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Noucentisme (noucentista being its adjective) is a Catalan cultural movement of the early 20th century that originated largely as a reaction against Modernisme, both in art and ideology, and was, simultaneously, a perception of art almost opposite to that of avantgardists. In 1906 Eugeni d'Ors coined the term following the Italian tradition of naming styles after the centuries (ie. Quattrocento, Cinquecento, etc.) and using the phonetically exact words nou (nine) and nou (new) to suggest it was a renovation movement. The same year two essential works for Noucentisme were published: "Els fruits saborosos" by poet Josep Carner and "La nacionalitat catalana" by the Conservative politician Enric Prat de la Riba. Catalan IPA: (català ) is a Romance language, the official language of Andorra and co-official in the Spanish autonomous communities of Balearic Islands, Valencia (under the name Valencian) and Catalonia. ...
Catalan grammar is the grammar of the Catalan language. ...
// Diachronical Phonological Features in Relation to Latin Several characteristic features of Catalan as a Romance language: Like Occitan, loss of Latin final unstressed vowels, except -a; and then after some of the resulting consonantic groups a support vowel appears, e. ...
The Institut dEstudis Catalans (IEC) is an academic institution. ...
The Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua (Valencian Academy of Language) is an institution created on September 16, 1998, which depends on the Presidency of the Generalitat Valenciana. ...
For other perspectives on the History of Catalonia, see also: History of Europe; History of Spain; History of France; Kings of Aragon; Catalonia (historic territory). ...
History of Spain series Prehistoric Spain Roman Spain Medieval Spain - Visigoths - Al-Andalus - Age of Reconquest Age of Expansion Age of Enlightenment Reaction and Revolution First Spanish Republic The Restoration Second Spanish Republic Spanish Civil War The Dictatorship Transition to Democracy Modern Spain Topics Economic History Military History Social History...
King of Aragons arms in 15th century The Crown of Aragon or Aragonese Empire was the regime of a large portion of what is now Spain, plus numerous Mediterranean possessions, for much of the later Middle Ages. ...
The Treaty of the Pyrenees was a treaty signed in 1659 to end the war between France and Spain that had begun in 1635 during the Thirty Years War. ...
// Origin: The Corts of Barcelona The Catalan constitutions were promulgated by the Corts of Barcelona (corts being the Catalan for courts). ...
The Nueva Planta decrees (Spanish:Decretos de Nueva Planta, Catalan: Decrets de Nova Planta) were a number of decrees signed between 1707 and 1716 by Philip V—the first Bourbon king of Spain—shortly after the end of the War of the Spanish Succession. ...
Map of Catalan Countries with current political borders Països catalans is a political invention, not much older than a century, elaborated by politicians and ideologists of Catalonia who dreamed with a Great Catalonia independent of Spain and formed by the catalan counties (Catalonia), the French Roussillon, a band of...
Capital Barcelona Official languages Catalan,Spanish,Aranese Area – Total – % of Spain Ranked 6th 32 114 km² 6,3% Population – Total (2005) – % of Spain – Density Ranked 2nd 6 995 206 15,9% 217,82/km² GDP Total (2004) GDP: €157,124 billion GDP per /capita: $26,550 (4nd) Demonym – English – Catalan...
Capital Valencia Official languages Valencian (Catalan) and Castillian (Spanish) Area – total – % of Spain Ranked 8th 23,255 km² 4,6% Population – Total (2003) – % of Spain – Density Ranked 4th 4,692,449 10,6% 201. ...
Capital Palma de Mallorca Official languages Catalan and Spanish Area – Total – % of Spain Ranked 17th 4 992 km² 1,0% Population – Total (2003) – % of Spain – Density Ranked 14th 916 968 2,2% 183,69/km² Demonym – English – Catalan – Spanish Balearic balear balear Statute of Autonomy March 1, 1983 ISO 3166...
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The Franja de Ponent (Catalan for Western Strip) refers to four comarques in the east of the Autonomous Community of Aragon, which are historically and linguistically Catalan, in contrast to the Castillian- (and historically Aragonese-) speaking areas of western Aragon. ...
Alghero (LAlguer in Catalan and SAlighera in Sardinian), is a town of about 35,000 inhabitants (down from 54,300 inhabitants since early 20th century). ...
The Generalitat de Catalunya (Government of Catalonia ) is the institution in which the self-government of Catalonia is politically organised. ...
