Oberlin College

Oberlin is a city in Lorain County, Ohio, to the south and west of Cleveland. Oberlin is perhaps best known for being the home of Oberlin College, a liberal arts college and music conservatory with approximately 3,000 students. The population was 8,195 at the 2000 census. Oberlin College 1909 (from LOC). ... Lorain County is a county located in the northeastern region state of Ohio, United States, and is considered to be a part of what is locally referred to as Greater Cleveland. ... Official language(s) None Capital Columbus Largest city Columbus Largest metro area Cleveland Area  Ranked 34th  - Total 44,825 sq mi (116,096 km²)  - Width 220 miles (355 km)  - Length 220 miles (355 km)  - % water 8. ... Cleveland redirects here. ... Oberlin College is a small, selective liberal arts college in Oberlin, Ohio, in the United States. ... A conservatory is a school dedicated to teaching the art of music including playing of musical instruments, musical composition, musicianship and music theory. ... 2000 US Census logo The Twenty-Second United States Census, known as Census 2000 and conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13. ...

The second largest employer in Oberlin (after the eponymous College) is the Federal Aviation Administration, which houses an Air Route Traffic Control Center in the town. This particular center is one of the most transitioned air traffic control centers in the country, and oversees the airspace over 6 states and a small part of Canada. An eponym is a person (real or fictitious) whose name has become identified with a particular object or activity. ...   FAA redirects here. ... This temporary flight restriction map from the Federal Aviation Administration shows the boundaries of the regions controlled by the Area Control Centers within and adjoining the continental United States, as well as the IATA airport code of each such Center operated by the United States. ...

Oberlin is governed by a city manager and a seven-member council which is elected to two-year terms in a non-partisan election. The current city manager is Robert DiSpirito. The council-manager government is one of 2 main variations of representative municipal government (for contrast, also see Mayor-Council government). ... Robert DiSpirito is the current city manager of Oberlin, Ohio, USA. External links City of Oberlin website with information about Robert DiSpirito Categories: People stubs ...

History

Oberlin was founded in 1833 by two Presbyterian ministers, John Shipherd and Philo P. Stewart. The pair had become friends while spending the summer of 1832 together in nearby Elyria, Ohio and discovered a shared dissatisfaction with what they saw as the lack of strong Christian morals among the settlers of the American West. Their proposed solution was to create a religious community that would more closely adhere to Biblical commandments, along with a school for training Christian missionaries who would eventually spread out all over the American frontier. The two decided to name their community after Jean-Frédéric Oberlin (1740 - 1826), an Alsatian minister whose pedagogical achievements in a poor and remote area had greatly impressed and inspired them. Presbyterianism is part of the Reformed churches family of denominations of Christian Protestantism based on the teachings of John Calvin which traces its institutional roots to the Scottish Reformation, especially as led by John Knox. ... Old county building. ... Jean-Frédéric Oberlin (German: Johann Friedrich Oberlin) (August 3, 1740 - June 1, 1826) was an Alsatian pastor and philanthropist. ... Events May 31 - Friedrich II comes to power in Prussia upon the death of his father, Friedrich Wilhelm I. October 20 - Maria Theresia of Austria inherits the Habsburg hereditary dominions (Austria, Bohemia, Hungary and present-day Belgium). ... The oldest surviving photograph, Nicéphore Niépce, circa 1826 1826 (MDCCCXXVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... (New région flag) (Region logo) Location Administration Capital Strasbourg Regional President Adrien Zeller (UMP) (since 1996) Departments Bas-Rhin Haut-Rhin Arrondissements 13 Cantons 75 Communes 903 Statistics Land area1 8,280 km² Population (Ranked 14th)  - January 1, 2006 est. ...

Shipherd and Stewart rode south from Elyria into the forests that covered the northern part of Ohio in search of a suitable location for their community. After a journey of approximately eight miles, they stopped to rest and pray in the shade of an elm tree along the forest, and agreed that this would be a good place to start their community. Legend has it that while they prayed, a hunter saw a family of bears climb down from a nearby tree. The bears saw the two men, but turned away without harming them. On hearing this story from the hunter, the two ministers took it to be a sign from God that they had selected the right place for their community and school. Official language(s) None Capital Columbus Largest city Columbus Largest metro area Cleveland Area  Ranked 34th  - Total 44,825 sq mi (116,096 km²)  - Width 220 miles (355 km)  - Length 220 miles (355 km)  - % water 8. ...

