thracian physician of the fifth century BC, and a native of Selymbria. ... Sports medicine or sport medicine is an interdisciplinary subspecialty of medicine which deals with the treatment and preventive care of athletes, both amateur and professional. ... This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Kirk Douglas in the title role of the 1960 film Spartacus. ... The Buxton Memorial Fountain, celebrating the emancipation of slaves in the British Empire in 1834, London. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 120s BC 110s BC 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC - 70s BC - 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC Years: 78 BC 77 BC 76 BC 75 BC 74 BC - 73 BC - 72 BC 71 BC 70... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 120s BC 110s BC 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC - 70s BC - 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC Years: 76 BC 75 BC 74 BC 73 BC 72 BC - 71 BC - 70 BC 69 BC 68... Pollice Verso, an 1872 painting by Jean-LÃ©on GÃ©rÃ´me, is a well known history painters researched conception of a gladiatorial combat. ... The Roman legion (from Latin legio, from legere - to collect) was the basic military unit of ancient Rome. ... The Third Servile War was an unsuccessful slave uprising against the Romans in Italy, under command of the famous Spartacus. ... Emperor Maximinus Thrax Caius Julius Verus Maximinus (c. ... Roman Emperor is the term historians use to refer to rulers of the Roman Empire, after the epoch conventionally named the Roman Republic. ... Events Maximinus Thrax becomes Roman Emperor. ... Events Carpians invade Moesia, Maximinus Thrax campaigns against them. ... Invasion of the Goths: a late 19th century painting by O. Fritsche portrays the Goths as cavalrymen. ... The Alans, Alani, Alauni or Halani were an Iranian nomadic group among the Sarmatian people, warlike nomadic pastoralists of mixed backgrounds, who spoke an Iranian language and shared, in a broad sense, a common culture. ...

See also

The Odrysian kingdom was a union of Thracian tribes that endured between the 5th century BC and the 3rd century BC. It consisted of present-day Bulgaria, spreading from Romania to northern Greece and Turkey. ... Thrace is a historical region of Greece, Bulgaria and Turkey. ... Map of Rumelia as of 1801 Rumelia (or Roumelia) (in Turkish Rumeli, the East Roman or Byzantine Empire), a name commonly used, from the 15th century onwards, to denote the part of the Balkan Peninsula subject to the Ottoman Empire. ... Location: southeastern Europe and Southwestern Asia (that portion of Turkey west of the Bosporus is geographically part of Europe, and east is part of Asia), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria The largest lake is... Dacia, in ancient geography the land of the Daci, named by the ancient Greeks Getae, was a large district of Central Europe, bounded on the north by the Carpathians, on the south by the Danube, on the west by the Tisa, on the east by the Tyras or Nistru, now... In ancient geography, Moesia was a district inhabited chiefly by Thracian peoples. ... The Vergina Sun, a symbol associated with the Macedonian kingdom Macedon or Macedonia (from Greek ; see also List of traditional Greek place names) was the name of an ancient kingdom located in the northern-most part of ancient Greece, bordering the kingdom of Epirus on the west and the region... Paionia (also Romanized as Paeonia) was, in ancient geography, the land of the Paionians (Gk. ... Dardania was a region encompassing the area of the modern-day southern Serbia, Kosovo, western Macedonia, and parts of northern Albania. ... This is a list of ancient Thracian cities, towns, villages, and fortresses. ... This is a list of traditional Greek place names. ...