Capital Valencia Official languages Valencian (Catalan) and Spanish (Castilian) Area – total – % of Spain Ranked 8th 23 255 km² 4,6% Population – Total (2003) – % of Spain – Density Ranked 4th 4 326 708 10,3% 186,05/km² Demonym – English – Valencian – Spanish Valencian valencià/valenciana valenciano/valenciana Statute of Autonomy July 10...
National motto: Virtus Unita Fortior (Latin: Virtue united is stronger) Official language: Catalan Capital: - Population: - Coordinates: Andorra la Vella 22,035 (1990 est. ...
The General Council of the Valleys (in Catalan, Consell General de les Valls) is the unicameral parliament of Andorra. ...
Castells are human towers that are traditionally built during festivals in many places in Catalonia, Spain. ...
Correfocs in Barcelona Catalonias festivals and traditions unify Catalan society and help to give it its particular character. ...
The sardana (Catalan plural sardanes) is a type of circle dance typical of Catalonia. ...
A traditional Catalan caganer from the front. ...
The Tió de Nadal (roughly Christmas log), also known as Tió or Tronca (log), is a mythological character in Catalan mythology relating to a Christmas tradition widespread in Catalonia. ...
Catalan myths and legends are the traditional myths and legends of the Catalan-speaking world, especially Catalonia itself, passed down for generations as part of that regions popular culture. ...
Catalan-language writers Gabriel Alomar Vicent Andrés Estellés Pere Calders Salvador Espriu i Castelló Joan Fuster Manuel de Pedrolo i Molina J.V. Foix Maria de la Pau Janer Joan Maragall i Gorina Miquel Martà i Pol Jesús Moncada Jesús Montcada i Estruga Quim Monzó Teresa...
Antoni Gaudà i Cornet (25 June 1852 – 10 June 1926) was a Catalan architect of the Modernisme (Art Nouveau) movement famous for his unique style and highly individualistic designs. ...
Modernisme in Catalan, (not to be confused with modernism) is the Catalan variant of Art Nouveau. ...
The Renaixença was a late 19th century romantic revivalist movement in Catalan language and culture. ...
Salvador Felip Jacint Dalà Domènech (Catalan) Salvador Felipe Jacinto Dalà Domènech (Spanish), (May 11, 1904 – January 23, 1989) was a Spanish artist who became one of the most important painters of the 20th century. ...
Joan Miró photo taken by Carl Van Vechten, June, 1935 Joan Miró i Ferrá (April 20, 1893 – December 25, 1983) was a Catalan painter, sculptor and ceramist born in Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain). ...
Catalan can mean: the Catalan language inhabitant of Catalonia Eugène Charles Catalan the mathematician a Catalan solid Catalan numbers the Catalan Opening, a chess opening the Catalan forge, a type of open hearth furnace that was a precursor to the blast furnace There is also information on Catalan names. ...
(19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the...
Modernisme in Catalan, (not to be confused with modernism) is the Catalan variant of Art Nouveau. ...
Venus de Milo exhibited in the Louvre museum, France. ...
An ideology is an organized collection of ideas. ...
A work similar to Marcel Duchamps Fountain Avant garde (written avant-garde) is a military practice of deploying an Advanced Guard, a small troop of highly-skilled soldiers which would explore terrain ahead of a large advancing army and plot the course the army would follow. ...
1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...
This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
Look up poetry in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Josep Carner i Puig-Oriol (born Barcelona 1884 - died Brussels 1970), was a Catalan poet, journalist, playwright and translator. ...
Conservatism or political conservatism is any of several historically related political philosophies or political ideologies. ...
In the arts Despite sharing some similarities, it opposed Modernisme, the previous movement, and the radical and individualist views and Bohemian lifestyle most of its proponents engaged in. Noucentisme glorified order and what they saw as the spirit of the 20th century and an idealist expectancy of change. Novel was largely excluded in favour of poetry, which was more useful to convey the spirit of the style. The style as a whole shows a predilection for a Classicist approach, Europeanism, Modernism and a struggle to perfect the literary style of language. Artists and politicians were close collaborators. The term Radical (latin radix meaning root) has been used since the late 18th century as a label in political science for those favoring or trying to produce thoroughgoing or extreme political reforms which can include changes to the social order to a greater or lesser extent. ...
