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The October 2000 events is a term used to describe several days of protests in northern Israel that soon escalated into clashes between Arab citizens of Israel and Israel Police. Arab citizens of Israel, Arabs of Israel or Arab population of Israel are terms used by Israeli authorities and Israeli Hebrew-speaking media to refer to non-Jewish Arabs who are citizens of the State of Israel. ...
Israeli Police logo The Israel Police (משטרת ישר×ל Mishteret Yisrael) is a civilian force in the State of Israel. ...
Thirteen people, 12 Arab citizens of Israel and one Palestinian from the Gaza Strip, were shot and killed by the Israeli police,[1] and one Jewish citizen was killed by a rock thought to originate from Arab citizens. The disturbances began after Palestinians in East Jerusalem, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip began what is now known as the Al-Aqsa Intifada. East Jerusalem is that part of Jerusalem which was held by Jordan from the 1948 Arab-Israeli War until the Six-Day War in 1967. ...
For other uses, see al-Aqsa (disambiguation). ...
Israeli media outlets refer to the events as "The October 2000 Riots" or "October 2000 Events" (אירועי אוקטובר 2000). [2] Arab citizens of Israel sometimes refer to it as "The October Ignition" (هبة أكتوبر). [3] Arab citizens of Israel, Arabs of Israel or Arab population of Israel are terms used by Israeli authorities and Israeli Hebrew-speaking media to refer to non-Jewish Arabs who are citizens of the State of Israel. ...
The Or Commission was established to investigate the root causes for the events of October 2000, and specifically, the police response to these events. The Or Commission (Hebrew: ועדת ×ור; the full name is ועדת החקירה הממלכתית לבירור ×”×”×ª× ×’×©×•×™×•×ª בין כוחות הביטחון לבין ××–×¨×—×™× ×™×©×¨××œ×™× ×‘×וקטובר 2000) was an Israeli panel of inquiry appointed to investigate the issue of Israeli police treatment of Arabs. ...
Background -
In September 2000, tensions between the police and the community were approaching a breaking point. Israel Police Northern District Commander Alik Ron's 12 September had requested an investigation of Hadash MK Mohammad Barakeh for inciting violence against police. At a meeting of the Supreme Follow-up Committee of Israeli Arabs the next day in Kafar Manda, United Arab List's MK Abdulmalik Dehamshe declared that “We will beat or forcefully attack any policeman and we will break his hands if he comes to demolish an Arab house … we are on the verge of an Intifada among Israel’s Arabs following Alik Ron’s incitement.”[4] For other uses, see al-Aqsa (disambiguation). ...
September 12 is the 255th day of the year (256th in leap years). ...
Hadash (חדש) is a far left wing, largely Arab [1], popular front group in Israel made up of the Communist Party of Israel and other left-leaning political groups. ...
Mohammad Barakeh, Israeli Arab politician. ...
United Arab List (RAAM, Hebrew. ...
On 14 September, a total strike was held in Nazareth following following the murder of Nabieh Nussier, 52, with the stated aim of protesting the "police’s incompetence in handling violence and crime."[4] September 14 is the 257th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (258th in leap years). ...
On 30 September, the Supreme Follow-up Committee of Israeli Arabs -called for the Arab community to mount a general strike to protest the killings of five Palestinians by Israeli security forces in the Jerusalem clashes of the previous day, which many consider the first day of the al-Aqsa Intifada.[5] For other uses, see al-Aqsa (disambiguation). ...
Demonstrations from among the Arab communities throughout northern Israel followed, becoming more widespread after television viewers watched the death of 12-year-old Muhammad al-Dura, shot at Netzarim Junction on 30 September in the Gaza Strip.[6][7]
Timeline
1 October Arab-Israeli protests and civil-disobedience in solidarity with the Palestinians began to show signs of violence following the proclamation of a general strike by the Arab Higher Monitoring Committee to protest the deaths of rioters in Jerusalem the previous day.[8] Although there were clashes throughout northern Israel, the most intense violence occurred in Umm al-Fahm where two were killed, and in Jat, in which one person was killed. Umm al-Fahm (Arabic أم الÙØÙ…, Hebrew ××•× ×ל-פח×) is a city in the Haifa District in Israel. ...
