Guru Rinpoche - Padmasambhava statue - near Kullu, India

The Nyingma tradition is the oldest of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism (the other three being the Kagyu, Sakya and Gelug). "Nyingma" literally means "ancient," and is often referred to as the "school of the ancient translations" or the "old school" because it is founded on the first translations of Buddhist scriptures from Sanskrit into Tibetan, in the eighth century. In modern times the Nyingma lineage has been centered in Kham in eastern Tibet. The Tibetan language is spoken primarily by the Tibetan people who live across a wide area of eastern Central Asia bordering South Asia, as well as by large number of Tibetan refugees all over the world. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... The Wylie transliteration scheme is a method for transliterating the Tibetan script using the keys on a typical English language typewriter. ... Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... The Peoples Republic of Chinas Tibetan Pinyin (Chinese: ; pinyin: Zàngwén PÄ«nyÄ«n; Tibetan: བོད་ཡིག་གི་སྒྲ་སྦྱོར་) is the official transcription system for the Tibetan language in China. ... For the Chinese civilization, see China. ... The THDL Simplified Phonetic Transcription of Standard Tibetan (or THDL Phonetic Transcription for short) is a system for the phonetic rendering of the Tibetan language. ... Traditional Chinese characters refers to one of two standard sets of printed Chinese characters. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Pinyin, more formally called Hanyu Pinyin (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the most common variant of Standard Mandarin romanization system in use. ... A picture I, John Hill, took in 2004 at the new Urgyen Sanag Choling Gompa (dedicated by H.H. The Dalai Lama on 8 June, 2004), near Kulu, H.P., India. ... A picture I, John Hill, took in 2004 at the new Urgyen Sanag Choling Gompa (dedicated by H.H. The Dalai Lama on 8 June, 2004), near Kulu, H.P., India. ... Kullu is the capital town of the Kullu district, in the state of Himachal Pradesh, India. ... Tibetan Buddhism is the body of religious Buddhist doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet, the Himalayan region (including northern Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim and Ladakh), Mongolia, Buryatia, Tuva and Kalmykia (Russia), and northeastern China (Manchuria: Heilongjiang, Jilin). ... The Kagyu (Tibetan: བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་; Wylie: Bka-brgyud) school, also known as the Oral Lineage and the Spotless Practice Lineage school, is one of four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism, the other three being Nyingma (Rnying-ma), Sakya (Sa-skya), and Gelug (Dge-lugs). ... Sakya is one of four major schools (Nyingma, Sakya, Kagyu and Gelug) in Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana). ... The Geluk (dge lugs) School was founded by Tsongkhapa (1357-1419), Tibets best known religious reformer and arguably its greatest philosopher. ... The Sanskrit language ( , for short ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ... The Tibetan language is spoken primarily by the Tibetan people who live across a wide area of eastern Central Asia bordering South Asia, as well as by large number of Tibetan refugees all over the world. ... Kham (Wylie transliteration: Khams, Tibetan: ཁམས, Simplified Chinese: 康, Pinyin: Kāng) province is one of several provinces comprising traditional Tibet (the others Amdo and Ãœ-Tsang). ...

The Nyingma tradition actually comprises several distinct lineages that all trace their origins back to the Indian master Padmasambhava (Sanskrit for "lotus-born"; Tib. Guru Rinpoche, "precious teacher"), the legendary founder of Tibetan Buddhism. Historically, Nyingmapa are categorised into Red Sangha and White Sangha. Red Sangha denotes a celibate, monastic practitioner; whereas White Sangha denotes liberation or abstention from such vows. Guru Rinpoche - Padmasambhava statue - near Kullu, India Guru Rinpoche, the patron saint of Sikkim. ...

Nyingma maintains the earliest Vajrayana teachings. The other three schools are known collectively as Sarma or "new translation" schools, having arisen from a second wave of translation. Followers of the tradition are known as Nyingmapa "pa" being a common suffix comparable to "er" or "ite" in English. This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... In Tibetan Buddhism, the Sarma (new translation) schools include the three newest of the four main schools, comprising: Kagyu Sakya Kadam/Geluk The Nyingma school is the sole Kama, or old translation, school. ...