Individualism is a moral, political, and social philosophy, which emphasizes individual liberty, the primary importance of the individual, and the virtues of self-reliance and personal independence. It assumes that a person can be socially and culturally free of upbringing: deep-structure language(s), family(s) of origin, and both...
Though a Bohemian is a native of the Czech province of Bohemia, a secondary meaning for bohemian emerged in 19th century France. ...
Look up poetry in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
A derivative or related concept and attitude to nationalism, Europeanism asserts or expects that the people of Europe, most especially the citizens of the European Union have already a collective identity, or are developing a collective identity with the passage of time. ...
Modernism is a cultural movement that generally includes the progressive art and architecture, music, literature and design which emerged in the decades before 1914. ...
Its main defining features in poetry are a return to Apollonian classicism, a very refined and accurate language, objectivity and rejection of abrupt feelings and a particular interest in nature. Its stylistical origins in the tradition started by Josep Torras i Bages, the Escola Mallorquina ("Majorcan School") leaded by the Conservative Joan Alcover and the priest Miquel Costa i Llovera, the French Parnassian poetry and the Symbolists are obvious in most of the works produced in the period that spans from 1906 to 1923 (approx.). The Vienna Secession was a key influence to their ideal of beauty in architecture. The Apollonian and Dionysian is a philosophical and literary concept that is based on certain features of ancient Greek mythology. ...
Classicism door in Olomouc, The Czech Republic Teatr Wielki in Warsaw Church La Madeleine in Paris Classicism, in the arts, refers generally to a high regard for classical antiquity, as setting standards for taste which the classicist seeks to emulate. ...
The Parnassians were a group of 19th-century French poets, so called from their journal, the Parnasse contemporain, itself named after Mount Parnassus, home of the Muses in Greek mythology. ...
La mort du fossoyeur (The death of the gravedigger) by Carlos Schwabe is a visual compendium of Symbolist motifs. ...
1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ...
The secession building at Vienna, built in 1897 by Joseph Maria Olbrich for exhibitions of the secession group another view The Vienna Secession or (also known as Secessionsstil, or Sezessionsstil in Austria) was part of that highly varied movement that is now covered by the general term Art Nouveau. ...
The Parthenon on top of the Acropolis, Athens, Greece Architecture (from Latin, architectura and ultimately from Greek, αÏχιτεκτων, a master builder, from αÏχι- chief, leader and τεκτων, builder, carpenter) is the art and science of designing buildings and structures. ...
Its most prominent adherent, Josep Carner, known as his epithet of "prince of the Catalan poets" and producer of a very elaborate, ornate and baroque-like poetry is still admired because of his beautiful style and refined language. An epithet (Greek - επιθετον and Latin - epitheton; literally meaning imposed) is a descriptive word or phrase. ...
In the following decades, though, the name of the movement has acquired a negative connotation of an excessively affected and artificious literature, just the opposite of Joan Maragall's Romantic theory of "the living word", ie. spontaneity in creation, found in Modernisme. Romanticism was a secular and intellectual movement in the history of ideas that originated in late 18th century Western Europe. ...
In politics Catalonia was the most industrialised and therefore wealthiest region of Spain at the time. A change of attitude towards politics among members of Catalan bourgeoisie helped develope the basis of political pragmatism and idealism in Noucentism. Catalan nationalism was becoming seriously influential in politics for the first time, especially incarned in the right-wing and Catholic party Regionalist League, whose ideal was conducting a number of reforms to reassure the hegemony of the principate in Spain and become more influential in the decision-making in Spanish politics, instead of achieving formal independence, despite having a full national conscience. Following the disagreements that took place between Catalan politicians, intellectuals and, most prominently, the working class of Barcelona after the "disaster" of 1898 and the Rif War, especially after what has come to be known as Setmana Tràgica or Tragic Week in 1909, a segment of the population saw a disengagement from Spain. The Catalan nationalist tradition in the 19th century had relied on Protectionist views held by both the bourgeoisie and the working classes. On the other hand, an anti-liberal and reactionary Carlism that reclaimed its ancient rights and privileges still existed in the countryside and helped give birth, through Vigatanisme, to the emerging right-wing Catalanism. These new Noucentista views had partly assimilated and inherited these ideals, but were in favour of more modern values that represented their faith in (most probably far-fetched) idealist changes. A majority of members of the industrial bourgeoisie of the country supported Regionalist League, which became the most influential party until about 1925. Capital Barcelona Official languages Catalan,Spanish,Aranese Area – Total – % of Spain Ranked 6th 32 114 km² 6,3% Population – Total (2005) – % of Spain – Density Ranked 2nd 6 995 206 15,9% 217,82/km² GDP Total (2004) GDP: €157,124 billion GDP per /capita: $26,550 (4nd) Demonym – English – Catalan...