Baqa-Jat is a city in the Haifa District of Israel. ...
In a number of areas police came under gunfire, and demonstrators threw Molotov cocktails. An Egged bus was torched at Umm al-Fahm.[4] Muhammad Ahmad 'Eiq Al-Jabarin was fatally shot in the abdomen. In street battles that followed with police, 19-year old Ibrahim Sayyam Al-Jabarin sustained critical head injuries and died in the hospital the next day.[9] Molotov cocktail is the generic name for a variety of crude incendiary weapons. ...
Egged Bus Cooperative is the largest bus company in Israel - and - the worlds second largest (second only to London Buses). ...
In Jat, Rami Khatem Gharra was shot in the eye by Border Policeman Rashed Murshid, and later died of his injuries. Murshid was firing rubber bullets at 15 metres towards the upper body, in contravention to that weapon's non-lethal operation directive to be used at longer range towards the lower body. Many others were wounded.[10] Baqa-Jat is a city in the Haifa District of Israel. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Non-lethal round. ...
Non-lethal force is force which is not inherently likely to kill or cause great bodily injury to a living target. ...
2 October The deadliest day of the events with six people killed in various incidents.
Asil Asala, 17, was killed after being shot at close range by Israeli police with live ammunition in Arrabe. His father reported that he was sitting under an olive tree watching the demonstrations when police chased, surrounded and shot him.[11] Alaa Nassar, 18, was also shot in the chest in Arrabe, and died the same day.[4]
Misleh Hussein Abu Jarad from Deir al-Balah in the Gaza Strip was killed and at least seven others were injured in Umm al-Fahm, after Commander of the Northern District, Alik Ron, gave orders to snipers to open fire with live-ammunition on stone-throwers in contravention with Police procedure.[10]
Walid Abdul-Menem Abu Saleh, 21, and Emad Farraj Ghanaym, 25, were killed in an industrial area in the Sakhnin area/Misgav Regional Council, when police fired live ammunition to disperse stone-throwers.[10] Walid was shot in the head and Emad in the chest.[citation needed] Sakhnin (Arabic: سخنين; Hebrew: ×¡×—× ×™×Ÿ) is an Arab town in northern Israel. ...
The Misgav Regional Council is a regional council in the Galilee region in the north of Israel. ...
Demonstrators in Nazareth threw stones, burned tyres, looted and burned shops.[4] Iyad Lawabni, 26, was shot in the chest and died the same day[citation needed] after a confrontation there with Police. Approximately 100 others were hurt, including one woman who was seriously injured after getting shot. Dozens of residents of the Arab suburb of Mashhad approaching a Jewish neighbourhood of Upper Nazareth smashed house and car windows and were ultimately driven away by police.
Traffic was blocked with burning tyres on Route 65, a main artery connecting northern and central Israel. A Jewish man was attacked and pulled from his car by local youth, which they then torched. Three banks in Baqa al-Gharbiyye were set on fire.[4] Baqa al-Gharbiyye (Arabic باقة الغربية, Hebrew ב×קה ×ל-גרביה; unofficially also spelled Baqa al-Gharbiya) is a city in the Haifa District in Israel. ...
3 October Ramez Bushnak, 24, from Kafar Manda, was shot in the head and died the same day during a confrontation with police, who explicitly denied claims that he was shot from close range. Dozens of residents clashed with police blocking the way to Jewish neighbourhoods in Misgav. Mohammed Khameisi, from Kafar Kanna was wounded in the leg and died the following day, though the nature and cause of his wound is debated.[citation needed] The funerals of those killed in previous days became focal points of renewed clashes.[4] The Misgav Regional Council is a regional council in the Galilee region in the north of Israel. ...