History

Origins

Around 760, King Trisong Detsen invited Padmasambhava and the Nalanda University abbot Shantarakshita (Tibetan Shiwatso) to Tibet to introduce Buddhism in the "Land of Snows." At this point in time, Bön, the indigenous spiritual tradition of Tibet, purports to have been in place for some 16,000 ^{[citation needed]} years in the huge region part of which we now call Tibet. King Trisong Detsen ordered the translation of all Buddhist Dharma Texts into Tibetan. Padmasambhava, Shantarakshita, 108 translators, and 25 of Padmasambhava's nearest disciples worked for many years in a gigantic translation-project. The translations from this period formed the base for the large scriptural transmission of dharma teachings into Tibet. Padmasambhava supervised mainly the translation of Tantra; Shantarakshita concentrated on the Sutra-teachings. Padmasambhava and Shantarakshita also founded the first Buddhist monastery Samye on Tibetan ground. It was the main center for dharma transmission in Tibet during this age. Events Maya civilization city of Dos Pilas is abandoned. ... Trisong Detsen (Wylie Khri-srong lDe-btsan) was the 38th King of Tibet, ruling from 755 until 797. ... Guru Rinpoche - Padmasambhava statue - near Kullu, India Guru Rinpoche, the patron saint of Sikkim. ... This article is about the ancient town and university. ... Shantarakshita was an Indian sage, abbot of Nalanda University, a great center of Buddhist scholarship. ... Bön[1] (Tibetan: བོན་; Wylie: bon; Lhasa dialect IPA: [) is the oldest spiritual tradition of Tibet. ... For other uses, see Dharma (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Dharma (disambiguation). ... The Sri Yantra This article is an overview of Tantra and an in-depth look at the Tantra of Hinduism. ... SÅ«tra (sex) (Sanskrit) or Sutta (Pāli) literally means a rope or thread that holds things together, and more metaphorically refers to an aphorism (or line, rule, formula), or a collection of such aphorisms in the form of a manual. ... A view of Samye from above Wikimedia Commons has multimedia related to: Samye Categories: Buddhism-related stubs | Tibet | Buddhist temples ...

25 disciples

The miracle-powers of the 25 disciples of Padmasambhava are widely accepted among Tibetan Buddhists. These disciples were: King Trisong Detsen, Namkhai Nyingpo, Nub Chen Sangye Yeshe, Gyalwa Choyang, the princess of Karchen Khandro Yeshe Tsogyal, Palgyi Yeshe, Palgyi Senge, the great translator Vairotsana, Nyak Jnanakumara, Gyalmo Yudra Nyingpo, Nanam Dorje Dudjom, Yeshe Yang, Sokpo Lhapal, Nanam Zhang Yeshe De, Palgyi Wangchuk, Denma Tsémang, Kawa Paltsek, Shupu Palgyi Senge, Dré Gyalwe Lodro, Drokben Khyenchung Lotsawa, Otren Palgyi Wangchuk, Ma Rinchen Chok, Lhalung Palgyi Dorje, Langdro Konchog Jungné and Lasum Gyalwa Changchup. Trisong Detsän (Tibetan: ཁྲི་སྲོང་ལྡེ་བཙན་; Wylie: Khri-srong Lde-btsan; ZWPY: Chisong Dêzän) was the 38th King of Tibet, ruling from 755 until 797. ... Nub Chen Sangye Yeshe (9th cen. ... Yeshe Tsogyel (IPA: , rhymes with may say so well), also known in the Nyingma tradition as the Great Bliss Queen, is a semi-mythical female deity or figure of enlightenment (dakini) in Tibetan Buddhism. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Early period

From this basis, Tantric Buddhism was established in its entirety in Tibet. From the 8th until the 11th century, the Nyingma was the only school of Buddhism in Tibet. With the reign of King Langdarma (836–842) a time of political instability ensued which continued over the next 300 years, during which time Buddhism was persecuted and largely forced underground. From the 11th century onwards, the Nyingma tradition flourished along with the newer Sarma schools, and it was at that time that Nyingmapas began to see themselves as a distinct group and the term "Nyingma" came into usage. Langdarma was the last Tibetan emperor, who reigned from 838-841 CE. By tradition Langdarma is held to be have been anti-Buddhist and a follower of the Bön religion. ... Events Abbasid caliph al-Mutasim establishes new capital at Samarra, Iraq. ... Events Oaths of Strasbourg — alliance of Louis the German and Charles the Bald against emperor Lothar — sworn and recorded in vernacular languages. ...

