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Encyclopedia > Octopus card
Obverse side of a standard adult card.

The Octopus card is a rechargeable contactless stored value smart card used to transfer electronic payments in online or offline systems in Hong Kong. Originally launched in September 1997 to collect fares for the city's mass transit system, the Octopus card system has since grown into a widely-used payment system for virtually all public transport in Hong Kong.[1] It is also used for payment at convenience stores, supermarkets, fast-food restaurants, on-street parking meters, car parks, and many other point-of-sale applications such as service stations and vending machines.[2] The Octopus card has garnered international recognition, winning the Chairman's Award of the World Information Technology and Services Alliance's 2006 Global IT Excellence Award for being the world's leading complex automatic fare collection and contactless smartcard payment system, and for its innovative use of technologies.[3] According to Octopus Cards Limited, operator of the Octopus card system, there are currently over 14 million cards in circulation, used by 95% of the population of Hong Kong, generating over 10 million daily transactions worth a total of about HK$29 billion (US$3.7 billion) a year.[4] Download high resolution version (992x671, 95 KB)New picture of front of Octopus card. ... Download high resolution version (992x671, 95 KB)New picture of front of Octopus card. ... Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a method of remotely storing and retrieving data using devices called RFID tags. ... Smart card used for health insurance in France. ... Electronic money (or digital money) refers to cash and transactions using electronic means, encompassing the use of computer networks (such as the Internet) and digital stored value systems. ... A taxi serving as a bus Public transport comprises all transport systems in which the passengers do not travel in their own vehicles. ... Public light buses (left) and double-decker buses (right) carry many passengers in Hong Kong everyday. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Exterior of a typical British supermarket (a Tesco Extra) Exterior of typical North American supermarket (a Safeway) This Flagship Randalls store in Houston, Texas is an example of an upscale supermarket. ... A fast-food restaurant is a restaurant characterized both by food which is supplied quickly after ordering, and by minimal service. ... A traditional style parking meter A parking meter is a device used to collect money in exchange for the right to park a vehicle in a particular place for a limited amount of time. ... Parking lot is the American English term that refers to a cleared area that is more or less level and is intended for parking vehicles. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... A vending machine is a machine that provides various snacks, beverages and other products to consumers. ... This article is about the operator of the namesake card. ... The Hong Kong Dollar (ISO 4217: HKD) is the official currency of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) within the Peoples Republic of China. ... The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States. ...

Contents

Name and logo

A Möbius strip made out of paper and adhesive tape.
A Möbius strip made out of paper and adhesive tape.

The Cantonese name for the Octopus card, Baat Daaht Tùng (Traditional Chinese: 八達通), literally means "eight-place pass". It was selected by the head of the MTR Corporation, the parent company of Octopus Cards Limited, in a naming competition held in 1996.[5] The number eight is a significant number in Chinese in that it is often used to indicate "many". For instance, the phrase sei tùng baat daaht (Traditional Chinese: 四通八達) is a common expression loosely translated as "reachable in all directions". It is also considered a lucky number in Chinese culture. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1328x824, 295 KB) Please see the file description page for further information. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1328x824, 295 KB) Please see the file description page for further information. ... Cantonese is a major dialect group or language of the Chinese language, a member of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. ... Traditional Chinese (Traditional Chinese: 正體字/繁體字, Simplified Chinese: 正体字/繁体字) refers to one of two standard sets of printed Chinese characters. ... This article is about the metro system operator. ... Traditional Chinese (Traditional Chinese: 正體字/繁體字, Simplified Chinese: 正体字/繁体字) refers to one of two standard sets of printed Chinese characters. ... In Chinese culture, certain numbers are believed by some to be lucky or unlucky based on the Chinese word that the number name sounds similar to. ...


The English name "Octopus card" was also selected from the naming competition,[6] and coincides with the number eight in the Cantonese name, since an octopus has eight tentacles. It is also particularly appropriate since an octopus is thought to be able to grab many things at the same time and this ability is conferred upon its cardholders who can use it in many different types of transactions. The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Suborders †Pohlsepia (incertae sedis) †Proteroctopus (incertae sedis) †Palaeoctopus (incertae sedis) Cirrina Incirrina Synonyms Octopoida Leach, 1817 The octopus (Greek , eight-legs) is a cephalopod of the order Octopoda that inhabits many diverse regions of the ocean, especially coral reefs. ... Tentacles can refer to the elongated flexible organs that are present in some animals, especially invertebrates, and sometimes to the hairs of the leaves of some insectivorous plants. ...


The logo used on the card features a Möbius strip twisted sideways and into the shape of the arabic numeral for the number eight, "8", in order to indicate the card's "infinite" possibilities. The mathematical symbol for infinity, "∞", looks like a sideways "8" and is commonly thought to be derived from the Möbius strip. A model Möbius strip made with a piece of paper and tape. ... Numerals sans-serif Arabic numerals, known formally as Hindu-Arabic numerals, and also as Indian numerals, Hindu numerals, Western Arabic numerals, European numerals, or Western numerals, are the most common symbolic representation of numbers around the world. ... Euclid, Greek mathematician, 3rd century BC, as imagined by by Raphael in this detail from The School of Athens. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ...


Types of Octopus cards

Two main types of Octopus cards exist, On-Loan cards and Sold cards, together with two other less common types, the Airport Express Tourist Octopus and the MTR Airport Staff Octopus.


On-Loan cards are issued for usage in day-to-day functions, primarily for fare payment in transport systems. No identification is required for the purchase of On-Loan cards. If an owner loses a card, only the stored value and the deposit of the card are lost. This type of Octopus card is anonymous; no personal information, bank account or credit card details are stored on the card.[7] On-Loan cards are further classified into Child, Adult, Elder, and Personalised categories, with the first three based on age and different amounts of fare concession.[8] There was also another category of On-Loan cards, a violet-coloured Octopus card for students, that is now discontinued[citation needed]. This card has since been replaced with the Personalised card with "student status". On-Loan Octopus cards may be purchased at all Mass Transit Railway (MTR) stations, all Kowloon Canton Railway (KCR) stations, the Kowloon Motor Bus (KMB) Customer Service Centre, New World First Ferry (NWFF) Octopus Service Centres, and the New World First Bus (NWFB) Customer Service Centre.[9] This article is about MTR as a metro system. ... The Kowloon-Canton Railway (KCR; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is a railway network in Hong Kong, China, comprising intercity rapid transit and light rail systems. ... The Kowloon Motor Bus Company (1933) Limited (KMB; Chinese: ), a company of the Transport International Holdings Limited, is the largest franchised bus operators in Hong Kong, and one of the largest privately owned public bus operators in the world. ... New World First Ferry (新世界第一渡輪, First Ferry) is a ferry company in Hong Kong. ... New World First Bus Services Limited (First Bus, or NWFB) was established in 1998, taking over China Motor Buss franchise on 1 September 1998 to provide bus services on Hong Kong Island together with Citybus. ...