Kafar Kanna (Hebrew: , Arabic: ‎), known as Kfar Kana in Hebrew and Kafr Kana in Arabic, is an Israeli-Arab town in the Northern District of Israel. ...
Extensive forest fires which Israel Police believed were the result of Arab Israeli arsonists caused the evacuations of some residents.[4]
4-6 October Following the meeting between Barak and the Arab Higher Monitoring Committee, a general calm reigned with only minimal violence, including on 6 October, on which a "Palestinian day of rage" had been announced. [citation needed] October 6 is the 279th day of the year (280th in leap years). ...
On 5 October, hundreds of Arab residents of Jaffa burned tires, threw rocks, and beat some reporters.[4] October 5 is the 278th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (279th in Leap years). ...
Jaffa port Jaffa (Hebrew יָפוֹ, Standard Hebrew Yafo, Tiberian Hebrew YÄp̄ô; Arabic يَاÙَا ; also Japho, Joppa; also, ~1350 B.C.E. Amarna Letters, Yapu), is an ancient port city located in Israel on the Mediterranean Sea. ...
On 6 October mourners in Kafar Kanna at a funeral of one of those killed in clashes stoned and moderately injured a Jewish motorist from Tiberias. The next day, hundreds of Jewish youth in Tiberias burned tyres, attacked a mosque, and attempted to assault Arabs.[4] Dozens of haredi youth stoned Arab traffic in Jerusalem and attacked Palestinian labourers, who were subsequently rescued by police.[4] October 6 is the 279th day of the year (280th in leap years). ...
Kafar Kanna (Hebrew: , Arabic: ‎), known as Kfar Kana in Hebrew and Kafr Kana in Arabic, is an Israeli-Arab town in the Northern District of Israel. ...
Tiberias in 1862, the ruins reminiscent of its ancient heritage. ...
Haredi Judaism, also called ultra-Orthodox Judaism, is the most theologically conservative form of Judaism. ...
The term Palestinian has other usages, for which see definitions of Palestinian. ...
7 October Although a mostly calm day, clashes broke out following the abduction of three Israeli soldiers by Hezbollah fighters, including for the first time clashes between Arab and Jewish civilians,[citation needed] and the first Jewish citizen killed. Combatants Hezbollah Israel Commanders Hassan Nasrallah (Secretary General) Dan Halutz (CoS) Moshe Kaplinsky[5] Udi Adam (Regional) Strength 1,000-10,000[2] militants 30,000 ground troops [6] (plus IAF & ISC) Casualties Hezbollah militia: Dead: Hezbollah: 74[3] IDF: 540[4] Captured: 21 Allied militia: Amal: 17[3] LCP...
Jewish and Arab youth threw rocks at each other near a shopping mall on the border between Jewish and Arab neighbourhoods in Nazareth. Arab traffic in Upper Nazareth was stoned.[4]
A Jewish citizen, Bachor Jann from Rishon LeZion, was killed after being hit by a stone thought to have been thrown by those taking part in the protests in Jisr az-Zarqa while driving on the Haifa-Tel Aviv freeway.[12][13] A scuffle at an Or Aqiva shopping mall between Jewish and Arab citizens resulted in an attack on the responding police and the throwing of a Molotov cocktail.[4] Rishon Le Zion in 2002 Rishon LeZion, or Rishon LeZiyyon (ראשון לציון) is a city in Israel, on the central coastal strip, in the Center District of Israel, just south of Tel Aviv, and part of the Tel Aviv metropolitan area (Gush...
Jisr az-Zarqa (Arabic: ‎, Hebrew: lit. ...
Highway 2 (Hebrew: , Kvish 2) is an Israeli highway located on the coastal plain of the Mediterranean Sea. ...
Or Aqiva (×ור עקיב×; unofficially also spelled Or Akiva) is a city in the Haifa District in Israel. ...
8 October Thousands of Jewish citizens participated in violent acts against Arabs. Jewish civilians from Upper Nazareth head down the hill to Nazareth where they attacked Arab civilians. Police used tear gas and live ammunition against Arab citizens.[4] Nazerat Illit (נצרת עילית; sometimes spelled Nazareth Illit) is a city in the North District in Israel. ...
