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Oedipus the King (also known as Oedipus Rex and Oedipus Tyrannos) is a Greek tragedy, written by Sophocles around 427 BC. The play was the second of Sophocles' three Theban plays to be produced, but its events occur before those of Oedipus at Colonus or Antigone. The subject of the play is Oedipus, son of King Laius of Thebes and Queen Jocasta; a mythical character who was sent to be exposed on a mountainside as an infant in an effort to avoid a prophecy that he would kill his father. However, he was passed on to a shepherd and raised in the court of King Polybus of Corinth and his wife Merope. Hearing from an oracle that he was destined to kill his father and marry his mother, and believing Polybus and Merope to be his real parents, he left Corinth. Meeting Laius by chance on a road and not recognizing him, he became involved in a feud with him and killed him. Oedipus goes on to solve the Sphinx's riddle, and his reward for this is the kingdom of Thebes, and the hand of Jocasta; again, neither recognizes the other.
The play begins after Thebes has been struck with plague by the gods in outrage at Oedipus' unintentional wrongdoing. The play shows Oedipus' investigation, in which he curses and promises to exile those responsible for the murder. Although the blind prophet Tiresias explicitly tells Oedipus at the beginning of the play that he is the cause of the plague, Oedipus at first does not understand. Instead he accuses Tiresias of conspiring with Creon, Jocasta's brother, to overthrow him.
Oedipus then calls for a former servant of Laius, the only surviving witness of the murder, who fled the city when Oedipus became king. Soon a messenger from Corinth also arrives to inform Oedipus of the death of Polybus, whom Oedipus still believes is his real father, until the messenger informs him that he was in fact adopted. In the subsequent discussions between Oedipus, Jocasta, the servant, and the messenger, Jocasta discovers the truth and runs off; Oedipus learns the truth more slowly, but later runs off-stage as well. The chorus fills in the unseen details: Jocasta hanged herself, and Oedipus, upon discovering her body, blinds himself with her brooches. The play ends with Oedipus entrusting his children to Creon and going into exile, as he promised at the beginning.
The play depends very heavily on dramatic irony. At one point, Oedipus and Jocasta discuss the oracle, dismissing it as its prophecies have apparently not come to pass. The audience was expected to understand Oedipus' history well before he does.
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