Rocket Nozzle

A nozzle is a mechanical device designed to control the characteristics of a fluid flow as it exits from an enclosed chamber into some medium. Frequently the goal is to increase the kinetic energy of the flowing medium at the expense of its pressure energy. A nozzle is generally a pipe or tube of varying diameter, and it can be used to direct or modify the flow of a liquid or gas. Nozzles are frequently used to control the rate of flow, direction, and/or the pressure of the stream that emerges from them. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (739x955, 106 KB) Düse einer Ariane Rakete, File links The following pages link to this file: Nozzle ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (739x955, 106 KB) Düse einer Ariane Rakete, File links The following pages link to this file: Nozzle ... A subset of the phases of matter, fluids include liquids, gases, plasmas and, to some extent, plastic solids. ... Kinetic energy (also called vis viva, or living force) is energy possessed by a body by virtue of its motion. ... A liquid will assume the shape of its container. ... Gas (actually, as), the GNU assembler, is the default GCC back-end. ...

Nozzles can be described as convergent (narrowing down from a wide diameter to a smaller diameter in the direction of the flow) or divergent (expanding from a smaller diameter to a larger one). Some nozzles are combinations of both—for example, rocket engines and supersonic jet engines use a nozzle that is usually described as a CD nozzle (for convergent-divergent) first narrowing to a "throat" then expanding again into a "bell". A remote camera captures a close-up view of a Space Shuttle Main Engine during a test firing at the John C. Stennis Space Center in Hancock County, Mississippi Spacecraft propulsion is used to change the velocity of spacecraft and artificial satellites, or in short, to provide delta-v. ... This page is about high speed motion of bodies such as airplanes through air or other fluids. ... A Pratt and Whitney turbofan engine for the F-15 Eagle is tested at Robins Air Force Base, Georgia, USA. The tunnel behind the engine muffles noise and allows exhaust to escape. ... A de Laval nozzle (or convergent-divergent nozzle, CD nozzle or con-di nozzle ) is a tube that is pinched in the middle, making an hourglass-shape. ...

The design of an efficient nozzle can drastically affect the efficiency of a rocket engine. The shape of the nozzle determines how efficiently the expansion of the exhaust gases is converted into linear motion; in particular this determines the exhaust velocity and therefore the specific impulse. For example, the optimal shape of a rocket nozzle depends on the ambient pressure; for rockets travelling from the Earth to orbit, a simple nozzle design is only optimal at one altitude, losing efficiency and wasting fuel at other altitudes. A number of sophisticated designs have been proposed, such as the expanding nozzle, the aerospike, and the plug nozzle which adapt in some way to changing ambient pressure. A remote camera captures a close-up view of a Space Shuttle Main Engine during a test firing at the John C. Stennis Space Center in Hancock County, Mississippi Spacecraft propulsion is used to change the velocity of spacecraft and artificial satellites, or in short, to provide delta-v. ... The specific impulse (commonly abbreviated Isp) of a propulsion system is the impulse (change in momentum) per unit of propellant. ... The expanding nozzle is a type of rocket nozzle that, unlike traditional designs, maintains its efficiency at a wide range of altitudes. ... This article is on the engine technology, unrelated to the frontally mounted drag reduction aerospike as fitted to the Trident missile. ... The plug nozzle is a type of rocket nozzle that, unlike traditional designs, maintains its efficiency at a wide range of altitudes. ...

Magnetic nozzles have also been proposed for some types of propulsion, in which the flow of plasma is directed by magnetic fields instead of walls made of solid matter. The word plasma has a Greek root which means to be formed or molded (the word plastic shares this root). ... Current flowing through a wire produces a magnetic field (M) around the wire. ...

In some areas of Scotland, the nozzle can refer to the nose. Scotland (Alba in Scottish Gaelic) is a country in northwest Europe and a constituent nation of the United Kingdom. ... Human nose Anatomically, a nose is a protuberance in vertebrates that houses the nostrils, or nares, which admit and expel air for respiration. ...