The Nyingma tradition is unique among the four schools in that its supporters never held political power, and therefore it stood at a greater remove from the political machinations of Tibet. It is also distinguished by its decentralization and lesser emphasis on monasticism relative to the other schools, with a correspondingly greater preponderance of "ngakpas", uncelibate householders and yogins. In Tibetan Buddhism and Bön, Ngagpas (sNgags-pa) or male practitioners (female practioners are knowns as Ngagmas or Ngagmos [1]) are non-monastic practitioners of such disciplines as Vajrayana, shamanism, Tibetan medicine, Tantra and Dzogchen amongst other traditions, disciplines and arts. ...

Modern developments

There was never a single "head of the lineage" in the manner of the Ganden Tripa (or Dalai Lama) of the Gelugpa, the Karmapa of the Karma Kagyupa, and the Sakya Trizin of the Sakyapa. It was only recently in exile in India that this role was created at the request of the Tibetan government, and it is largely administrative. Nevertheless, the lamas who have served in this role are among the most universally highly regarded. They are: The Ganden Tripa (Holder of the Ganden Throne; Wylie: Dga-ldan Khri-pa) is the title of the spiritual leader of the Gelug (Dge-lugs) school of Tibetan Buddhism, the school which controlled central Tibet from the mid-1600s until 1950. ... The 13th Dalai Lama, Thubten Gyatso (1876-1933). ... The 16th Karmapa, Rangjung Rigpe Dorje (1924 - 1981) The Karmapa (officially His Holiness the Gyalwa Karmapa) is the head of the Karma Kagyu, the largest sub-school of the Kagyupa (Tib. ... Karma Kagyu is the largest lineage of the Kagyu school, one of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism. ... The 41st Sakya Trizin Sakya Trizin is the head of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism The spiritual leadership of the Sakya school is controlled by the descendants of the Köhn family, who around 750 got into contact with Buddhism and who were taught by Padmasambhava. ...

• His Holiness Kyabje Dudjom Rinpoche (c. 1904–1987), served from the 1960s until his death
• His Holiness Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche (c. 1910-1991), served from 1987 until his death
• His Holiness Penor (Pema Norbu) Rinpoche served from 1991 until retirement in 2003
• His Holiness Mindroling Trichen Rinpoche is currently serving, since his appointment in 2003.

This article or section includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... 1904 (MCMIV) was a leap year starting on a Friday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar). ... His Holiness Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche was born in the Denhok Valley at Kham Derge, Eastern Tibet in 1910 to a family directly descended from the ninth century King Trisong Detsen. ... Year 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar). ... His Holiness (Kyabjé) Drubwang Pema Norbu Rinpoche is the 11th throne holder of the Palyul Lineage of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism, and is said to be an incarnation of Vimalamitra. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The eleventh Mindrolling Trichen (pronunciation: Mìn-drolling), Trichen Jurme Kunzang Wangyal (1930-present) is a lama of the Nyingma-school, the oldest school of Tibetan Buddhism and is responsible for the administrative affairs for the school in exile as the ceremonial head of the lineage. ...

Features of the Nyingma lineage

Tantric system

The structure of tantric teachings of Nyingma is significant aside from the terma-tradition. Nyingma-Schools distinguish 6 levels of tantric teachings; in other schools, 4 levels are common. Termas are key Tibetan Buddhist teachings, many of which were hidden by Guru Padmasambhava around the Tibetan region for future discovery at auspicious times. ...

Outer tantra

• Kriya
• Carya or Ubhaya
• Yogatantra

Inner tantra A kriya (from the Sanskrit, deed, operation, effort) is a technique or practice within a yoga discipline, or more generally any practice with the goal of attaining higher knowledge. ... Carya is a genus of about 25 species of deciduous trees, including the hickory and pecan. ... The Outer Tantras are the first three divisions in the ninefold division of practice according to the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism. ...