Types of On-Loan Octopus cards
Type Picture/Colour Cost and use
Child Children aged between 3 and 11. This card is sold for HK$70 with an initial value of HK$20. Children's fares are deducted where applicable.
Adult The standard version of the Octopus card. This card is sold for HK$150 with an initial value of HK$100. This colour is also used for the logo of Octopus Cards Limited, the operator.
Elder Green Eligibility varies between different public transport companies, and even between operating routes within the same company — for example, 60 years of age or above for Citybus, 65 for KMB. If no elder fares are available, adult fares are deducted. This card is sold for HK$70 with an initial value of HK$20.
Obverse side of a rainbow-coloured Octopus card

The rainbow-coloured Personalised card is available upon registration. The name and, if opted, a photo of the holder are imprinted on the cards. They can function automatically as a Child, Adult, or Elder card by recognising the cardholder's age stored on the card, hence accounting for different concessionary fares. As of 2003, there were 380,000 holders of Personalised Octopus cards[citation needed]. In addition to all the functions of an ordinary card, this card can be used as a key card for access to residential and office buildings.[10] If a Personalised card is lost, the holder may report the loss by phone to prevent unauthorised use of the card. A refund would then be issued to the holder of the card for the deposit and the value that remained on the card six hours after the loss is reported, minus a HK$30 card cost and a HK$20 handling fee.[11] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 500 pixel Image in higher resolution (1011 × 632 pixel, file size: 149 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) en: A Child Octopus card zh: 小童八達通卡 This card is scanned by me in order to introduce this card. ... Download high resolution version (992x671, 95 KB)New picture of front of Octopus card. ... Citybus is one of the three major bus operators in Hong Kong. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1011x632, 162 KB) Unknown - uploader has been asked about coyright status Summary en: A Personalized Octopus card zh: 個人八達通卡 Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Octopus card KCR Light Rail ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1011x632, 162 KB) Unknown - uploader has been asked about coyright status Summary en: A Personalized Octopus card zh: 個人八達通卡 Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Octopus card KCR Light Rail ...


To be eligible for a Personalised card with student status, the applicant must be a full-time Hong Kong student aged between 12 and 25.[12] This type of Personalised card is automatically issued to a student who applies for student concessionary privileges. Additionally, they can be used for various school administrative tasks such as the recording of student attendance and the management of library loans.[13] Julio Pérez Ferrero Library - Cúcuta, Colombia A modern-style library in Chambéry A library is a collection of information resources and services, organized for use, and maintained by a public body, institution, or private individual. ...


In contrast to On-Loan cards, Sold cards are sponsored and branded cards.[14] They are souvenir cards that are frequently released by Octopus Cards Limited. The designs for these cards usually come from fictional characters in popular culture, or they are inspired by Chinese cultural events such as Chinese New Year. These cards are sold at a premium, have limited or no initial stored value, and cannot be refunded, but they can otherwise be used as ordinary cards. An example of the Sold card is the Mcmug and Mcdull collection. It was launched at the end of January of 2007 to coincide with the beginning of the Year of the Pig, it features two differently designed versions of the card and is sold for HK$138 per set. Each set comes with an Adult Octopus card, with a pouch for the card, a matching strap and a Mcmug or Mcdull ornament.[15] Octopus Cards Limited has launched new collections of these cards for such occasions as the Mid-Autumn Festival, the passing of the year 2004, and the release of the movie DragonBlade. These limited-edition cards are becoming collectibles, with the rarest, probably an Andy Lau tour card, being worth many thousands of Hong Kong dollars[citation needed]. Sold Octopus cards may be purchased at selected MTR and KCR stations, and all 7-Eleven stores.[9] Chinese culture has roots going back over five thousand years. ... Chinese New Year (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ), or Spring Festival or the Lunar New Year (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ), is the most important of the traditional Chinese holidays. ... McMug McMug (Traditional Chinese: 麥嘜) is a cartoon pig who first appeared in Mingpao weekly magazine in 1988. ... McDull (麥兜) is a cartoon pig character that was created in Hong Kong by Alice Mak and Brian Tse (who also created another cartoon pig called McMug). ... Hai (亥) is the twelfth sign of the Earthly Branches. ... Mid-Autumn Festival celebrations in Victoria Park, Hong Kong. ... Andy Lau in Infernal Affairs (2002) Andy Lau Tak-wah (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Cantonese: Làu Dākwà) (born September 27, 1961 in Hong Kong as 劉福榮 Làu Fūkwìng) is a Hong Kong pop star and a movie actor. ... 7-Eleven is an international franchisor, licensor, and operator of the largest chain of convenience stores in eighteen countries including: Canada, United States, Mexico and Puerto Rico in the Americas; Norway, Sweden and Denmark in Europe; mainland China, Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan and Taiwan in East Asia; Philippines, Thailand...


The special-purpose card, Airport Express Tourist Octopus, was introduced by Octopus Cards Limited to target tourists in Hong Kong. There are two versions of this card, a HK$220 card with a free single ride on the Airport Express, the Mass Transit Railway (MTR) train line that runs between the Hong Kong International Airport and the urban areas of Hong Kong, and a HK$300 card with two free single rides included. The airport journeys are valid for 180 days from the date of purchase. Both versions allow three days of unlimited rides on the MTR, and include HK$20 in usable value for non-MTR rides or other uses, and a HK$50 refundable deposit. More value on these cards may be added if necessary. These tourist Octopus cards may be used only by tourists staying in Hong Kong for 14 or fewer days; users may be required to produce a passport showing their arrival date in Hong Kong. Airport Express Tourist Octopus is available for purchase at all MTR stations.[16] Several tourists looking at the night view of the Victoria Harbour at Tsim Sha Tsui, Hong Kong. ... This is the complete route map of the Airport Express. ... This article is about MTR as a metro system. ... Hong Kong International Airport (IATA: HKG, ICAO: VHHH) (Chinese: 香港國際機場; Jyutping: hoeng1 gong2 gwok3 zai3 gei1 coeng4; Mandarin Pinyin: ) is the principal airport in Hong Kong. ...


The other special-purpose card, the MTR Airport Staff Octopus, is available for the staff of Hong Kong International Airport and AsiaWorld-Expo, a convention centre close to the airport, for commuting at a reduced fare between the airport and MTR stations via the Airport Express. Staff who apply for the card may use it for a discount of up to 64% for Airport Express single journey fares.[17] The MTR Airport Staff Octopus is available upon application via the company for which that a staff member works.[18] Logo of AsiaWorld-Expo The AsiaWorld-Expo is one of the two major convention and exhibition facilities in Hong Kong along with Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre. ...


Octopus card usage

Initially, the Octopus card was introduced for fare payment on the MTR, but the use of the card quickly expanded for multiple purposes. The card can now be used to pay fares for all public transport in Hong Kong and to make purchases for consumer products at many stores in the city; it is accepted by more than 160 merchants. Some notable businesses that accept Octopus cards include PARKnSHOP, Watsons, 7-Eleven, Starbucks, McDonald's, and Circle K. The card can be used in many soft drink vending machines, pay phones, photo booths, parking meters, and car parks.[19] Aside from consumer transactions, Octopus cards can also be used for access control in buildings[10] and for school administrative functions.[13] Also, as of 2004-11-21, all parking meters in Hong Kong had been converted to using the Octopus card as the form of payment.[20] PARKnSHOP (Chinese: ) is one of the two largest supermarket chains in Hong Kong. ... A Watsons drugstore in a shopping mall in Singapore. ... 7-Eleven is an international franchisor, licensor, and operator of the largest chain of convenience stores in eighteen countries including: Canada, United States, Mexico and Puerto Rico in the Americas; Norway, Sweden and Denmark in Europe; mainland China, Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan and Taiwan in East Asia; Philippines, Thailand... Starbucks Corporation is a coffeehouse chain based in the United States. ... McDonalds Corporation (NYSE: MCD) is the worlds largest chain of fast-food restaurants, primarily selling hamburgers, chicken, french fries, milkshakes and soft drinks. ... Circle K South-Terakata East Shop（Osaka Moriguchi Japan） Circle K is a trademark owned by the ConocoPhillips oil company to designate a chain of company operated and franchised convenience stores in the United States. ... A soft drink is a drink that contains no alcohol. ... A vending machine is a machine that provides various snacks, beverages and other products to consumers. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 21 is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...


