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An observation tower (alpine also prospect control room) has the function to make as far a remote view and an instructive round view possible over 360° as possible. On wooded mountains such a tower must tower above the highest trees clearly. In contrast of observatory, airport Tower and the like the prospect serves the spare time and the pleasure. In the form the older observation towers are shared to often medieval control rooms. Beside solid buildings of stones gives it in addition, stands from wood or cast iron and/or rolled steel profiles. A likewise frequent variant are prospect platforms or terraces with restaurants or on the roof of mountain stations of an aerial ropeway. Frequently observation towers are used also as location of radio services within the UKW range (UKW sound broadcasting, TV, public rural broadcasting service, portable radio service). In some cases this use way can be at least as important, as as observation tower. Such towers are usually called TV tower or telecommunication tower. Such towers are equipped frequently also with a tower restaurant and for the visitors are available an elevator. Likewise far common, the use of water towers is as observation tower. As is the case for TV towers here the visitor arrives usually with an elevator at the prospect platform, which is usually lower however (typical height of the prospect platform of water towers: 20 meters up to 50 meters, typical height of the prospect platform of TV towers: 80 meters up to 200 meters, in some cases also more highly). Also some church towers possess prospect platforms. However here an elevator is available for the visitors only in exceptional cases. In the wind park Holtriem is since 1998 a wind energy plant with a prospect platform. Besides there are also some tower-like monuments and other buildings of towers, how shining or bell towers, which has a prospect platform, like the citizens of Berlin victory column. Also with these buildings no elevator is available as a rule for the visitors. Prospect platforms can be attached also on sports sites like the Bergiselschanze
History In Germany observation towers in free nature became for the first time end 18. Century first often builds, from aristocrats. Starting from the center 19. Century turned into this task of building on the citizenry and by associations and committees was carried; High point of these activities was in the second empire. In Austria and Switzerland many prospect control rooms were established by alpine and tourist associations, and/or cared for now by them. On waldigen mountains in the environment of capitals also noble one and citizen committees were active; many control rooms carry - because of the long reign of emperor Franz Joseph - the name anniversary control room. Large observation towers developed only for end 19. Century after invention of the elevator. Here above all the Eiffelturm and the Blackpool Tower are to be called. In Germany fairground of the citizens of Berlin radio tower developed as combined sending and observation tower between 1924 and 1926 on the citizen of Berlin. After that 2. World war existed - in particular for the structure of television networks - a large need at high towers. In particular in numerous large cities the desire existed to provide these towers with a tower restaurant and a prospect platform, which should make the building of towers more economical on the one hand by the admission fees of the visitors and on the other hand a prestige object represented. Also with the building of some water towers one employed this consideration. Unfortunately are today some these towers closed.
Special observation towers
To the third German radio exhibition the citizen of Berlin radio tower, a steel lattice construction was built by 150 m height, by Straumer, inaugurated on 3 September 1926 with much Pomp. At that time a technical master achievement. That was radiated from here world-wide first UKW radio program and on the occasion of the olympic plays 1936 also the first regular television program. The citizen of Berlin radio tower is the only observation tower of the world, for which on insulators stands. The Funkturm Berlin The Berliner Funkturm or Funkturm Berlin (Radio Tower Berlin) is a transmitting tower in Berlin, built between 1924 and 1926 by Heinrich Straumer. ...
Literature Joachim Kleinmanns: Schau ins Land. Aussichtstürme. Marburg: Jonas-Verlag, 1999, 152 S. brosch., 20 EUR, ISBN 3-89445-252-8
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