• Mahayoga
• Anuyoga
• Atiyoga/Dzogchen (The "Great Perfection")

In the later schools the inner tantric teachings are known as Anuttarayogatantra, which corresponds to Mahayoga in the Nyingma system, while the Mahamudra teachings of the later schools are said to lead to similar results as the Dzogchen teachings. Mahayoga (Skt. ... Anuyoga (Skt. ... This article refers to the primordial state as considered in Tibetan Buddhism and Bon. ... This article refers to the primordial state as considered in Tibetan Buddhism and Bon. ... Anuttara Yoga Tantra (Highest Yoga Tantra or Highest Union Continuity) is the highest of four or six levels (depending on school) of Buddhist tantra, characterized by the symbolic use of sexual and wrathful energy to effect transformation and attain enlightenment. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Termas and tertons

The appearance of terma ("hidden treasures") is of particular significance to the Nyingma tradition. Although there have been a few Kagyupa "tertons" (treasure revealers) and the practice is endemic to The Bönpo as well, the vast majority of Tibetan Buddhist tertons have been Nyingmapas. It is held that past masters, principally Padmasambhava, secreted objects and hid teachings for discovery by later tertons at appropriate and auspicious times such that the teaching would be beneficial. These teachings may be physically discovered, often in rocks and caves, or they may be "mind terma," appearing directly within the mindstream of the terton. Termas are key Tibetan Buddhist teachings, many of which were hidden by Guru Padmasambhava around the Tibetan region for future discovery at auspicious times. ... In Tibetan Buddhism, a tertön is someone who discovers a terma, or hidden text. ... Bön has typically been described as the shamanistic religion in Tibet before the arrival of Buddhism in the 7th century. ... This article needs cleanup. ... In Tibetan Buddhism, a tertön is someone who discovers a terma, or hidden text. ...

Terma

Padmasambhava and his main disciples hid hundreds of scriptures, ritual objects and relics in secret places to protect Buddhism during the time of decline under King Langdarma. These termas were later rediscovered and special terma lineages were established throughout Tibet. Out of this activity developed, especially within the Nyingma tradition, two ways of dharma transmission: The so called "long" oral transmission from Teacher to student in unbroken lineages and the "short" transmission or "whispered transmission" of "hidden treasures". The foremost revealers of these termas were the five terton kings and the eight Lingpas. In the 19th century some of the most famous were the Khen Kong Chok Sum referring to Jamyang Khyentse, Jamgon Kongtrul and Chokgyur Lingpa. Termas are key Tibetan Buddhist teachings, many of which were hidden by Guru Padmasambhava around the Tibetan region for future discovery at auspicious times. ... In Tibetan Buddhism, a tertön is someone who discovers a terma, or hidden text. ... Eight Lingpas (gling pa brgyad). ... Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820-1892) was a renowned teacher, scholar and tertön (treasure discoverer) of 19th century Tibet. ... Jamgon Kongtrul is a Tibetan Buddhist lama and tulku. ... Chokgyur Lingpa (1829-1870). ...

Tertons

According to Nyingma tradition, tertons are often incarnations of the 25 main disciples of Padmasambhava. A vast system of transmission lineages developed through the ages. Nyingma scriptures were updated when the time was appropriate. Terma teachings guided many Buddhist practitioners to realisation and enlightenment. The rediscovering of terma began with the first terton, Sangye Lama (1000–1080). Tertons of outstanding importance were Nyangral Nyima Oser (1124–1192), Guru Chowang (1212–1270), Rigdzin Godem (1307–1408), Pema Lingpa (1450–1521), Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820–1892) and Orgyen Chokyur Lingpa (1829–1870). The terma tradition had antecedents in India; Nagarjuna, for example, rediscovered the last part of the "Prajnaparamita-Sutra in one hundred thousand verses" in the realm of Naga, where it had been kept since the time of Buddha Shakyamuni. Courtyard of Konchogsum Lhakhang in Bumthang where Pema Lingpa is said to have placed this stone plug over the subterranean lake below the temple Pema Lingpa (1450-1521) is perhaps the most famous saint of the most venerable school of Tibetan Buddhism, the Nyingma school. ... Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820-1892) was a renowned teacher, scholar and tertön (treasure discoverer) of 19th century Tibet. ... Chokgyur Lingpa. ... For other uses, see Nagarjuna (disambiguation). ... Perfection of Wisdom is a translation of the Sanskrit term prajñā pāramitā (Devanagari: प्रज्ञा पारमिता, Chinese: 般若波羅蜜多/般若波罗蜜多, Pinyin: bānruò-bōluómìduō, Japanese: hannya-haramita), which is one of the aspects of a bodhisattvas personality called the paramitas. ... Image:StandngBuddha. ...