Payment using Octopus Cards

Octopus card reader at a McDonald's restaurant in Central.
Octopus card reader at a McDonald's restaurant in Central.
Octopus reader at an MTR ticket gate.
Octopus reader at an MTR ticket gate.

Making or recording a payment using the card for public transportation or while purchasing items at Octopus-enabled retailers can be done by holding the card against or waving it over an Octopus card reader from up to a few centimetres away, even if the card is held in a wallet or a purse. The reader will acknowledge payment by emitting a beep sound, and display the amount deducted and the remaining balance of the card.[21] Standard transaction time for readers used for public transport is 0.3 seconds, while that of readers used for retailers is 1 second.[22] When riding the MTR and KCR systems, the entry point of commuters is noted when a passenger enters, and the appropriate amount based on distance traveled will be deducted when the users show their card again at the exit point. A higher pitched sound will be emitted if the card is not accepted, in the event that the stored value is insufficient to handle the requested transaction, or if the reader is unable to read the card owing to interference or because insufficient time is given for the reader to scan the card.[citation needed] Download high resolution version (1280x960, 96 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (1280x960, 96 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... McDonalds Corporation (NYSE: MCD) is the worlds largest chain of fast-food restaurants, primarily selling hamburgers, chicken, french fries, milkshakes and soft drinks. ... Toms Restaurant, a restaurant in New York made familiar by Suzanne Vega and the television sitcom Seinfeld A restaurant is an establishment that serves prepared food and beverages to order, to be consumed on the premises. ... Location within the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Click here for satellite image) District Council Chairman Chan Tak-chor Constituencies 15 Area   â€“Land   â€“Water 12. ... Download high resolution version (1280x960, 51 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (1280x960, 51 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... This article is about the metro system in Hong Kong. ...


The MTR and KCR charge less for journeys made using an Octopus card instead of conventional single-journey tickets.[23] For example, the adult fare of a single journey from Chai Wan to Tung Chung is HK$23.10 with an Octopus card, and HK$26 with a single journey ticket.[24] The KCR also uses the Octopus card to store the status of its One-Month Pass scheme. Passengers who register and purchase the One-Month Pass can use their Octopus cards as access control for unlimited rides on the specified line for a month, and they can travel on KCR trains even if their Octopus cards have insufficient or negative stored value.[25] Other public transport operators also offer discounts, usually 10%, for using Octopus cards on higher fares and round-trip transits.[citation needed] MTR Train waiting to depart from Chai Wan Station. ... The Tung Chung Terminus The Tung Chung Line (東涌線) is one of the six lines of the MTR system in Hong Kong. ...


On 2005-11-06, Octopus Cards Limited launched Octopus Rewards, a program that allows cardholders to earn rewards at merchants that are partners in the program. Participating merchants provide consumers with tailor-made offers and privileges.[26] The "rewards" that the program offers are in the form of points, or "reward dollars", stored on the card. Once a card is registered for the program, the cardholder may accumulate reward points by making purchases at participating merchants, and payments may be made in the form of cash, credit cards, or Octopus cards themselves.[27] The rate at which reward points are earned per dollar-amount purchase differs by the merchant at which that the purchases are made. At Wellcome, for example, one point is earned for every purchase of HK$200;[28] and at Watsons, points are earned at a rate of 0.5% per dollar amount of a purchase.[29] Once these "reward dollars" are accumulated, they may be redeemed as payment for purchases at partner merchants for at least HK$1 per "reward dollar". However, the cardholder may not elect to only use a partial amount of "reward dollars" as payment. The amount must be used in whole, and if the purchase price is lower than the amount of "reward dollars" available, the amount difference remains stored on the card.[30] Founding partners for the Octopus Rewards program include HSBC, UA Cinemas, Watsons, Wellcome, and McDonald's.[31] 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 6 is the 310th day of the year (311th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 55 days remaining. ... Wellcome logo A Wellcome store in Robinson Road, Hong Kong. ... A Watsons drugstore in a shopping mall in Singapore. ... HSBC Holdings plc (LSE: HSBA, SEHK: 005, NYSE: HBC, Euronext: HSBC, BSX: 1077223879) is one of the largest banking groups in the world, ranked the fifth-largest company and third-largest banking company in the world in Forbes Global 2000. ... United Artists Theaters was a chain of movie theaters originally owned by the same investors as the Hollywood movie studio, United Artists. ...


Adding value and refunding

Octopus card Add Value Machines at the Wu Kai Sha KCR station.
Octopus card Add Value Machines at the Wu Kai Sha KCR station.

Monetary value can be added to the card through a number of ways. Add Value Machines, located at MTR and KCR stations, can be used to add more value to the cards. The machines accept cash, and selected machines are also able to accept Electronic Funds Transfer.[32] Alternatively, value may be added with cash at authorised service providers such as PARKnSHOP, Wellcome, Watsons, 7-Eleven, Circle K, and Café de Coral, and also at customer service centres and ticketing offices at other transport stations.[33] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (900x738, 1087 KB) Summary This is the Wu Kai Sha Station of the KCR Ma On Shan Rail. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (900x738, 1087 KB) Summary This is the Wu Kai Sha Station of the KCR Ma On Shan Rail. ... Wu Kai Sha (烏溪沙站) is the northeastern terminus on the KCR Ma On Shan Rail. ... Electronic funds transfer or EFT refers to the computer-based systems used to perform financial transactions electronically. ... A promotional poster of the restaurant Café de Coral (Traditional Chinese:大家樂) SEHK: 0341 is a fast food franchise based in Hong Kong. ...


An Octopus card may store a maximum value of HK$1,000,[34] with an On-Loan card having an initial deposit value of HK$50 and a Sold card having no initial deposit value. Negative value is incurred on a card if it is used with insufficient funds—both types of cards may carry a maximum negative value of HK$35 before value needs to be added to them again for use.[35] The maximum cost of a trip on any of the rail networks except the Airport Express and first class of the KCR East Rail is HK$34.8.[citation needed]


The Octopus Automatic Add Value Service (AAVS) is another method by which cardholders may add value to their cards. This service allows for money to be automatically deducted from a credit card and added to an Octopus card when the value of the Octopus card is less than zero dollars. The credit card used must be one offered by one of 22 financial institutions that participate in AAVS.[36] Participating banks include HSBC, Bank of China, and Hang Seng Bank. HK$250 is added to the card each time value is automatically added, with six participating financial institutions offering an option of adding a value of HK$500 instead.[37] HSBC Holdings plc (LSE: HSBA, SEHK: 005, NYSE: HBC, Euronext: HSBC, BSX: 1077223879) is one of the largest banking groups in the world, ranked the fifth-largest company and third-largest banking company in the world in Forbes Global 2000. ... Bank of China Tower The Bank of China (Hong Kong) (BOCHK, 中國銀行（香港）) (SEHK: 2388) is the second-largest commercial banking group in Hong Kong in terms of assets and customer deposits, with more than 300 branches in Hong Kong. ... Hang Seng Bank Limited(恒生銀行有限公司) HKEx: 0011 or Hang Seng Bank (恒生銀行) is the second largest bank in Hong Kong. ...


