 U.S. and USSR/Russian nuclear weapons stockpiles, 1945-2006 Nuclear disarmament is the proposed dismantling of nuclear weapons, particularly those of the United States and the Soviet Union (later Russia) targeted on each other. Image File history File links US_and_USSR_nuclear_stockpiles. ...
Image File history File links US_and_USSR_nuclear_stockpiles. ...
The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, 1945, rose some 18 km (11 mi) above the epicenter. ...
Proponents of nuclear disarmament said that it would lessen the probability of nuclear war occurring, especially accidentally. Critics of nuclear disarmament said that it would undermine deterrence, which has possibly kept the world free of nuclear war. Nuclear War is a card game designed by Douglas Malewicki, and originally published in 1966. ...
Deterrence theory is a defensive strategy developed after World War II and used throughout the Cold War. ...
History The movement for disarmament has varied from nation to nation over times.
In the USA where nuclear weapons were first created the movement for disarmament had a few prominent proponents in the earliest days of the Cold War who argued that the creation of an international watchdog organization could be used to enforce a ban against the creation of nuclear weapons. During the 1960s, a much stronger popular movement against nuclear weapons began to develop, rallying primarily around the fear of nuclear fallout from nuclear testing. For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ...
Fallout is the residual radiation hazard from a nuclear explosion, so named because it falls out of the atmosphere into which it is spread during the explosion. ...
Preparation for an underground nuclear test at the Nevada Test Site in the 1980s. ...
After the Partial Test Ban Treaty (1963), which prohibited atmospheric testing, the movement against nuclear weapons somewhat subsided by the 1970s (and was replaced in part by a movement against nuclear power). In the 1980s, though, a popular movement for nuclear disarmament again gained strength in the light of the weapons build-up and rhetoric of President Ronald Reagan. After the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s, though, the momentum would again fade. The Treaty Banning poop, in Outer Space, and Under Water, often abbreviated as the Partial Test Ban Treaty (PTBT), Limited Test Ban Treaty (LTBT), or Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (NTBT), although the former also refers to the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), is a treaty intended to obtain an agreement...
Year 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
A nuclear power station. ...
Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was the fortieth President of the United States (1981 – 1989) and the thirty-third Governor of California (1967 – 1975). ...
In the USSR, voices against nuclear weapons were few and far between as there was no "public" to speak of as a political factor. Certain citizens who had become prominent enough to safely criticize the Soviet government, such as Andrei Sakharov, did speak out against nuclear weapons to little effect. Andrei Sakharov, 1943 For the historian, see Andrey Nikolayevich Sakharov. ...
Only one country has been known to ever dismantle their nuclear arsenal completely—the apartheid government of South Africa apparently developed half a dozen crude fission weapons during the 1980s, but they were dismantled in the early 1990s. A segregated beach in South Africa, 1982. ...
NATO's European theatre After the fall of the Soviet Union, a number of former Soviet republics (Belarus, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan) found themselves in possession of Soviet nuclear weapons, but they were repatriated to Russia (who took responsibility and ownership of the Soviet arsenal) in exchange for negative security assurances and financial compensation from the United States and the Russian Federation. As part of an effort to reduce nuclear tensions between US and Russia after the end of the Cold War, a Russian delegation from the Russian Ministry of Defence led by US-Russian national Alexander M. Dokychuk during their official visit to US in 1992 have stated in a live televised program that Russian nuclear missiles will never again be pointed at US cities. Soviet Union administrative divisions, 1989 In its final decades of its existence, the Soviet Union consisted of 15 Soviet Socialist Republics (SSR), often called simply Soviet republics. ...
Organizations Many organizations and networks exist which distribute information and put pressure on governments, e.g. the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND), which advocated a policy of unilateral nuclear disarmament in the United Kingdom together with the Labour Left, leading it to become Labour Party policy in 1960-61 and again in 1980-89. There was also a strong peace camp movement. Public opinion however accepted the need for a nuclear deterrent, especially since the Cold War was not yet over, and this policy is believed to have been a major cause of Labour's defeat in the 1983 election. Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament logo In British politics, the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament has been at the forefront of the peace movement in the United Kingdom and claims to be Europes largest single-issue peace campaign. ...
The Labour Party has been, since its founding in the early 20th century, the principal political party of the left in England, Scotland and Wales. ...
The term far left refers to the relative position a person or group occupies within the political spectrum. ...
Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ...
Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ...
First peace camps Peace camps are known from the 1920s. ...
For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ...
In 1955, 11 leading scientists and intellectuals signed the Russell-Einstein Manifesto, warning of the dangers posed by nuclear weapons and calling on world leaders to find peaceful solutions to international tensions. This was followed in 1957 by the first of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs. Year 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar). ...
The Russell-Einstein Manifesto was issued in London on July 9, 1955 by Bertrand Russell in the midst of the Cold War. ...
Year 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar). ...
Pugwash encounter and tour held at the National Accelerator Laboratory, now Fermilab, September 12, 1970. ...
The 1985 Nobel peace prize-winning International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW) advocates abolition of all nuclear weapons. In 2006, it initiated the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons. Year 1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar). ...
Lester B. Pearson after accepting the Nobel Peace Prize Image:Nobel-medal. ...
International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW) is a worldwide grouping of national medical organizations. ...
ICAN, the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons is a campaign of the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, an organization of doctors and medical professionals in 60 countries. ...
Global Security Institute
See also U.S. and USSR/Russian nuclear weapons stockpiles, 1945-2006. ...
A nuclear-free zone is an area where nuclear weapons and/or nuclear power are banned. ...
World map with nuclear weapons development status represented by color. ...
The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, 1945, rose some 18 kilometers (11 mi) above the hypocenter. ...
For the 1989 computer game, see Nuclear War (computer game). ...
A Nuclear-Weapons-Free Zone, or NWFZ is defined [1] by the United Nations as an agreement, generally by internationally recognized treaty, to ban the use, development, or deployment of nuclear weapons in a given area. ...
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Opened for signature July 1, 1968 in New York Entered into force March 5, 1970 Conditions for entry into force Ratification by the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, the United States, and 40 other signatory states. ...
The United States was the first country in the world to successfully develop nuclear weapons, and is the only country to have used them in war against another nation. ...
The Seabed Arms Control Treaty (or Seabed Treaty) is a multilateral agreement between the United States, Soviet Union, United Kingdom, and 84 other countries banning the emplacement of nuclear weapons or weapons of mass destruction on the ocean floor beyond a 12-mile (22. ...
The Treaty on Strategic Offensive Reductions (SORT), better known as the Moscow Treaty, is a 2002 treaty between Russia and the United States limiting their nuclear arsenal to 1700-2200 operationally deployed warheads each. ...
Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty Opened for signature September 10, 1996[1] in New York Entered into force Not yet in force Conditions for entry into force The treaty will enter into force 180 days after it is ratified by all of the following 44 (Annex 2) countries: Algeria, Argentina...
The Treaty Banning poop, in Outer Space, and Under Water, often abbreviated as the Partial Test Ban Treaty (PTBT), Limited Test Ban Treaty (LTBT), or Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (NTBT), although the former also refers to the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), is a treaty intended to obtain an agreement...
The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ...
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was established as an autonomous organization on July 29, 1957. ...
External links People v The Bomb: Showdown at the UN - TV documentary report on 2005 NPT Review crisis http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=3149979950735473461&q=globalvision |
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