Various traditions and important historical figures

It is generally agreed that Longchenpa and Mipham are the two most important scholars to the Nyingma lineage.

Longchenpa (1308-1363)

During the ages, many great scholars and tantric Masters appeared within the Nyingma lineage. Most famous of all is the master and scholar Longchenpa (Longchen Rabjam), who, along with Rongzom Mahapandita, is known as "omniscient one" or kun kyen – a title only bestowed upon these two masters in the Nyingma school. He wrote many scriptures on the whole Nyingma-dharma. He is especially known for his presentation of the Nyingma philosophical view, that of Dzogchen in particular. His main works are the "seven treasuries" (Dzö dün), "three cycles of relaxation" (Ngalso Korsum), "three cycles of natural liberation" (Rangdröl Korsum) and the three "inner essences" (Yangtig Namsum). Longchen Rabjam also systematized the transmission of Dzogchen, the Great Perfection, in a collection of texts called "The Four-fold Heart Essence" (Nyingthig Yabzhi). Longchenpa or Longchen Rabjampa (1308 - 1363) was a major teacher in the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism. ... This article refers to the primordial state as considered in Tibetan Buddhism and Bon. ...

Jigme Lingpa (1730-1798) and the Longchen Nyingthig

Jigme Lingpa further condensed the Nyingthig Yabzhi of Longchenpa into a cycle of termas called the Longchen Nyingthig, or "Heart Essence of the Vast Expanse". The Nyingthig Yabshi and the Longchen Nyingthig are known, respectively, as the earlier and later "heart essence." The Longchen Nyingthig became both the foundation of the main Dzogchen teachings in the contemporary period and of the Rime movement. Jigme Lingpa's teaching lineage flourished in Kham (eastern Tibet) around Dege, and after his death three incarnations were recognised as being his emanations: Do Khyentse (1800?-1859?), Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, (1820-1892) and Patrul Rinpoche, (1808-1887), all of whom were central to the Rime movement. Ken 15:28, July 18, 2005 (UTC) Categories: Possible copyright violations ... Longchenpa or Longchen Rabjampa, Tib. ... Longchen Nyingtig refers to a cycle of Dzogchen texts discovered (or revealed as is often said of terma or treasure texts) by Jigme Lingpa. ... Longchen Nyingtig refers to a cycle of Dzogchen texts discovered (or revealed as is often said of terma or treasure texts) by Jigme Lingpa. ... The word rime has several meanings in English: For various forms of frost, see rime (frost). ... Kham (Wylie transliteration: Khams, Tibetan: ཁམས, Simplified Chinese: 康, Pinyin: Kāng) province is one of several provinces comprising traditional Tibet (the others Amdo and Ü-Tsang). ... Situation of the east Tibetan region of Kham Kham (Wylie transliteration: Khams; Tibetan: ཁམས; Simplified Chinese: 康; Pinyin: Kāng) province is one of several provinces comprising traditional Tibet (the others are Amdo and Ü-Tsang). ... Derge (Wylie: Sde-dge; ZWPY: Dêgê; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is a small town in Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Chinas Sichuan province. ... // ON MAY 5 1853 MR.FADER HAD SEX WITH A MAN NAME MR WIEN THEN THEY HAD SON NAMEDMRS COTURE AND MR MANOOGIAN WENT INTO MRS HASKELLS OFFICE NAKED AND DANCED AROUND AND MASTERBATED ON HER CHEST AND SHE LICKED IT OFF THEN THEY HAD ORAL SEEX WITH NAPLOEAN OF... Year 1859 (MDCCCLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Dzogchen Patrul Rinpoche Jigme Chokyi Wangpo (1808-1887), was among the greatest Nyingma masters of the nineteenth century. ... Year 1808 (MDCCCVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1887 (MDCCCLXXXVII) is a common year starting on Saturday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. ...