Shipherd travelled back East and convinced the owner of the land to donate 500 acres (2 km²) of land for the school, and he also purchased an additional 5000 acres (20 km²) for the town, at the cost of $1.50 per acre ($371/km²). While in that part of the country, he visited many of his friends and persuaded some to join in his adventure, and others to contribute money towards the construction of the community.

The motto of the new college was "Learning and Labor". In those days the words were taken quite literally: tuition at Oberlin College was free, but students were expected to contribute by helping to build and sustain the community. This attracted a number of bright young people who would otherwise not have been able to afford tuition. Eventually this approach was deemed inefficient; the motto, however, remains to this day.

On June 28, 1924, the worst flood in Oberlin history, resulted from a tornado that caused 62 people to lose their lives. Afterwards, the water was so deep that kids swam in Tappan Square. [1]Damage was caused to all of downtown Oberlin. [2]

Oberlin and slavery

Towards the middle of the 19th century, Oberlin became a major focus of the abolitionist movement in the United States. The town was conceived as an integrated community, and blacks had attended Oberlin College from its early years. Many Oberlin College graduates were dedicated abolitionists who traveled throughout the South working to help slaves escape to the north. This English poster depicting the horrific conditions on slave ships was influential in mobilizing public opinion against slavery. ...

In 1834, in response to a series of slavery debates at Lane Theological Seminary, the trustees of the Cincinnati, Ohio school voted to prohibit antislavery agitation among its students and faculty. As a result, the "Lane Rebels," a group of about 50 students, trustee Asa Mahan, and professor John Morgan, left the school. Arthur Tappan, financial agent of the Oberlin Collegiate Institute, and co-founder John Shipherd saw an opportunity to solve Oberlin's financial problems by inviting the rebels (including Mahan and Morgan) to come to Oberlin. The rebels agreed under three conditions: that Oberlin accept students regardless of color, that Oberlin respect students' freedom of speech, and that Oberlin not "interfere with the internal regulation of the school." In the fall of 1835, Oberlin opened a new theology school with Asa Mahan as President, Charles Finney as Professor of theology, and the Lane Rebels among the first theology students.^[3] 1834 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Lane Theological Seminary was established in the Walnut Hills section of Cincinnati, Ohio in 1829 to educate Presbyterian ministers. ... Nickname: The Queen City Location in Hamilton County, Ohio, USA Coordinates: Country United States State Ohio County Hamilton Founded 1788 Incorporated 1802 (village) - 1819 (city) Government type Strong mayor  - Mayor Mark L. Mallory (D) Area    - City  79. ... | Come and take it, slogan of the Texas Revolution 1835 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... See also: Charles G. Finney, 20th Century American author Charles Grandison Finney (August 29, 1792 – August 16, 1875), often called Americas foremost revivalist, was a major leader of the Second Great Awakening in America, which had a great impact on the social history of the United States. ...

By 1852, the town of Oberlin was an active terminus on the underground railroad, and thousands had already passed through it on their way to freedom. This effort was assisted by an Ohio law that allowed fugitive slaves to apply for a writ of habeas corpus, which protected them from extradition back to the southern states from which they had escaped. In 1858, a newly-elected Democratic state legislature repealed this law, leaving the fugitives around Oberlin vulnerable to enforcement of the Federal Fugitive Slave Law, which allowed southern slave-catchers to target and extradite them back to the South. 1852 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... In common law jurisdictions, habeas corpus, or more precisely habeas corpus ad subjiciendum, is a prerogative writ which requires the addressee to produce in court a person in its custody and justify his or her imprisonment. ... 1858 (MDCCCLVIII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The Democratic Party is one of two major political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. ... An April 24, 1851 poster warning colored people in Boston about policemen acting as slave catchers. ...