Nazareth (IPA: ) (Arabic الناصرة an-NÄá¹£ira lit. ...
Wissam Yazbak, 24, and Omar Mohammad Akkawi, 52, were killed, and at least five others were wounded, after Commander of the Valleys region, Moshe Waldman, ordered Israel Police to use live ammunition at the Canyon Junction between the Arab and Jewish neighbourhoods of Nazareth.[10] Wissam, 25, sustained a fatal head wound.[14]
Three Arab owned apartments were torched in a Mizrahi neighbourhood of Tel-Aviv, and hundreds of residents clashed with police. Demonstrators forced two Arab employees out of a restaurant and burned it, as well as two Arab owned cars parked in front of it.[4] Mizrahi Jews, or Mizrahim (מזרחי Easterner, Standard Hebrew , Tiberian Hebrew ; plural ×ž×–×¨×—×™× Easterners, Standard Hebrew , Tiberian Hebrew ) sometimes also called Edot HaMizrah (Congregations of the East) are Jews descended from the Jewish communities of the Middle East. ...
Panorama showing north Tel Aviv (right) and Ramat Gan (left) taken from Tel Aviv University The Azrieli Towers, a central part of the citys skyline and its tallest buildings. ...
9 October Events focused around Jewish civilian disorder, though Arab civilians had not yet ceased their actions. Attempts at achieving calm by and large did not succeed.[15]
Hundreds of Jews broke windows in a Nazareth shopping mall and set fire to two cars. The mayor of Karmiel was attacked when he tried to calm a thousand rampaging Jewish citizens there. Jewish citizens damaged Arab property in Bat Yam and Petah Tikva.[4] Karmiel Karmiel is a city in northern Israel. ...
Bat Yam (בת ×™×) is a city in Israel, on the central coastal strip, just south of Tel Aviv, and part of the metropolis known as Gush Dan, in the Tel Aviv District. ...
The Coat of Arms of Petah-Tikva Petah-Tikva (Hebrew פֶּתַח-תִּקְוָה opening of hope, Standard Hebrew Pétaḥ-Tiqva, also transliterated as Petach Tikva, Petah Tikvah, Petach Tikvah, Petaḥ Tiqwa or Petach Tiqwa) and nicknamed as Mother of Cities, is a city in the west of the Center District of Israel...
A group of young Jews stormed and desecrated a Muslim sanctuary in the heart of the Arab old city of Acre.[16]
The newspaper Al-Ittihad reported that in the Jewish town of Rosh HaAyin, four men stabbed an Arab worker on his way to his employment in a local supermarket. Two other Arabs were stabbed "in a fight with Jewish rioters in a Tel Aviv suburb."[17] In the mixed neighbourhood of Jaffa, a mosque was torched and attempts were made to burn Jewish apartments and two synagogues. In Ramle, a synagogue was nearly burned down and traffic was stoned and firebombed, while in Lod, a Jewish citizen was shot, a school was burned down, and attempts were made to set a police station on fire.[15] Rosh HaAyin (רֹ××©× ×”Ö¸×¢Ö¸×™Ö´×Ÿ (Originally Ancient Israelite town of Aphek) origin of the spring is a city in the Center District of Israel in Israel. ...
Jaffa port Jaffa (Hebrew יָפוֹ, Standard Hebrew Yafo, Tiberian Hebrew YÄp̄ô; Arabic يَاÙَا ; also Japho, Joppa; also, ~1350 B.C.E. Amarna Letters, Yapu), is an ancient port city located in Israel on the Mediterranean Sea. ...
Ramla (Hebrew רמלה Ramlāh; Arabic الرملة ar-Ramlah, colloquial Ramleh), is a city in the Center District of Israel in Israel. ...