The Rinchen Terdzod

The Rinchen Terdzod is, along with the Longchen Nyingthig, the most important terma treasure to Nyingmapas today. It is the assemblage of thousands of rare terma texts from all across Tibet by Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, Jamgon Kongtrul Lodro Thaye, and Chogyur Dechen Lingpa in the 19th century. The Tibetan language is spoken primarily by the Tibetan people who live across a wide area of eastern Central Asia bordering South Asia, as well as by large number of Tibetan refugees all over the world. ... The Wylie transliteration scheme is a method for transliterating the Tibetan script using the keys on a typical English language typewriter. ... Guru Rinpoche - Padmasambhava statue - near Kullu, India The Nyingma tradition is the oldest of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism (the other three being the Kagyu, Sakya and Gelug). ... Longchen Nyingthig (Tibetan: ཀློང་ཆེན་སྙིང་ཐིག་; Wylie: klong chen snying thig) is a systematic explanation of Dzogchen within the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism. ... Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820-1892) was a renowned teacher, scholar and tertön (treasure discoverer) of 19th century Tibet. ... The Jamgon Kongtruls ..line of incarnate Lamas begins with Jamgon Kongtrul Lodro Thaye in the 19th century. ...

Mipham Jamyang Gyatso (1846–1912)

Mipham Jamyang Gyatso (“Mipham the Great”) was born into an aristocratic family in 1846 in Kham, a province of eastern Tibet. His name, Mipham Gyatso, means “Unconquerable Ocean,” and as a scholar and meditator he was so accomplished that he was enthroned as an emanation of the Manjushri, the bodhisattva of wisdom. As such, he was asked to compose a definitive articulation of the philosophical outlook of the Nyingma lineage. This had never been systematized in the manner of the other four lineages and, as a result, was vulnerable to attack by hostile scholars. This article or section includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... Kham (Wylie transliteration: Khams, Tibetan: ཁམས, Simplified Chinese: 康, Pinyin: Kāng) province is one of several provinces comprising traditional Tibet (the others Amdo and Ãœ-Tsang). ... Statue of Manjusri (Monju) at Senkoji in Onomichi, Japan Mañjuśrī (文殊 Ch. ...

As requested, Mipham Rinpoche composed authoritative works on both the Sutric and Vajrayana teachings as understood in the Nyingma tradition, writing particularly extensively on dzogchen. He is said to have composed these vast works effortlessly. They reinvigorated and revitalized the Nyingma lineage enormously inestimably, and he soon became one of the most renowned lamas in Tibet, attracting disciples from all traditions, many of whom became lineage holders. Mipham's works have become the foundation of study for not only the Nyingma lineage, but the Kagyu lineage as well. They hold a central position in all Nyingma monasteries and monastic colleges. Along with Longchenpa, he is considered the source of the Nyingma doctrine. SÅ«tra (sex) (Sanskrit) or Sutta (Pāli) literally means a rope or thread that holds things together, and more metaphorically refers to an aphorism (or line, rule, formula), or a collection of such aphorisms in the form of a manual. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Lama (Tibetan: བླ་མ་; Wylie: bla-ma) is a title for a Tibetan religious teacher. ... The Kagyu (Tibetan: བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་; Wylie: Bka-brgyud) school, also known as the Oral Lineage and the Spotless Practice Lineage school, is one of four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism, the other three being Nyingma (Rnying-ma), Sakya (Sa-skya), and Gelug (Dge-lugs). ... Longchenpa or Longchen Rabjampa, Tib. ...

Six mother monasteries

Tradition has held that there are six monasteries known as "mother monasteries" of the Nyingma lineage, although there have been slightly different formulations of the six. At one time they included Dorje Drag, Mindroling monastery and Palri monastery in Upper Tibet; and Kathok, Palyul and Dzogchen monasteries in Lower Tibet. After the decline of Chongye Palri Thegchog Ling monastery and the flourishing of Shechen, the mother monasteries became Dorje Drag and Mindroling in the upper region, Shechen and Dzogchen in the center, and Kathok and Palyul in the lower part of Tibet. Dodrubchen is often substituted for Kathok in the list. Out of these "main seats of the Nyingma" developed a large number of Nyingma monasteries throughout Tibet, Bhutan and Nepal. This article needs to be wikified. ... Dzogchen Monastery is one of the six great monasteries of the Nyingma tradition, the original Buddhist tradition in Tibet. ... This article is about historical/cultural Tibet. ...

