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The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) protocols are a family of information exchange standards developed jointly by the ISO and the ITU-T from 1977 onwards. The OSI model describes seven 'layers' of interconnection: the physical layer, the data link layer, the network layer, the transport layer, the session layer, the presentation layer, and the application layer. These OSI protocols for those layers are described below. The Open Systems Interconnection (usually abbreviated to OSI) was a new effort in networking started in 1982 by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), along with the ITU-T. Prior to OSI, networking was completely vendor-developed and proprietary, with protocol standards such as SNA and DECnet. ...
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an international standard-setting body composed of representatives from national standards bodies. ...
The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) coordinates standards for telecommunications on behalf of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and is based in Geneva, Switzerland. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Open Systems Interconnection. ...
The physical layer is level one in the seven level OSI model of computer networking as well as in the five layer TCP/IP reference model. ...
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The network layer is level three of the seven level OSI model. ...
In computing and telecommunications, the transport layer is layer four of the seven layer OSI model. ...
The session layer is level five of the seven level OSI model. ...
Ami waz here ed was also here The presentation layer is the sixth level of the seven layer OSI model. ...
The application layer is the 7 th seventh level of the seven-layer OSI model. ...
Physical Layer This layer deals with the physical plugs and sockets and electrical specification of signals.
This is the medium over which the digital signals are to be transmitted. This can be twisted pair, coaxial cable, fiberoptic mediums or others. 25 Pair Color Code Chart 10BASE-T UTP Cable Twisted pair cabling is a common form of wiring in which two conductors are wound around each other for the purposes of cancelling out electromagnetic interference known as crosstalk. ...
Coaxial cable is an electrical cable consisting of a round conducting wire, surrounded by an insulating spacer, surrounded by a cylindrical conducting sheath, usually surrounded by a final insulating layer. ...
A bundle of optical fibers. ...
Data Link Layer The Data Link layer packages raw bits from the Physical layer into frames (logical, structured packets for data). This layer is responsible for transferring frames from one host to another. It might perform error checking. In telecommunications, a frame is a packet which has been encoded for transmission over a particular link. ...
Network Layer - Connectionless Network Service (CLNS)
- Connectionless Network Protocol (CLNP) – ISO 8473
- Connection-Oriented Network Service (CONS)
- Connection-Oriented Network Protocol (CONP) – ISO 8878
- Network Fast Byte Protocol – ISO 14700
This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. ...
CLNS is an abbreviation of Connectionless Network Service. ...
CONS, Connection-Oriented Network Service, is one of the two OSI stack network layer protocols, the other being CLNS (Connectionless Network Service). ...
Transport Layer This is specified by ISO 8072 (service) and ISO 8073 (protocol). - Transport Protocol Class 0 (TP0)
- Transport Protocol Class 1 (TP1)
- Transport Protocol Class 2 (TP2)
- Transport Protocol Class 3 (TP3)
- Transport Protocol Class 4 (TP4)
- Transport Fast Byte Protocol – ISO 14699
Session Layer - Session service – ISO 8306 / X.215
- Connection-oriented Session protocol – ISO 8307 / X.225
- Connectionless Session protocol – ISO 9548
Presentation Layer - Presentation service – ISO 8822 / X.216
- Connection-oriented Presentation protocol – ISO 8823 / X.226
- Connectionless Presentation protocol – ISO 9576
Application Layer
Common-Application Service Elements (CASEs) - Association Control Service Element (ACSE)
- Remote Operations Service Element (ROSE)
- Reliable Transfer Service Element (RTSE)
- Commitment, Concurrency, and Recovery service element (CCRSE)
- Security Exchange Service Element (SESE)
Association Control Service Element (ACSE) is the OSI method for establishing a call between two application programs. ...
Species Between 100 and 150, see list A rose is a flowering shrub of the genus Rosa, and the flower of this shrub. ...
Application Processes - Common management information protocol (CMIP) – ISO 9596 / X.700
- Directory services (DS) – X.500
- File transfer, access, and management (FTAM)
- Message handling system (MHS) – X.400)
- Virtual terminal protocol (VTP)
- Remote Database Access (RDA)
- Distributed Transaction Processing (OSI TP)
- Interlibrary Loan Application Protocol (ILAP)
- Document Transfer And Manipulation (DTAM)
- Document Printing Application (DPA)
- Document Filing and Retrieval (DFR)
Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP) is a protocol for network management, it defines the communication between network management applications and management agents. ...
The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) coordinates standards for telecommunications on behalf of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and is based in Geneva, Switzerland. ...
X.500 is the set of ITU-T computer networking standards covering electronic directory services such as white pages, Knowbot and whois. ...
FTAM, an ISO 8571 standard, is an OSI Application layer protocol for File Transfer Access and Management. ...
In computing, X.400 is an OSI standard developed by the ITU-T (at the time the CCITT) in cooperation with ISO for the exchange of messages, both between people and between software applications. ...
VTP stands for VLAN Trunking Protocol, a protocol used for configuring and administering VLANs on Cisco network devices. ...
Remote database access provides the ability to read or write to a bistatic database. ...
DPA is a three-letter abbreviation with multiple meanings, including: Danish Pedophile Association. ...
Routing Protocols - Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) – ISO 10589
- End System to Intermediate System (ES-IS) – ISO 9542
- Interdomain Routing Protocol (IDRP) – ISO 10747
Intermediate system to intermediate system (IS-IS), is a protocol used by network devices (routers) to determine the best way to forward datagrams or packets through a packet-based network, a process called routing. ...
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