Downtown area of Lod Lod (Hebrew לוֹד; Arabic اَلْلÙدّْ al-Ludd, Greco-Latin Lydda, Tiberian Hebrew לֹד LÅá¸) is a city in the Center District of Israel in Israel. ...
In Nazareth, a crowd of mourners from Yazbak and Akkawi's funeral approached the police station and threw rocks and firebombs at it, despite the police's decision to keep all officers inside and out of sight until quiet set in. The police responded with tear-gas; when the stone-throwing continued, the assistant-mayor and two Arab Knesset members on the scene guaranteed a cessation in exchange for a police retreat, which they did. Arab youths also vandalised traffic signals at the Canyon Junction.[15]
Several hundred youth from Umm-al-Fahm stoned dozens of passing vehicles on Highway 65 and vandalised utility poles. The assistant mayor unsuccessfully attempted to stop the youths per agreements with police to avoid their involvement. The police still decided to keep distance, and the Umm-al-Fahm municipality finally cleared debris from the road allowing it to be reopened.[15]
10 October Calm finally held, with a sharp reduction in violent clashes.[citation needed]
Reactions The Arab Human Rights Association, and other Arab-Israeli NGOs have cited the “deep rooted frustration [of Arabs] at their own status as second class Israeli citizens,” as an underlying factor accounting for the widespread involvement of Arab citizens of Israel in the protests.[18] Arab citizens of Israel, Arabs of Israel or Arab population of Israel are terms used by Israeli authorities and Israeli Hebrew-speaking media to refer to non-Jewish Arabs who are citizens of the State of Israel. ...
Dr. Marwan Dwairy noted that: "The protest of October 2000 is considered an important landmark in the narrative of the Arab Palestinian citizens of Israel, from the establishment of the state until the present day. Numerous other landmarks predated October 2000, the most important of which being 'Land Day' in 1976."[19] Land Day (Arabic: يوم الأرض transliterated yawm al-ard), March 30, is a day on which Israeli Arabs yearly protest Israeli expropriation of land. ...
References - ^ Yair Ettinger. Extermism isn't Growing, but Fear is. Ha'aretz. Retrieved on 02.20.06.
- ^ Sharon Roffe-Ofir (11.20.06). Families of October 2000 victims reject compensation. Ynet News.
- ^ احداث هبة أكتوبر 2000: "المؤسسة الاسرائيلية تغطي على المجرم ومن حقنا التوجه للعالم". Arabs48.com (9.15.2005).
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p [1]
- ^ Graham Usher (12 - 18 October 2000). Uprising Wipes Off Green Line. al-Ahram Weekly.
- ^ Graham Usher (12 - 18 October 2000). Uprising Wipes Off Green Line. al-Ahram Weekly.
- ^ Israel and the Occupied Territories:Mass Arrests and Police Brutality. Amnesty International (November 10, 2000).
- ^ Graham Usher (12 - 18 October 2000). Uprising Wipes Off Green Line. al-Ahram Weekly.
- ^ Weekly Review of the Arab Press in Israel. Arab Human Rights Association (Tuesday 26 September - Monday 2 October 2000).
- ^ a b c d October 2000: Briefing on Criminal Responsibility. Adalah (September 18, 2005).
- ^ Aaron Tahauko (September 15, 2005). "They're Killing Us All Over Again". Arabs Against Discrimination.
- ^ [2]
- ^ [3]
- ^ Aaron Tahauko (September 15, 2005). "They're Killing Us All Over Again". Arabs Against Discrmination.
- ^ a b c d Official Or Report Timeline (Hebrew)
- ^ Weekly Review of the Arab Press in Israel (Tuesday 10 - Monday 16 October 2000).
- ^ Weekly Review of the Arab Press in Israel (Tuesday 10 - Monday 16 October 2000).
- ^ Discrimination Diary (October 25, 2000). Delusions of Coexistence in the Galilee: The aftermath of the events of October among the Arab community in Israel. Arab Human Rights Association.
- ^ Dr. Marwan Dwairy (October 2004, Volume 6). Introductory Remarks. Adalah's Newsletter.
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