• Dorje Drak
• Dzogchen
• Kathok
• Mindroling
• Palyul
• Shechen

Also of great importance to the Nyingma lineage is Samye, the first Tibetan monastery, founded by Shantarakshita. Dorje Drak (English: Indestructible Rock) monastery was one of the primary Nyingma monasteries in Tibet. ... Dzogchen Monastery is one of the six great monasteries of the Nyingma tradition, the original Buddhist tradition in Tibet. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... Palyul is one of the six mother monasteries of the Nyingma tradition of Tibetan Buddhism. ... Shechen Monastery, Kham Tibet Shechen Monastery in eastern Tibet was the heart of a network of nearly a hundred and sixty monasteries. ... The main building of the Samye Monastery The Samye Monastery or Samye Gompa is the first Buddhist monastery built in Tibet, constructed in approximately 775 AD under the patronage of King Trisong Detsen of Tibet who sought to revitalize Buddhism which had declined since its introduction by King Songtsen Gampo... Shantarakshita was an Indian sage, abbot of Nalanda University, a great center of Buddhist scholarship. ...

The Nyingma lineage today

Contemporary Nyingma teachers

Authentic contemporary Nyingma teachers include His Holiness Thinley Norbu Rinpoche, His Holiness Kyabje Dudjom Rinpoche (c. 1904–1987), His Holiness Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche (c. 1910-1991), Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche, His Holiness Penor (Pema Norbu) Rinpoche, Chogyal Namkhai Norbu, filmmaker Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche (son of H.H. Thinley Norbu Rinpoche), Chagdud Tulku Rinpoche, Tarthang Tulku and Sogyal Rinpoche, the ngagpa Vajranatha, Khenpo Sherab Sangpo among others. Thinley Norbu Rinpoche, a major modern teacher in the Nyingma lineage of Tibetan Buddhism is the eldest son of H.H. Dudjom Rinpoche, former head of the Nyingma lineages. ... This article or section includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... 1904 (MCMIV) was a leap year starting on a Friday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar). ... His Holiness Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche was born in the Denhok Valley at Kham Derge, Eastern Tibet in 1910 to a family directly descended from the ninth century King Trisong Detsen. ... Year 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ... Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche 1920-1996 (Wylie: Sprul-sku O-rgyan Rin-po-che). ... His Holiness (Kyabjé) Drubwang Pema Norbu Rinpoche is the 11th throne holder of the Palyul Lineage of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism, and is said to be an incarnation of Vimalamitra. ... Chogyal Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche (born in Dege, Eastern Tibet, in 1938) is a teacher and master of Dzogchen, one of the teachings of Buddha. ... Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche (born 1961), also known as Khyentse Norbu, is a Bhutanese lama and filmmaker. ... H.E. Chagdud Tulku Rinpoche (1930-2002) was a renowned teacher of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Vajrayana Buddhism. ... Tarthang Tulku is a Tibetan lama who lives in America, where he works to preserve the art and culture of Tibet. ... Sogyal Rinpoche (Tibetan: བསོད་རྒྱལ་; Wylie: Bsod-rgyal) is a Tibetan Dzogchen lama of the Nyingma tradition. ... In Tibetan Buddhism and Bön, Ngagpas (sNgags-pa) or male practitioners (female practioners are knowns as Ngagmas or Ngagmos) are non-monastic practitioners of such disciplines as Vajrayana, shamanism, Tibetan medicine, Tantra and Dzogchen amongst other traditions, disciplines and arts. ... John Myrdhin Reynolds, whose initiated name is Vajranatha (or Rigdzin Dorje Gonpo) is a scholar, linguist, author, translator, mystic and initiated ngagpa of the Nyingmapa. ... Khenpo Sherab Sangpo (mkhan po shes rab bzang po) Khenpo Sherab Sangpo Khenpo Sherab Sangpo was trained by Khenpo Petse Rinpoche and Jigme Phuntsok Rinpoche, two of the greatest masters of the Nyingma tradition in recent history. ...

See also

Lamas

• Dudjom Rinpoche
• Dzigar Kongtrul Rinpoche
• Sogyal Rinpoche

This article or section includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... Biography Venerable Dzigar Kongtrul Rinpoche was recognized as an incarnation of Jamgon Kongtrul Lodro Thaye. ... Sogyal Rinpoche (Tibetan: བསོད་རྒྱལ་; Wylie: Bsod-rgyal) is a Tibetan Dzogchen lama of the Nyingma tradition. ...

Organizations

• Rigpa

Rigpa is the primordial, nondual awareness advocated by the Dzogchen teachings. ...