An Octopus card may be returned to any MTR or KCR Customer Service Centre for a refund of the remaining value stored on it. A handling fee may be charged for the refund; HK$7 for an anonymous On-Loan card that had been in use for fewer than three months, and HK$10 for a Personalised On-Loan card that was issued on or after 2004-11-01. A refund is immediately provided at the time an anonymous On Loan card is returned, unless it has more than HK$500 stored on it. A Personalised On-Loan card or an anonymous On-Loan card with more than HK$500 stored on it needs to be sent back to Octopus Cards Limited for refund processing, in which case, the refund for a Personalised On-Loan card would be available in eight days, and that of an anonymous On-Loan card would be available in five days. If a damaged card is returned for refund, a HK$30 levy would be charged to the cardholder.[38] 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 1 is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 60 days remaining. ...


Technology

An Octopus reader on a bus operated by New World First Bus.
An Octopus reader on a bus operated by New World First Bus.

The Octopus system was designed by Australia-based company ERG Group. The company was selected in 1994 to lead the development of the Octopus project and was responsible for the building and installation of the components of the Octopus system.[39] Operations, maintenance and development was undertaken by Octopus Cards Limited, and in 2005, it replaced the central transaction clearing house with its own system.[citation needed] An Octopus card reader on a New World First Bus. ... An Octopus card reader on a New World First Bus. ...


The Octopus card uses the Sony 13.56 MHz FeliCa radio frequency identification (RFID) chip, and Hong Kong is the home of the world's first major public transport system using this technology.[40] This is a "touch and go" system, so users need only hold the card in close proximity of the reader, and thus physical contact is not required. Data is transmitted at up to 212 kbit/s (the maximum speed for Sony FeliCa chips), compared with 9.6 kbit/s for Mondex and Visa Cash.[40] The card has a storage capacity of 1 KB to 64 KB compared to the 125 bytes provided by traditional magnetic stripe card.[41] To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... MegaHertz (MHz) is the name given to one million (106) Hertz, a measure of frequency. ... FeliCa is a contactless IC chip smart card system by Sony, primarily used in electronic money cards. ... An EPC RFID tag used for Wal-Mart Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an automatic identification method, relying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or transponders. ... Mondex is a smart card electronic cash system which was developed originally by National Westminster Bank and subsequently sold to MasterCard International. ... Visa Cash is a smart card electronic cash system owned by VISA. Trialled in various locations Worldwide (including Leeds, UK in 1997), the system works via a chip embedded in a bank card, and looks similar to the so-called Chip and PIN cards issued in inter alia France and... A kilobyte (derived from the SI prefix kilo-, meaning 1000) is a unit of information or computer storage equal to the decimal 1024 bytes (2 to the 10th power, or 1,024 bytes based in the binary system). ... In computer science a byte is a unit of measurement of information storage, now usually considered to contain eight bits. ...


Octopus uses a nonstandard system for RFID instead of the ISO 14443 standards, since there were no standards in the nascent industry during its development in 1997. The operating range of the reader/writer is between 30 and 100 mm depending on the type of model being used.[7] ISO 14443 defines a proximity card used for identification that usually uses the standard credit card form factor defined by ISO 7810 ID-1. ...


Octopus is specifically designed so that card transactions are relayed for clearing on a store and forward basis, without any requirement for reader units to have realtime round-trip communications with a central database or computer.[42] The stored data about the transaction may be transmitted by network after hours, or in the case of offline mobile readers may be retrieved by a hand held device, for example a Pocket PC. Store and forward is a communications technique in which messages are sent to a intermediate station where they are kept and sent at a later time to the final destination or to another intermediate station. ... An operation within a larger dynamic system is called a real-time operation if the combined reaction- and operation-time of a task is shorter than the maximum delay that is allowed, in view of circumstances outside the operation. ... The Dell Axim x30, a Pocket PC A Pocket PC, abbreviated P/PC or PPC, is a handheld-sized computer that runs a specific version of the Windows CE operating system. ...


In practice, different data collection mechanisms are used by different transport operators, depending on the nature of their business. The MTR equips its stations with local area networks that connect the various components that deal with Octopus cards - turnstiles, add-value machines, check value machines and customer service terminals. Transactions from these stations are relayed to the MTR's Kowloon Bay headquarters through a frame relay wide area network, and hence onwards to the central clearing house system (CCHS) for clearing.[43] Similar arrangements are in place for KCR stations and for retailers such as 7-Eleven. Handheld devices are used to scan offline mobile readers, including those installed on minibuses. Buses either use handheld devices or a wireless system, depending on operator.[43] This article is about the metro system in Hong Kong. ... Local area network scheme A local area network is a computer network covering a small geographic area, like a home, office, or group of buildings. ... Turnstiles at Alewife subway station in Cambridge, Massachusetts A turnstile, also called a baffle gate, is a form of gate which allows one person to pass at a time. ... Kowloon Bay (Chinese: 九龍灣, Jyutping: gau2 lung4 waan1, Pinyin: Jiǔlóngwān) is a station on the Hong Kong MTR Kwun Tong Line. ... In the context of computer networking, frame relay (also found written as frame-relay) consists of an efficient data transmission technique used to send digital information quickly and cheaply in a relay of frames to one or many destinations from one or many end-points. ... A wide area network or WAN is a computer network covering a broad geographical area. ... For other uses, see KCR (disambiguation). ... 7-Eleven is an international franchisor, licensor, and operator of the largest chain of convenience stores in eighteen countries including: Canada, United States, Mexico and Puerto Rico in the Americas; Norway, Sweden and Denmark in Europe; mainland China, Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan and Taiwan in East Asia; Philippines, Thailand...


The Octopus card uses encryption for all airborne communication and it uses two-way authentication based on public key infrastructure (PKI).[44] In other words, data communications to and from the card are only established when mutually authenticated security handshaking is verified followed by transfer of encrypted data. The Octopus card and system have never been successfully hacked.[44] “Cipher” redirects here. ... Mutual authentication or two-way authentication refers to two parties authenticating each other suitably. ... In cryptography, a public key infrastructure (PKI) is an arrangement that provides for trusted third party vetting of, and vouching for, user identities. ... Hacker is a term applied often to computer software or computer hardware programmers, designers and administrators, and especially those who are perceived as experts or highly accomplished. ...