This situation came to a head with the Oberlin-Wellington Rescue, a pivotal event, described in Nat Brandt's book The Town That Started the Civil War. On September 13, 1858, a fugitive named John Price was captured and jailed in neighboring Wellington, Ohio. A large group of Oberlin residents consisting of townspeople, students and faculty, set out for the Wellington jail to release Price from captivity. The ‘’’Oberlin-Wellington Rescue’’’ was a landmark event in the Abolitionist movement before the American Civil War. ... September 13 is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years). ... 1858 (MDCCCLVIII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Wellington is a village located in Lorain County, Ohio. ...

Oberlin "Rescuers" outside the Cuyahoga County jail

Price was freed and eventually smuggled out of the country, but the authorities were not content to let the matter rest. United States President James Buchanan personally requested that the group (now referred to by sympathetic parties as "the Rescuers") be prosecuted, and 37 of them were eventually tried and convicted by an all-Democrat jury. The group appealed to the Ohio Supreme Court for a writ of habeas corpus, but on May 30, 1859, their petition was denied. Ultimately, they bargained with the prosecutors, who granted the group their freedom in exchange for the promise that they would stay out of Northern Ohio. Oberlin rescuers standing outside of the Cuyahoga Co. ... Cuyahoga County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... James Buchanan (April 23, 1791 – June 1, 1868) was the 15th president of the United States (1857–1861). ... The Ohio Supreme Court is the highest court in the U.S. state of Ohio, with final authority over interpretations of Ohio law and the Ohio Constitution. ... May 30 is the 150th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (151st in leap years). ... 1859 (MDCCCLIX) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar). ...

The political ferment resulting from the case led to a number of major protests throughout the northern part of the state, and an unprecedented boost to the anti-slavery Republican party in the 1860 State elections. The governor of Ohio wrote to the new Republican President Abraham Lincoln urging him to repeal the Fugitive Slave Law. Though in point of fact, Lincoln declined this request, his decision did little to prevent a number of Southern states from seceding, and America was soon embroiled in the Civil War. 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ... Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809—April 15, 1865) was the 16th President of the United States (March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865). ... This article is becoming very long. ...

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 11.4 km² (4.4 mi²). 11.3 km² (4.4 mi²) of it is land and 0.1 km² (Less than 0.1 mi²) of it (0.68%) is water. Image File history File links OHMap-doton-Oberlin. ... The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title ) is a part of the United States Department of Commerce. ... A square metre (US spelling: square meter) is by definition the area enclosed by a square with sides each 1 metre long. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ...

Demographics

As of the census^GR2 of 2000, there were 8,195 people, 2,678 households, and 1,395 families residing in the city. The population density was 722.4/km² (1,871.5/mi²). There were 2,836 housing units at an average density of 250.0/km² (647.7/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 71.92% White, 18.55% African American, 0.49% Native American, 3.40% Asian, 0.17% Pacific Islander, 1.21% from other races, and 4.26% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.04% of the population. 1870 US Census for New York City A census is the process of obtaining information about every member of a population (not necessarily a human population). ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... Race, as defined by the United States Census Bureau and the Federal Office of Management and Budget (OMB), is a self-identification data item in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ...

There were 2,678 households out of which 21.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.5% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 47.9% were non-families. 35.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.89. “Matrimony” redirects here. ...

In the city the population was spread out with 14.7% under the age of 18, 36.9% from 18 to 24, 16.4% from 25 to 44, 17.0% from 45 to 64, and 15.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females there were 77.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 73.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $41,094, and the median income for a family was $59,358. Males had a median income of $42,170 versus $27,308 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,704. About 6.7% of families and 19.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.6% of those under age 18 and 7.5% of those age 65 or over. The per capita income for a group of people may be defined as their total personal income, divided by the total population. ... Map of countries showing percentage of population who have an income below the national poverty line The poverty line is the level of income below which one cannot afford to purchase all the resources one requires to live. ...

Transportation

Oberlin lies at the intersection of state routes 58 and 511. It is near US Highway 20. U.S. Highway 20 is an east-west United States highway. ...