Teachings

• Chokling Tersar
• Longchen Nyingthig

Chokling Tersar (mchog gling gter gsar). ... Longchen Nyingthig (Tibetan: ཀློང་ཆེན་སྙིང་ཐིག་; Wylie: klong chen snying thig) is a systematic explanation of Dzogchen within the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism. ...

Traditions

• Ngagpa

In Tibetan Buddhism and Bön, Ngagpas (sNgags-pa) or male practitioners (female practioners are knowns as Ngagmas or Ngagmos) are non-monastic practitioners of such disciplines as Vajrayana, shamanism, Tibetan medicine, Tantra and Dzogchen amongst other traditions, disciplines and arts. ...

References

• Dudjom Rinpoche and Jikdrel Yeshe Dorje. The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism: its Fundamentals and History. Two Volumes. 1991. Translated and edited by Gyurme Dorje with Matthew Kapstein. Wisdom Publications, Boston. ISBN 0-86171-087-8

Literature

Introduction

• Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche. The Opening of the Dharma. Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, Dharamsala 1974
• Keith Dowman. Skydancer - The Secret Life and Songs of the Lady Yeshe Tsogyal. Snow Lion Publ., Ithaca-New York 1996, ISBN 1-55939-065-4
• Ngawang Zangpo. Guru Rinpoché - His Life and Times. Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca-New York 2002, ISBN 1-55939-174-X
• Sogyal Rinpoche. The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying, ISBN 0-06-250834-2

Dzogchen Sogyal Rinpoche (Tibetan: བསོད་རྒྱལ་; Wylie: Bsod-rgyal) is a Tibetan Dzogchen lama of the Nyingma tradition. ... An acclaimed spiritual masterpiece, The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying, is a manual for life and death and a magnificant source of sacred inspiration from the heart of the Tibetan tradition. ...

• Dudjom Lingpa. Buddhahood Without Meditation, A Visionary Account known as Refining Apparent Phenomena. Padma Publishing, Junction City 1994, ISBN 1-881847-07-1
• Reynolds, John Myrdhin, Self-Liberation through seeing with naked awareness. Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca-New York 2000, ISBN 1-55939-144-8
• Longchen Rabjam. A Treasure Trove of Scriptural Transmission, a Commentary on The Precious Treasury of the Basic Space of Phenomena. Padma Publishing, Junction City 2001, ISBN 1-881847-30-6
• Longchen Ragjam. The Practice of Dzogchen. Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca-New York 1996, ISBN 1-55939-054-9
• Longchen Rabjam. The Precious Treasury of the Basic Space of Phenomena. Padma Publishing, Junction City 2001, ISBN 1-881847-32-2
• Longchen Rabjam. The Precious Treasury of the Way of Abiding. Padma Publishing, Junction City 1998, ISBN 1-881847-09-8
• Longchenpa. You Are the Eyes of the World. Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca-New York 2000, ISBN 1-55939-140-5
• Manjushrimitra. Primordial Experience, An Introduction to Dzogchen Meditation. Shambhala Publications, Boston & London 2001, ISBN 1-57062-898-X
• Nudan Dorje, James Low. Being Right Here - A Dzogchen Treasure Text of Nuden Dorje entitled The Mirror of Clear Meaning. Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca-New York 2004, ISBN 1-55939-208-8
• Padmasambhava. Advice from the Lotus-Born. Rangjung Yeshe Publications, Hong-Kong 1994, ISBN 962-7341-20-7
• Padmasambhava. Natural Liberation - Padmasambhava's Teachings on the Six Bardos. Wisdom Publications, Boston 1998, ISBN 0-86171-131-9
• Reynolds, John Myrdhin. The Golden Letters. Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca New York 1996, ISBN 1-55939-050-6

John Myrdhin Reynolds, whose initiated name is Vajranatha (or Rigdzin Dorje Gonpo) is a scholar, linguist, author, translator, mystic and initiated ngagpa of the Nyingmapa. ... John Myrdhin Reynolds, whose initiated name is Vajranatha (or Rigdzin Dorje Gonpo) is a scholar, linguist, author, translator, mystic and initiated ngagpa of the Nyingmapa. ...

External links

• Kathok Nyingma Tradition of Tibetan Buddhism
• Nyingma Institute headed by Tharthang Tulku, with centres in Berkeley, Amsterdam and Rio de Janeiro
• The Nyingma Lineage and Terma Tradition from Simhanada
• Zangthal Translations of Tibetan texts into English.