Operator

Main article: Octopus Cards Limited

The Octopus card system is owned and operated by Octopus Cards Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Octopus Holdings Limited.[45] The company was founded as Creative Star Limited in 1994 to oversee the development and implementation of the Octopus card system, and was renamed as its current name of Octopus Cards Limited in 2002.[46] Creative Star was formed as a joint-venture company by five major transit companies in Hong Kong — MTR Corporation, Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation, Kowloon Motor Bus, Citybus, and Hongkong and Yaumati Ferry. In January 2001, the shares of Hongkong and Yaumati Ferry in the company was transferred to New World First Bus and New World First Ferry.[47] In the same year, together with MTR Corporation, the company was transformed from its previous non-profit making status to a profit making enterprise.[48] This article is about the operator of the namesake card. ... This article is about the metro system operator. ... The Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation (九廣鐵路公司), frequently abbreviated to KCRC, is wholly owned by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region government and based in Hong Kong. ... The Kowloon Motor Bus Company (1933) Limited (KMB; Chinese: ), a company of the Transport International Holdings Limited, is the largest franchised bus operators in Hong Kong, and one of the largest privately owned public bus operators in the world. ... Citybus is one of the three major bus operators in Hong Kong. ... The Hongkong and Yaumati Ferry Company Limited (Traditional Chinese: ), HYF, is a ferry company founded in 1923 in Hong Kong. ... New World First Bus Services Limited (First Bus, or NWFB) was established in 1998, taking over China Motor Buss franchise on 1 September 1998 to provide bus services on Hong Kong Island together with Citybus. ... New World First Ferry (新世界第一渡輪, First Ferry) is a ferry company in Hong Kong. ...


Due to the expansion of the company's businesses, Octopus Holdings Limited was established in 2005 and Octopus Cards Limited was restructured as its subsidiary. The business of Octopus Cards Limited, being a payment business, is regulated by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority, while Octopus' non-payment businesses are not subjected to such regulation and are operated by other subsidiaries of Octopus Holdings Limited that are independent of Octopus Cards Limited.[45] As of 2007, Octopus Holdings Limited was a joint-venture business owned by five transport companies in Hong Kong; 54.4% by the MTR Corporation, 22.1% by the Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation, 12.4% by Kowloon Motor Bus, 5% by Citybus, and 3.1% by New World First Bus.[49] Since the Government of Hong Kong owns 76.54% of the MTR Corporation (as of 2005-12-31)[50] and wholly owns the Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation,[51] it is the biggest effective shareholder of Octopus Holdings Limited, and thus also the biggest effective shareholder of Octopus Cards Limited. The Hong Kong Monetary Authority (Traditional Chinese: 香港金融管理局) or HKMA (金管局) in short is a government authority founded on 1st April 1993 in Hong Kong from the consolidation of the Office of the Exchange Fund and the Office of the Commissioner of Banking. ... The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the Peoples Republic of China (Chinese: 中華人民共和國香港特別行政區政府; see pronunciation; conventional short name Hong Kong Government, 香港政府), led by the Chief Executive is responsible for the administration of Hong Kong. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... December 31 is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ...


Initially, Octopus Cards Limited, then known as Creative Star Limited, was restricted to having at most 15% of Octopus card transactions for non-transport transactions, as it operated under Hong Kong's Banking Ordinance. On 2000-04-20, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority authorised the company for deposit-taking, which allowed 50% of Octopus card transactions to be unrelated to transport.[52][53] According to HKMA, HK$416 million (US$53.3 million) is deposited in the Octopus system at any given time as of 2000.[citation needed] 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... April 20 is the 110th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (111th in leap years). ...


History

The MTR network adopted a system of recirculated magnetic plastic cards when it started operations in 1979. These cards were either used as single journey tickets or as stored value tickets. The KCR adopted the same magnetic cards in 1984, and the stored value version was renamed Common Stored Value Tickets. In 1989, the Common Stored Value Tickets system was extended to KMB buses providing a feeder service to MTR and KCR stations and to Citybus, and was also extended to a limited number of non-transport applications, such as payments at photobooths and for fast food vouchers.[54] Common Stored Value Tickets is a system of plastic magnetically sensitive cards used to pay for fares on the MTR and KCR railway systems in Hong Kong. ...


The MTR Corporation eventually decided to adopt more advanced technologies, and in 1993 announced that it would move towards using contactless smartcards. To gain wider acceptance, MTR Corporation partnered with four other major transit companies in Hong Kong to create a joint-venture business to operator the Octopus system in 1994, then known as Creative Star Limited.[46] The Octopus system was launched after three years of trials on 1997-09-01.[34] Three million cards were issued within the first three months of the system's launch. The main reason for the quick success of the system was that the MTR and KCR required that all holders of Common Stored Value Tickets replace their tickets with Octopus cards in three months or have their tickets made obsolete, thus forcing their combined base commuters to switch quickly.[55] Another reason is the coin shortage in Hong Kong in 1997; there was a belief that the older Queen's Head coins in Hong Kong will appreciate in value, so many people stockpiled the older coins and waited for their value to increase.[56][57] The Octopus system was quickly adopted by other Creative Star joint venture partners, and KMB reported that by 2000, most bus journeys were completed using an Octopus card, with very few coins used.[58] Boarding a bus in Hong Kong without using the Octopus card requires giving exact change; this is cumbersome compared to using the Octopus card. By November 1998, 4.6 million cards were issued, and this rose to 9 million by January 2002.[55] 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... September 1 is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Hong Kong coins The Hong Kong coinage, including $10, $5, $2, $1, 50 cents, 20 cents and 10 cents, is issued by Hong Kong Monetary Authority on behalf of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government. ...


In 2000, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority granted a deposit-taking company license to the operator, removing previous restrictions that prohibited Octopus from generating more than 15% of its turnover from non-transit related functions, thus allowing the Octopus card to be widely adopted for non-transit-related sales transactions.[53] On 2003-06-29, the Octopus card found another application when the Hong Kong Government started to replace all its 18,000 parking meters with a new Octopus card operated system.[59] The replacement was completed on 2004-11-21.[20] The Hong Kong Monetary Authority (Traditional Chinese: 香港金融管理局) or HKMA (金管局) in short is a government authority founded on 1st April 1993 in Hong Kong from the consolidation of the Office of the Exchange Fund and the Office of the Commissioner of Banking. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... June 29 is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 185 days remaining. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 21 is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...


Taxis

Although a popular form of transport, taxis in Hong Kong do not accept the Octopus card. On 2006-06-27, after 10 years of negotiations between Octopus Cards Limited and the taxi industry, the first trial of taxis equipped with Octopus card readers was launched in the New Territories with taxis operated by the Yellow Taxi Group.[60] But it was reported On 2006-10-30 that of the 20 taxis that participated in the trial, eight had dropped out. Part of the reason was technical — drivers must return to the office every day for accounting. The Octopus card company said it would be upgrading the system to allow automatic account updating in the future.[61] Wong Yu-ting, managing director of the Yellow Taxi Group, also noted that they had been "trying to convince restaurants and retailers" to offer discounts to Octopus taxi passengers, but the Transport Department had been a major obstacle. The Transport Department is against this approach for legal reasons.[61] An urban red taxi in Hong Kong. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... June 27 is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 187 days remaining. ... A major road, Kwong Fuk Road in Tai Po, a town in the New Territories. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... October 30 is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 62 days remaining. ... Transport Department (Hong Kong) is responsible for transportation related policy in Hong Kong. ...


Alternate forms

Other than the Octopus card itself, operator Octopus Cards Limited also sells watches and mobile phone covers that function as an anonymous Octopus card. The types of watches available include wrist watches, pocket watches, and watch key chains, while the mobile phone covers were specifically designed for Nokia models 3310 and 3330.[62] As with the card itself, these products are used by waving them over a card reader. They may be reloaded with money value the same way as the card itself, including automatic reloading via the Automatic Add Value Service, with the exception that they cannot be reloaded at Add Value Machines due to their shapes.[63] An Octopus watch or mobile phone cover may be stored with a maximum of HK$1,000, but do not have any initial stored value at the time of its purchase. It may have a maximum negative value of HK$35 as with an Octopus card.[62] These products are not refundable for their costs, but the remaining value stored on them may be refunded if they are damaged, with the damaged product itself also returned to the customer.[63] Nokia Corporation (OMX: NOK1V, NYSE: NOK, FWB: NOA3) is currently the worlds largest manufacturer of mobile telephones, with a global market share of approximately 36% in Q1 of 2007. ... A Nokia 3310 phone with the default blue cover The Nokia 3310 is a dual band GSM900/1800 mobile phone. ... A Nokia 3310 phone with the default blue cover The Nokia 3310 is a dual band GSM900/1800 mobile phone. ...