The term working class is used to denote a social class. ...
Barcelona is the second largest city in the Iberian Peninsula, capital city of Catalonia and the province with the same name. ...
The Tragic Week (in Catalan, la Setmana Trà gica; in Spanish, la Semana Trágica) (July 25-August 2, 1909) is the name used for a series of bloody confrontations between the working classes of Barcelona and other cities of Catalonia, backed by the anarchists, communists and republicans, and the...
1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...
Protectionism is the economic policy of restraining trade between jurisdictions, through methods such as high tariffs on imported goods, restrictive quotas, and anti-dumping measures, in an attempt to protect industries in a particular locale from competition. ...
Reactionary (or reactionist) is a political epithet typically applied to extreme ideological conservatism, especially that which wishes to return to a real or imagined old order of things, and which is willing to use coercive means to do so. ...
Carlism is a traditionalist, legitimist political movement in Spain seeking, among other things, the establishment of a separate line of the Bourbon family on the Spanish throne. ...
Modern can simply mean something that is up-to-date, trendy, new, or from the present time. ...
1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ...
Now they had been given the chance, intellectuals of Noucentisme (itself a vehicle of this Conservative, Catholic Catalanism), leaded by Eugeni d'Ors, advocated a project of cultural intervention based on four principles:
Imperialism As in, a conservative and up to date version of the principles of Spanish Regenerationism designed to make Catalonia the leading region of modernization of the Spanish state and society. Modernization is closely linked to classical liberalism. ...
Arbitrarism Or the philosophy naming literary creation a symbol of human will conquering reality. Their particular will could be summed up as an "ideal Catalonia" that would come to replace the "real Catalonia" through two precepts: - Civility - Their vision of an "ideal Catalonia" equalled to that of a Catalan polis ruled on the principles of culture, harmony, a democratic community life and order versus what they saw as the barbaric countryside.
- Classicism - Their interest in an Apollonian Classicism was not only of a literary nature: they desired formal perfection, harmony and flawless proportion to be everywhere. Mediterraneity came to be seen as a synthesis of the Noucentista ideal.
Their intervention in practice was carried out following three goals: A polis (πολις) — plural: poleis (πολεις) — is a city, or a city-state. ...
The word culture, from the Latin colo, -ere, with its root meaning to cultivate, generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activity significance. ...
Democracy is, literally, rule by the people (from the Greek demos, people, and kratos, rule). The methods by which this rule is exercised, and indeed the composition of the people are central to various definitions of democracy, but useful contrasts can be made with oligarchies and autocracies, where political authority...
// The word barbarian generally refers to an uncivilized, uncultured person, either in a general reference to a member of a nation or ethnos perceived as having an inferior level of civilization, or in an individual reference to a brutal, cruel, insensitive person of behavior inacceptable in a civilized society. ...
- A reform of the country based on its ideology.
- Giving the Catalan language a spelling reform.
- Editorial support and cultural infrastructures for Catalan.
They chose Barcelona as the natural centre of all these institutional reforms but the above project was never completely fulfilled, among other reasons because of disagreements between members of Noucentisme, anti-Catalan repression under the rule of dictator Miguel Primo de Rivera (1923-1930) and the consequent rise to popularity and power of left-wing Catalan nationalist and independentist parties. However, a large renovation of Catalan society took place, especially thanks to the reforms done during the existence of the Mancomunitat de Catalunya and Catalan language got its first spelling rules with the Fabrian reform. The creation of institutions in charge of the cultural and official development of Catalan was also promoted. The Bernat Metge Foundation translated Greek and Latin language classics into this language and the Institut d'Estudis Catalans became a [List of language regulators|regulator body]] for Catalan, and also other official institutions with the aim of promoting and making culture widely accessible, such as the Network of Popular Libraries, the Catalan Drama School, the School of Librarians or the Library of Catalonia. Catalan IPA: (català ) is a Romance language, the official language of Andorra and co-official in the Spanish autonomous communities of Balearic Islands, Valencia (under the name Valencian) and Catalonia. ...