Sources

Categories: Ancient Roman provinces | History of Turkey | Geography of Turkey | History of Bulgaria | History of Greece | Thracians Map of the Roman Empire, with the provinces, after AD 120. ... Roman Empire Copyright unknown. ... The Roman Empire 120 AD, the province of Achaea highlighted. ... The Roman Empire ca. ... Roman North Africa The Roman Empire ca. ... Image:REmpire Alpes Cottiae. ... The Roman Empire ca. ... Alpes Poenninae was a Roman Empire province. ... Arabia Petraea Arabia Petraea, also called Provincia Arabia or simply Arabia, was a province of the Roman Empire beginning in the second century; it consisted of the former Nabataean kingdom in modern Jordan, southern modern Syria Sinai, and northwestern Saudi Arabia. ... // Prehistory Archaeologists refer to the Shulaveri-Shomu culture of the central Transcaucasus region, including modern Armenia, as the earliest known prehistoric culture in the area, carbon-dated to roughly 6000 - 4000 BC. However, a recently discovered tomb has been dated to 9000 BC. Another early culture in the Armenian Highland... Roman conquest of Asia minor The Roman province of Asia was the administrative unit added to the late Republic, a Senatorial province governed by a proconsul who was an ex-consul, an honor granted only to Asia and the other rich province of Africa. ... Roman province of Assyria, 120 CE Assyria was a province of the Roman Empire, roughly situated in modern-day northern Iraq. ... This article contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ... Principal sites in Roman Britain Roman Britain refers to those parts of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between 43 and 410 CE. The Romans referred to their province as Britannia. ... Cappadocia in 188 BC In ancient geography, Cappadocia (spelled Kapadokya in Turkish) (Greek: ÎšÎ±Ï€Ï€Î±Î´Î¿ÎºÎ¯Î±; see also List of traditional Greek place names) was an extensive inland district of Asia Minor (modern Turkey). ... Cilicia as Roman province, 120 AD In Antiquity, Cilicia (Ki-LIK-ya) was a region, and often a political unit, on the southeastern coast of Asia Minor (modern Turkey), north of Cyprus. ... A surviving monument of the Commagene in Nemrut National Park Commagene (Greek KÎ¿Î¼Î¼Î±Î³Î·Î½Î· KommagÃªnÃª) was a small kingdom, located in modern south-central Turkey, with its capital at Samosata (modern Samsat, near the Euphrates). ... Corsica et Sardinia is an ancient Roman province including Corsica and Sardinia. ... The Roman Empire ca. ... Booty from Trajans conquest of Dacia Map of the Roman provinces Pannonia, Dalmatia, Moesia, and Dacia The Roman province of Dacia was limited to Transylvania, Banat and Oltenia. ... Dalmatia (Croatian Dalmacija, Italian Dalmazia) is a region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, (mostly) in modern Croatia, spreading between the island of Rab in the northwest and the Bay of Kotor in the southeast. ... Epirus (Greek Î‰Ï€ÎµÎ¹ÏÎ¿Ï‚, Ãpeiros; see also List of traditional Greek place names), is a province or periphery in northwestern Greece, bounded by West Macedonia and Thessaly to the east, by the province of Sterea Ellada (Central Greece) to the south, the Ionian Sea and the Ionian Islands to the west and... For the Greek name for Gaul, see Gaul Ancient Galatia was an area in the highlands of central Anatolia (now Turkey). ... Gallia Aquitania, a province of The Roman Empire Gallia Aquitania, in ancient geography, was a province of the Roman Empire, located in present-day southwest France and bordered by the provinces of Gallia Lugdunensis, Gallia Narbonensis, and Hispania Tarraconensis. ... The Roman Province of Gallia Belgica in 58 BCE The Roman Province of Gallia Belgica around 120 CE Gallia Belgica was a Roman province located in what is now the southern part of the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, northeastern France, and western Germany. ... Roman province of Gallia Lugdunensis, 120 AD Gallia Lugdunensis was a province of the Roman Empire roughly encompassing the regions of Brittany, Normandy and the area around Lutetia Parisiorum (Paris) in what is now the modern country of France. ... Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis, 120 AD Gallia Narbonensis was a Roman province located in what is now Languedoc and Provence, in southern France. ... The Roman province of Germania Inferior, 120 AD Germania Inferior (in English: Lower Germany) was a Roman province located on the left bank of the Rhine, in todays southern Netherlands and western Germany. ... Categories: Historical stubs | Ancient Roman provinces | German history | Germany | History of the Germanic peoples ... Roman province of Hispania Baetica, 120 CE In Hispania, which in Greek is called Iberia, there were three Imperial Roman provinces, Hispania Baetica in the south, Lusitania, corresponding to modern Portugal, in the west, and Hispania Tarraconensis in the north and northeast. ... Baleares was a Roman Empire province. ... Roman province of Lusitania, 120 AD Lusitania, an ancient Roman province approximately including current Portugal (except for the area between the rivers Douro and Minho) and part of modern day western Spain (specifically the present autonomous community Extremadura), named after the Lusitani or Lusitanian people. ... Roman Imperial province of Hispania Tarraconensis, 120 AD Hispania Tarraconensis was one of three Roman provinces in Hispania. ... Iudaea was the name of a Roman province, which extended over Judaea (Palestine). ... In ancient geography, Lycaonia was a large region in the interior of Asia Minor, north of Mount Taurus. ... Lycia is a region on the southern coast of Turkey. ... Mauretania was a Berber kingdom on the Mediterranean coast of north Africa (named after the Mauri tribe, after whom the Moors were named), corresponding to western Algeria and northern Morocco. ... In ancient geography, Moesia was a district inhabited chiefly by Thracian peoples. ... Noricum in ancient geography was a province of the Roman Empire. ... Numidia was an ancient African Berber kingdom and later a Roman province on the northern coast of Africa between the province of Africa (where Tunisia is now) and the province of Mauretania (which is now the western part of Algerias coastal area). ... Osroene (also: Osrohene, Osrhoene; Syriac: Ü¡Ü ÜŸÜ˜Ü¬Ü Ü•Ü’ÜÜ¬ Ü¥Ü£ÜªÜ Ü¥ÜÜ¢Ü¶Ü), also known by the name of its capital city, Edessa (modern Sanli Urfa, in Syriac: ÜÜ˜ÜªÜ—Ü), was one of several kingdoms arising from the dissolution of the Seleucid Empire. ... Position of the Roman province of Pannonia Pannonia is an ancient country bounded north and east by the Danube, conterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia. ... Pamphylia, in ancient geography, was the region in the south of Asia Minor, between Lycia and Cilicia, extending from the Mediterranean to Mount Taurus. ... Pisidia was an inland region in southern Anatolia. ... After the colonisation of the Anatolian shores by the Ionian Greeks, Pontus soon became a name which was applied, in ancient times, to extensive tracts of country in the northeast of Asia Minor (modern Turkey) bordering on the Euxine (Black Sea), which was often called simply Pontos (the Main), by... The Roman Empire ca. ... Sicilia (Latin) was the name given to the first province acquired by the Roman Republic in its rise to Empire, organised in 241 BCE as a proconsular governed territory in the aftermath of the First Punic War with Carthage. ... Sophene was a Roman Empire province. ... Thrace is a historical and geographic area in south-east Europe spread over southern Bulgaria, north-eastern Greece, and European Turkey. ...

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