Outside Hong Kong

Usage of the Octopus card was extended to the Chinese cities of Shenzhen and Macau in 2006. In collaboration with China UnionPay, Octopus Cards Limited introduced Octopus card usage to two Fairwood restaurants in Shenzhen in August of 2006.[64] Value cannot be reloaded to Octopus cards in Shenzhen, but the Automatic Add Value Service is available to automatically deduct money value from a customer's credit card to reload an Octopus card. In using an Octopus card, the currency exchange rate between mainland China's renminbi and the Hong Kong dollar is RMB1:HKD1.[64] The two Fairwood restaurants in Shenzhen that were enabled for Octopus card payments are located at Luohu Commercial City and Shenzhen Railway Station.[64] Shenzhen became the first city outside of Hong Kong in which Octopus cards may be accepted as payment. In Macau, the Octopus card was introduced in December of 2006 when two Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurants in the city adopted its usage as payment. Similar to its usage in Shenzhen, an Octopus card may not be reloaded in Macau, and the currency exchange rate between the Macanese pataca and the Hong Kong dollar when using an Octopus card is MOP1:HKD1.[65] The two Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurants in Macau that adopted the Octopus card for payment are located at the Rua De Campo and the Sands Casino.[65] Shenzhen is a sub-provincial city of Guangdong province in southern China, located at the border with the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. ... China UnionPay (Chinese: 中国银联), also known as UnionPay (Chinese: 银联) or by its abbreviation, CUP, is the only credit card organization in the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ... Exterior of a Fairwood restaurant Fairwood (Traditional Chinese: 大快活) is a fast food chain originally established in Hong Kong. ... ... ISO 4217 Code CNY User(s) Mainland of the Peoples Republic of China Inflation 1. ... Luohu Commercial City (simplified Chinese: 罗湖商业城; traditional Chinese: 羅湖商業成; pinyin: luóhúshāngyèchéng) is an enclosed shopping mall located on the Shenzhen side of the Shenzhen River, right outside the entrance/exit to Luohu Immigration Control Point. ... Shenzhen Railway Station (Chinese: 深圳站; Hanyu Pinyin: Shēnzhèn Zhàn) is located across from Luo Hu Commercial City in the Luohu district of Shenzhen city. ... KFC (full name Kentucky Fried Chicken) is a division of Yum! Brands, Inc. ... The pataca is the monetary unit of Macau (currency code MOP; Chinese: 澳門圓), made up of 100 avos. ...


See also

Hong Kong Portal
Numismatics Portal
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Hong Kong Regional Emblem This image depicts a seal, an emblem, a coat of arms or a crest. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (910x910, 596 KB)Media:Example. ... Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Wikimedia Commons logo by Reid Beels The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... Electronic money (also known as electronic cash, electronic currency, digital money, digital cash, digital currency or scrip) refers to money which is exchanged only electronically. ... Mondex is a smart card electronic cash system which was developed originally by National Westminster Bank and subsequently sold to MasterCard International. ... Reverse of a French bank card including the Moneo logo. ... Public light buses (left) and double-decker buses (right) carry many passengers in Hong Kong everyday. ... Visa Cash is a smart card electronic cash system owned by VISA. Trialled in various locations Worldwide (including Leeds, UK in 1997), the system works via a chip embedded in a bank card, and looks similar to the so-called Chip and PIN cards issued in inter alia France and...

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2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... February 13 is the 44th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... February 21 is the 52nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 4 is the 124th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (125th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... May 1 is the 121st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (122nd in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... February 27 is the 58th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 19 is the 323rd day of the year (324th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... February 21 is the 52nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... February 13 is the 44th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... February 21 is the 52nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... February 21 is the 52nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... February 15 is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... February 15 is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... February 21 is the 52nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... February 13 is the 44th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... January 29 is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... February 16 is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... February 21 is the 52nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... For the United States holiday, the Fourth of July, see Independence Day (United States). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... February 25 is the 56th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... February 22 is the 53rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... July 19 is the 200th day (201st in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 165 days remaining. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... April 11 is the 101st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (102nd in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... March 11 is the 70th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (71st in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... It has been suggested that April Fools Day be merged into this article or section. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... March 11 is the 70th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (71st in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... For the Lebanese political coalition, see March 14 Alliance. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... March 12 is the 71st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (72nd in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... March 13 is the 72nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (73rd in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... For the Lebanese political coalition, see March 14 Alliance. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 5 is the 309th day of the year (310th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 56 days remaining. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... March 17 is the 76th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (77th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... March 17 is the 76th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (77th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... March 17 is the 76th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (77th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... March 17 is the 76th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (77th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... March 17 is the 76th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (77th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... March 17 is the 76th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (77th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... March 19 is the 78th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (79th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... March 19 is the 78th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (79th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... March 22 is the 81st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (82nd in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... March 22 is the 81st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (82nd in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... March 25 is the 84th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (85th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... March 25 is the 84th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (85th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... March 25 is the 84th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (85th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... April 9 is the 99th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (100th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... April 11 is the 101st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (102nd in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... January 31 is the 31st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... April 11 is the 101st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (102nd in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... April 11 is the 101st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (102nd in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... April 11 is the 101st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (102nd in leap years). ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... May 13 is the 133rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (134th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... April 11 is the 101st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (102nd in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... April 15 is the 105th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (106th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... April 15 is the 105th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (106th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... April 24 is the 114th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (115th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... April 25 is the 115th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (116th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... April 15 is the 105th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (106th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... April 15 is the 105th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (106th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... April 15 is the 105th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (106th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... April 16 is the 106th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (107th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... April 16 is the 106th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (107th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... April 21 is the 111th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (112th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... April 25 is the 115th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (116th in leap years). ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean [1]. // Coated in ice, power and telephone lines sag and often break, resulting in power outages. ... February 18 is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... April 25 is the 115th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (116th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... April 25 is the 115th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (116th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... April 25 is the 115th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (116th in leap years). ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... June 27 is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 187 days remaining. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... April 25 is the 115th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (116th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... June 27 is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 187 days remaining. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... April 29 is the 119th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (120th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... October 30 is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 62 days remaining. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... April 29 is the 119th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (120th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... March 27 is the 86th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (87th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... March 27 is the 86th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (87th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... August 14 is the 226th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (227th in leap years), with 139 days remaining. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... May 1 is the 121st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (122nd in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... December 10 is the 344th day (345th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, 21 days before the next year. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... May 1 is the 121st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (122nd in leap years). ...