Lorain County Transit provides two bus routes to Oberlin. One route, funded by the college, travels between Oberlin and the Cleveland Hopkins Airport, connecting with the rapid transit line to downtown Cleveland. It runs more often during the school year. The other route is year-round, and travels to Elyria. There are also various shuttle services providing transportation between Oberlin and the airport. Lorain County Transit (LCT) is the public transportation provider for Lorain County, Ohio. ... Hopkins International Airport is an airport located approximately ten miles southwest of Cleveland, Ohio. ... Old county building. ...

Oberlin also lies on a paved bicycle and pedestrian path which travels southwest to Kipton and northeast to Elyria. The path is built on an old railroad bed. Like most municipalities in northern Ohio, Oberlin used to be served by railroads, but currently has no railroad service. An old station is visible along the bike path. Kipton is a village located in Lorain County, Ohio. ...

Notable residents

• Frederic de Forest Allen, (1844-1897), born in Oberlin, was a noted classical scholar^[1]

• Antoinette Brown Blackwell
• John Mercer Langston
• Lucy Stone

Frederic de Forest Allen (1844—97) was an American classical scholar, born at Oberlin, Ohio. ... Antoinette Brown, later Antoinette Brown Blackwell (May 20, 1825 - November 5, 1921), was the first female to be ordained as a minister in the United States, when she was called to be the pastor of the Congregational church in South Butler, New York in 1853. ... John Mercer Langston John Mercer Langston (December 14, 1829–November 15, 1897) was born in Louisa County, Virginia. ... Lucy Stone August 13, 1818 – October 18, 1893) was a prominent American suffragist, the wife of abolitionist Henry Brown Blackwell (1825-1909) (the brother of Elizabeth Blackwell) and the mother of Alice Stone Blackwell, another prominent suffragette, journalist and human rights defender. ...

Miscellaneous

The town is the birthplace of the Anti-Saloon League. The Anti-Saloon League was the leading organization lobbying for prohibition in the United States in the early 20th century. ...

See also

• Oberlin High School

Oberlin High School is a public high school located in Oberlin, Ohio. ...

Further reading

• Brandt, Nat. The Town That Started the Civil War. Syracuse University Press, 1990. 315 p.
• Hart, Albert Bushnell, ed. The American Nation: a history from original sources. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1904-18.

References

• 1. ^ (1967) Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume, 1607-1896. Marquis Who's Who. 

External links

• City of Oberlin
• Oberlin Chamber of Commerce
• Oberlin College Website
• Oberlin College Archives
• The Oberlin Heritage Center
• Electronic Oberlin Group
• History of the Oberlin-Wellington Rescue, compiled by Jacob R. Shipherd (from Library of Congress)
• Oberwiki
• Lorain County Transit - Serving Oberlin
• Cleveland ARTC Center
• Maps and aerial photos Coordinates: 41.28835° -82.216702°
  • Street map from Google Maps, or Yahoo! Maps, or Windows Live Local
  • Satellite image from Google Maps, Windows Live Local, WikiMapia
  • Topographic map from TopoZone
  • Aerial image or topographic map from TerraServer-USA