Barcelona is the second largest city in the Iberian Peninsula, capital city of Catalonia and the province with the same name. ...
Anti-Catalanism is the collective name given to various political attitudes in Spain. ...
A repressed memory, according to some theories of psychology, a memory (often traumatic) of an event or environment which is stored by the unconscious mind but outside the awareness of the conscious mind. ...
It has been suggested that Dictator be merged into this article or section. ...
Spanish dictator Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, Marqués de Estella (Jerez, January 8, 1870 - Paris, March 16, 1930) was a Spanish military official who ruled Spain as a dictator from 1923 to 1930, ending the turno system of alternating parties. ...
1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ...
1930 (MCMXXX) is a common year starting on Wednesday. ...
In politics, left-wing, political left, leftism, or simply the left, are terms which refer (with no particular precision) to the segment of the political spectrum typically associated with any of several strains of socialism, social democracy, or liberalism (especially in the American sense of the word), or with opposition...
Catalan nationalism, or Catalanism, is a political movement that advocates the political autonomy of Catalonia or the Catalan Countries and in some cases, independence from Spain and France. ...
The blue estelada flag Catalan independentism is a political movement which supports the independence of Catalonia, and nowadays also commonly the whole Catalan Countries, from Spain and France. ...
The Mancomunitat de Catalunya was an institution that grouped the four Catalan diputacions, (or province administrations) created the 6 April of 1914, while the process for its creation futile starts to the 1911. ...
Catalan IPA: (català ) is a Romance language, the official language of Andorra and co-official in the Spanish autonomous communities of Balearic Islands, Valencia (under the name Valencian) and Catalonia. ...
Proper spelling is the writing of a word or words with all necessary letters and diacritics present in an accepted, conventional order. ...
Pompeu Fabra i Poch, (Barcelona 1868 - Prada de Conflent 1948) was a Catalan grammarian, the main author of the normative reform of contemporary Catalan language. ...
Latin was the language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ...
The Institut dEstudis Catalans (IEC) is an academic institution. ...
Prominent members Josep Carner i Puig-Oriol (born Barcelona 1884 - died Brussels 1970), was a Catalan poet, journalist, playwright and translator. ...
Pompeu Fabra i Poch, (Barcelona 1868 - Prada de Conflent 1948) was a Catalan grammarian, the main author of the normative reform of contemporary Catalan language. ...
Casa de les Punxes Palau del Baro de Quadres Josep Puig i Cadafalch (October 15, 1867 - December 21, 1956) was a modernistic Catalan architect who designed many significant buildings in Barcelona. ...
See also - Mancomunitat de Catalunya - Union of the four Catalan provinces (Barcelona, Lleida, Girona and Tarragona) with administrative purposes.
- Lliga Regionalista - large Conservative party with close ties to Noucentisme.
- Modernisme - previous Catalan cultural movement.
- Modernism - not to be confused with the above mentioned.
- Novecentismo - Spanish movement whose name shares the same root but is completely unrelated and more progressist.
The Mancomunitat de Catalunya was an institution that grouped the four Catalan diputacions, (or province administrations) created the 6 April of 1914, while the process for its creation futile starts to the 1911. ...
Barcelona is the second largest city in the Iberian Peninsula, capital city of Catalonia and the province with the same name. ...
La Seu Vella, the Romanesque-Gothic old Cathedral of Lleida Ileida (IPA: Standard Central Catalan [ˈʎejðə] or North-Western Catalan [ˈʎejðɛ]) (Spanish: Lérida (IPA: [ˈleɾiða]) although officially referred as Lleida) is a city in the west of Catalonia, Spain. ...
Houses on the Onyar river in Girona Girona (Catalan: Girona, Spanish: Gerona, French: Gérone) is a city located in the northeast of Catalonia, Spain, at the confluence of the rivers Ter and Onyar. ...
Tarragona Ampitheatre Tarragona is a city located in the south of Catalonia, Spain, by the Mediterranean Sea. ...
Modernisme in Catalan, (not to be confused with modernism) is the Catalan variant of Art Nouveau. ...
Modernism is a cultural movement that generally includes the progressive art and architecture, music, literature and design which emerged in the decades before 1914. ...
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