External links

v • d • e
Electronic fare collection systems
Americas GTA Farecard (Toronto, Canada) • Multivia (Santiago, Chile) • Red Bus (Mendoza, Argentina)
United States: Breeze Card (Atlanta) • CharlieCard (Boston) • Chicago Card (Chicago) • Go-To card (Minneapolis-St. Paul) • MetroCard (New York City) • SmartLink (PANYNJ, PATH) • SmarTrip (Washington, D.C.) • Translink (San Francisco Bay Area) • TransPass & TrailPass (SEPTA)
Europe Andante (Porto) • Elektra (Budapest) • Luas Smartcard (Dublin) • Navigo (Paris) • OV-Chipkaart (Netherlands)
United Kingdom: EasyRider (Nottingham) • Oyster (London)
Asia EasyCard (Taipei) • EZ-Link (Singapore) • G-Pass (Manila) • Touch 'n Go (Malaysia)
China: Octopus (Hong Kong) • SPTC (Shanghai) • Shenzhen TransCard (Shenzhen) • Yang Cheng Tong (Guangzhou radius) • Yikatong (Beijing)
Japan: Hareca (Okayama) • ICa (Kanazawa) • IC e-card (Matsuyama) • ICOCA (Osaka, JR) • IruCa (Takamatsu) • LuLuCa (Shizuoka) • Nagasaki Smart Card (Nagasaki) • NicePass (Hamamatsu) • PASMO (Tokyo) • passca (Toyama) • PiTaPa (Osaka) • RapiCa (Kagoshima) • Suica (Tokyo, JR) • TOICA (Nagoya)
South Korea: Hanaro Card (Busan) • K-CASH (Chuncheon, Gimhae) • KTX Family Card • Mybi • T-Money (Seoul,Yeongnam) • Upass (Seoul,Wonju)
Australia myki (Melbourne) • SmartRider (Perth) • Tcard (Sydney) • TransLink (Brisbane)