	Lorain County, Ohio Elyria, county seat
Municipalities	Amherst | Avon | Avon Lake | Elyria | Grafton | Kipton | LaGrange | Lorain | North Ridgeville | Oberlin | Rochester | Sheffield | Sheffield Lake | South Amherst | Vermilion | Wellington Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Image File history File links Map_of_Ohio_highlighting_Lorain_County. ... Lorain County is a county located in the northeastern region state of Ohio, United States, and is considered to be a part of what is locally referred to as Greater Cleveland. ... Official language(s) None Capital Columbus Largest city Columbus Largest metro area Cleveland Area  Ranked 34th  - Total 44,825 sq mi (116,096 km²)  - Width 220 miles (355 km)  - Length 220 miles (355 km)  - % water 8. ... Old county building. ... List of Ohio county seats: Adams County-West Union Allen County-Lima Ashland County-Ashland Ashtabula County-Jefferson Athens County-Athens Auglaize County-Wapakoneta Belmont County-Saint Clairsville Brown County-Georgetown Butler County-Hamilton Carroll County-Carrollton Champaign County-Urbana Clark County-Springfield Clermont County-Batavia Clinton County-Wilmington Columbiana... Amherst is a city in Lorain County, Ohio, United States. ... Avon is a city located in Lorain County, Ohio. ... Avon Lake is a city in Lorain County, Ohio, United States. ... Old county building. ... Grafton is a village located in Lorain County, Ohio. ... Kipton is a village located in Lorain County, Ohio. ... Lagrange is a village located in Lorain County, Ohio. ... Lorain is a city located in Lorain County, Ohio. ... North Ridgeville is a city located in Lorain County, Ohio. ... Rochester is a village located in Lorain County, Ohio. ... Sheffield is a village located in Lorain County, Ohio. ... Sheffield Lake is a city located in Lorain County, Ohio. ... South Amherst is a village located in Lorain County, Ohio. ... Vermilion river marina. ... Wellington is a village located in Lorain County, Ohio. ...
Townships	Amherst | Brighton | Brownhelm | Camden | Carlisle | Columbia | Eaton | Elyria | Grafton | Henrietta | Huntington | LaGrange | New Russia | Penfield | Pittsfield | Rochester | Sheffield | Wellington Amherst Township, Lorain County, Ohio Amherst Township is one of 18 townships within Lorain County, Ohio, located in the northern part of the county. ... Map of Lorain County, Ohio With Municipal and Township Labels Brighton Township is a township located in Lorain County, Ohio, USA. Lorain County website Categories: | | ... Map of Lorain County, Ohio With Municipal and Township Labels Brownhelm Township is a township located in Lorain County, Ohio, USA. Brownhelm Township website Lorain County website Categories: | | ... Map of Lorain County, Ohio With Municipal and Township Labels Camden Township is a township located in Lorain County, Ohio, USA. Lorain County website Categories: | | ... Map of Lorain County, Ohio With Municipal and Township Labels Carlisle Township (established in 1822) is a township located in Lorain County, Ohio, USA. Carlisle Township website Lorain County website Categories: | | ... Map of Lorain County, Ohio With Municipal and Township Labels Eaton Township is a township located in Lorain County, Ohio, USA. Lorain County website Categories: | | ... Map of Lorain County, Ohio With Municipal and Township Labels Elyria Township is a township located in Lorain County, Ohio, USA. Lorain County website Categories: | | ... Map of Lorain County, Ohio With Municipal and Township Labels Grafton Township is a township located in Lorain County, Ohio, USA. Lorain County website Categories: | | ... Map of Lorain County, Ohio With Municipal and Township Labels Henrietta Township is a township located in Lorain County, Ohio, USA. Lorain County website Categories: | | ... Map of Lorain County, Ohio With Municipal and Township Labels Huntington Township is a township located in Lorain County, Ohio, USA. Lorain County website Categories: | | ... Map of Lorain County, Ohio With Municipal and Township Labels LaGrange Township is a township located in Lorain County, Ohio, USA. LaGrange Township website Lorain County website Categories: | | ... Map of Lorain County, Ohio With Municipal and Township Labels New Russia Township is a township located in Lorain County, Ohio, USA. Lorain County website Categories: | | ... Map of Lorain County, Ohio With Municipal and Township Labels Penfield Township is a township located in Lorain County, Ohio, USA. Lorain County website Categories: | | ... It has been suggested that Pittsfield, Ohio be merged into this article or section. ... Map of Lorain County, Ohio With Municipal and Township Labels Rochester Township is one of eighteen townships located in Lorain County, Ohio, USA. Lorain County website Categories: | | ... Sheffield Township is a township in Lorain County, Ohio. ... Map of Lorain County, Ohio With Municipal and Township Labels Wellington Township is a township located in Lorain County, Ohio, USA. Lorain County website Categories: | | ...
Census-designated place	Eaton Estates Eaton Estates is an unincorporated census-designated place located in Lorain County, Ohio, USA. As of the 2000 census, the CDP had a total population of 1,409. ...