Smart card used for health insurance in France. ... GTA Farecard is a planned smartcard-based fare payment system to be introduced in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada, in 2007. ... Multivia is the name of the contactless card designed for paying the travel fares in the new mass transport system Transantiago in Santiago, Chile . ... An articulated bus of the new Transantiago system Transantiago is the public transport system that serves Santiago, capital city of Chile. ... Red bus contactless smart card Red Bus was implemented in Mendoza, Argentina in August 2006, for the payment of the public transport (including buses and trolley). ... Gates of General San Martín Park Mendoza is a city in the west of Argentina, and the capital of the Mendoza Province. ... Breeze Card Breeze Ticket Breeze Vending Machine The Breeze Card is a stored value smart card that passengers use as part of an automated fare collection system which the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) introduced to the general public in early October 2006. ... MARTA rail car at North Avenue station The Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority, more commonly called MARTA, is the largest public rapid-transit system (in both size and ridership) in the Atlanta metropolitan area, and the ninth largest in the United States. ... The more permanent CharlieCard, which was distributed by Customer Service Agents starting December 4, 2006. ... The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) is a body politic and corporate, and a political subdivision of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts [3] formed in 1964 to finance and operate most bus, subway, commuter rail and ferry systems in the greater Boston, Massachusetts, USA area. ... Chicago Card Plus The Chicago Card and the Chicago Card Plus are contactless smart cards used by riders of the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) and Pace to electronically pay for bus and train fares in the city of Chicago, Illinois, USA and the surrounding suburbs. ... Chicago Transit Authority, also known as CTA, is the operator of mass transit within the City of Chicago, Illinois. ... The Go-To card is a contactless smart card meant to be used to pay fares for bus and light rail lines operated by Metro Transit and other transit agencies in the Twin Cities area of Minnesota. ... Metro Transit logo Metro Transit is the transit division of the Metropolitan Council, a regional governmental agency in the Minneapolis-St. ... Metrocard Gold 1997-Present, accepted as fare payment on all MTA and Bee-Line buses, and on AirTRAIN JFK. The MetroCard is the current payment method for the New York City Subway (rapid transit) system, buses in the New York City Transit (including services contracted by Atlantic Express), MTA Bus... The Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) is a public benefit corporation responsible for public transportation in the State of New York. ... SmartLink is a Radio Frequency Identification Chip enabled credit card sized smartcard to be used on the PATH transit system in New Jersey and New York City. ... Tolls collected at the Holland Tunnel and other crossings help fund the Port Authority. ... Hoboken- and Newark-bound platform at Exchange Place station in Jersey City. ... Front of a Washington Metro SmarTrip card. ... The Washington Metro, or simply Metro, is the rapid transit system of Washington, D.C., and neighboring suburban communities in Maryland and Virginia, both inside and outside the Capital Beltway. ... TransLink is a rechargeable contactless stored value smart card fare collection system being implemented in the San Francisco Bay Area. ... The Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) is a regional planning, financing, and funding government agency in the San Francisco Bay Area. ... SEPTA redirects here. ... Andante is a public transport ticketing system used in Porto and was the first fully contactless mass transit ticketing system used in the world. ... The Porto Metro (Metro do Porto), part of the mass transit public transport system of Porto, Portugal, is a network of electrified railways that run underground in central Porto and above ground into the citys suburbs. ... ELEKTRA is a planned smartcard-based fare payment system to be introduced in Budapest, Hungary, sometimes in the near future. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Luas (Irish for speed), also promoted in the development stage as the Dublin Light Rail System, currently encompasses two unconnected on-street light rail lines in Dublin, Ireland. ... Luas (Irish for speed), also promoted in the development stage as the Dublin Light Rail System, currently encompasses two unconnected on-street light rail lines in Dublin, Ireland. ... The Navigo pass is a means of payment for public transportation introduced in the Paris region in 2004. ... Métro trains entering Église dAuteuil station The Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens (RATP) is the major transit authority responsible for public transportation in Paris and its environs. ... The National Tariff System (Dutch: nationaal tariefsysteem or nationale vervoerbewijzen/NVB) is a nationwide ticketing and zoning scheme for local Public Transport in The Netherlands. ... The EasyRider card is a contactless smartcard introduced in 2000 in Nottingham, for use on Nottingham City Transport Services. ... Nottingham City Transport is Nottingham, East Midlands in Englands major bus operator, running a comprehensive network of services in the Nottingham City area and a handful of services beyond the boundaries of the conurbanation to Southwell, Newark, Loughborough, and Nottingham East Midlands Airport. ... The Oyster card is a form of electronic ticketing used on Transport for London and National Rail services within the Greater London area of the United Kingdom. ... Transport For London (TfL) is a local government body responsible for most aspects of the transport system throughout Greater London in England. ... EasyCard (traditional Chinese: 悠遊卡) is a contactless smartcard system operated by Taipei Smart Card Corporation for use on the Taipei Rapid Transit System and on buses and other public transport services in Taipei. ... The Taipei Rapid Transit System (Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: , also known as the MRT, Metro Taipei, or by locals simply as the Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is a series of underground and elevated metro and VAL systems throughout the Taipei metropolitan area. ... A standard adult EZ-Link card. ... Logo of the MRTC MRT Train approaching Ayala Station. ... Logo of the MRTC MRT Train approaching Ayala Station. ... The Touch n Go smart card is used by Malaysian toll highway operators as the sole electronic payment system. ... Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Shenzhen TransCard (simplified Chinese: 深圳通) is a contactless smartcard system used in Shenzhen Metro in Shenzhen, Peoples Republic of China. ... The Shenzhen Metro (SZM, Chinese: 深圳地铁) is the underground railway in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China. ... Yang Cheng Tong, 羊城通 is the name of contactless rechargeable stored value smartcard designed for paying the travel fares in the bus, taxi, metro and ferry in Guangzhou, China and surrounding prefecture-level cities like Foshan and Panyu. ... Guangzhou is the capital and the sub-provincial city of Guangdong Province in the southern part of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Beijing Municipal Administration and Communications Card (北京市政交通一卡通) is a store-value contactless smart card used in Beijing, China, for public transportation and related uses. ... Roads in Beijing Beijing, as the capital and a municipality of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC), is a transportation hub, with a sophisticated network of roads, railways and a major airport. ... Okaden bus with a Hareca usable sticker. ... Momo, type 9200 tramcar. ... ICa card. ... Ishikawa Line train. ... The ticket gate of Matsuyamashi Station with IC e-card readers. ... Type 610 trainset. ... ICOCA IC card The ICOCA card is a rechargeable contactless smart card used on JR West rail network in Japan. ... ÅŒsaka-Kōbe-Kyōto is the name of a metropolitan area that is centered around the cities of Osaka in the Osaka prefecture, Kobe in the Hyogo prefecture, and Kyoto in the Kyoto prefecture. ... West Japan Railway Company (西日本旅客鉄道株式会社 Nishi Nihon Ryokaku Tetsudô Kabushiki Gaisha), commonly known as JR-West (JR西日本 JR Nishi Nihon), is one of JR companies in Japan that covers western Honshu. ... School IruCa card. ... The Takamatsu-Kotohira Electric Railroad Co. ... LuLuCa ) is a rechargeable contactless smart card ticketing system for public transport in Shizuoka, Japan, introduced by Shizuoka Railway (Shizutetsu) group, from March, 2006. ... Type 1000 trainset. ... Nagasaki Smart Card ) is a contactless smart card system used in Nagasaki, Japan. ... Megane-bashi (Spectacles Bridge) Nagasaki   listen? (長崎市; -shi, literally long peninsula) is the capital and the largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture located at the south-western coast of Kyushu, Japan. ... NicePass card. ... Enshu Railway Line (遠州鉄道鉄道線 EnshÅ« Tetsudō Tetsudōsen) is a railway line in Japan, running north from Shin-Hamamatsu Station in Hamamatsu through Nishikajima Station in Tenryu. ... PASMO ) is a rechargable contactless smart card ticketing system for public transport to be introduced in Tokyo, Japan from March 2007. ... The Greater Tokyo Area (東京都市圏 Tōkyō-toshiken), also the Tokyo-Yokohama area, is a large metropolitan area in Japan consisting of the metropolis of Tokyo and the prefectures of Chiba, Kanagawa and Saitama. ... passca ) is a rechargeable contactless smart card ticketing system for public transport in Toyama, Japan, introduced by Toyama Light Rail, from April 29, 2006. ... Portram, a tramcar used for the line. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... ÅŒsaka-Kōbe-Kyōto is the name of a metropolitan area that is centered around the cities of Osaka in the Osaka prefecture, Kobe in the Hyogo prefecture, and Kyoto in the Kyoto prefecture. ... RapiCa ) is a rechargeable contactless smart card ticketing system for public transport in Kagoshima, Japan, introduced by Kagoshima City Transportation Bureau, Nangoku KōtsÅ«, and JR KyÅ«shÅ« Bus, from April 1, 2005. ... Type 1000 tramcar, known as the U-tram. ... The Suica (Japanese: スイカ) card is a rechargeable contactless smart card used on the (JR) East network, Tokyo Monorail, and Rinkai Line in Japan. ... The Greater Tokyo Area (東京都市圏 Tōkyō-toshiken), also the Tokyo-Yokohama area, is a large metropolitan area in Japan consisting of the metropolis of Tokyo and the prefectures of Chiba, Kanagawa and Saitama. ... Yamanote Line, Tokyo JR Yamanote Line train in Tokyo, Japan Above Yurakucho in Tokyo East Japan Railway Company (東日本旅客鉄道 Higashi-Nihon Ryokyaku Tetsudo or JR東日本; JR Higashi-Nihon) (TYO: 9020) is a Japanese private railroad company, the largest passenger railway company in the world and one of the seven JR companies. ... TOICA ) is a rechargeable contactless smart card ticketing system for JR Central railway network introduced in ChÅ«kyō Area (Greater Nagoya), Japan from November 25, 2006. ... JR Central Towers in Nagoya The Central Japan Railway Company (東海旅客鉄道 JR Tōkai; JR 東海) is the main railway company operating in the Chubu (Nagoya) region of central Japan. ... Hanaro Card is contactless smart card used in Busan public transportation system. ... Busan Metropolitan City, also known as Pusan, is the largest port city in the Republic of Korea. ... K-CASH logo. ... Chuncheon (Chuncheon-si) is the capital of Gangwon Province, South Korea. ... Gimhae, also commonly referred to as Kimhae, is a city in South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. ... KTX Family Card is membership program and membership card of Korail. ... Mybi card is a kind of contactless smartcard. ... T-money logo There are two type of T-money cards usable: Smart T-money and Basic T-money. Basic T-money is not sold anymore, but some people think its more useful. ... The Seoul National Capital Area is a region located at the center of the Korean peninsula and is home to the capital of South Korea, Seoul. ... Yeongnam is the name of a region that coincides with the former Gyeongsang Province in what is now South Korea. ... Upass card Upass is a pre-paid card for transportation system in Seoul and its suburbs. ... The Seoul National Capital Area is a region located at the center of the Korean peninsula and is home to the capital of South Korea, Seoul. ... Wonju is a city in Gangwon province, South Korea. ... myki Logo and Plain Card mykiâ„¢ (pronounced my key) is the brand name of the smartcard ticketing system to be introduced in 2007 on public transport in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. ... Metlink is the marketing name of the public transport network of Melbourne, Australia. ... SmartRider is Transperths new contactless electronic ticketing system using smartcard technology to simplify the process of charging patrons for public transport. ... The new B Series trains delivered from 2004 service the popular Northern Suburbs Line and will run on the under construction Mandurah Line Transperth is the brand name of the public transport system in Perth, Western Australia. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Sydney Monorail above Market Street, Sydney Sydney has one of the most complex and extensive transportation systems in Australia. ... For a list of all TransLink services, see the list of TransLink services. ... For a list of all TransLink services, see the list of TransLink services. ...


  Results from FactBites:
 
BlueOregon: An Octopus Card For Portland? (6245 words)
When you board a bus, for example, you wave your Octopus card on the way in and it records where you are; when you exit, it assesses a fare based on the distance you traveled.
There are 14 million cards in circulation and 9.9 million daily transactions; 95% of the population uses one; 420 service providers accept them as payment; and they generate $3.6 billion a year in transactions.
The Octopus card was just one factor; it made it easy to ride all kinds of transportation - buses, trams, subways, ferries - without fumbling for change or having to learn a variety of fare and zone systems.
Octopus card - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (4304 words)
Octopus cards are highly popular with tourists (including day-travellers from Shenzhen and the rest of Mainland China), which explains how there are twice as many Octopus cards in circulation as there are people living in Hong Kong (although some people own more than one card).
Octopus uses a nonstandard system for RFID instead of the ISO 14443 standards, since there were no standards in the nascent industry during its development in 1997.
Octopus is specifically designed so that card transactions are relayed for clearing on a store and forward basis, without any requirement for reader units to have realtime round-trip communications with a central database or computer.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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