Close Relationships

Affinity • Attachment • Bonding • Cohabitation • Compersion • Concubinage • Courtship • Divorce • Dower/-ry • Friendship • Family • Husband • Infatuation • Intimacy • Jealousy • Limerence • Love • Marriage • Monogamy • Nonmonogamy • Office romance • Passion • Partner • Platonic love • Psychology of Monogamy • Relationship abuse • Sexuality • Spouse • Separation • Wedding • Widowhood • Wife Image File history File links KarenWhimseyValentineMain. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Attachment in adults deals with the theory of attachment in adult romantic relationships. ... The term human bond, or more generally human bonding, refers to the process or formation of a close personal relationship, as between a parent and child, especially through frequent or constant association. ... “Living in sin” redirects here. ... Compersion is a term used by practitioners of polyamory to describe the experience of taking pleasure when ones partner is with another person. ... Concubinage refers to the state of a woman or youth in an ongoing, quasi-matrimonial relationship with a man of higher social status. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... For the record label, see Divorce Records. ... Dower (Lat. ... A dowry (also known as trousseau) is a gift of money or valuables given to the family of the bridegroom by the family of the bride at the time of their marriage. ... Friendship is a term used to denote co-operative and supportive behavior between two or more humans. ... A family in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso in 1997 A family consists of a domestic group of people (or a number of domestic groups), typically affiliated by birth or marriage, or by analogous or comparable relationships — including domestic partnership, cohabitation, adoption, surname and (in some cases) ownership (as occurred in the... Husband may refer to: the male spouse in a marriage a husband pillow. ... Infatuation is the state of being completely carried away by unreasoning passion or love; addictive love. ... Definition Intimacy is complex in that its meaning varies from relationship to relationship, and within a given relationship over time. ... Jealousy typically refers to the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that occur when a person believes a valued relationship is being threatened by a rival. ... Limerence, as posited by psychologist Dorothy Tennov, is an involuntary cognitive and emotional state in which a person feels an intense romantic desire for another person (the limerent object). ... Love is any of a number of emotions and experiences related to a sense of strong affection or profound oneness. ... This article or section needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone and/or spelling. ... Faithfulness redirects here. ... Nonmonogamy is a blanket term covering several different types of interpersonal relationship in which some or all participants have multiple marital, sexual, and/or romantic partners. ... In psychology and common terminology, emotion is the language of a persons internal state of being, normally based in or tied to their internal (physical) and external (social) sensory feeling. ... Domestic partner or domestic partnership identifies the personal relationship between individuals who are living together and sharing a common domestic life together but are not joined in any type of legal partnership, marriage or civil union. ... Platonic love in its modern popular sense is an affectionate relationship into which the sexual element does not enter, especially in cases where one might easily assume otherwise. ... The psychology of monogamy deals with the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that commonly occur in monogamous relationships. ... Abuser redirects here. ... This article is about sexual practices (i. ... Marriage is a relationship that plays a key role in the definition of many families. ... Legal separation is a possible step towards divorce under United States law. ... Nuptial is the adjective of wedding. It is used for example in zoology to denote plumage, coloration, behavior, etc related to or occurring in the mating season. ... A widow is a woman whose spouse has died. ... For other uses, see Wife (disambiguation). ... v • d • e

An office romance, work romance, or corporate affair is a romance that occurs between two people who work together in the same office, work location, or business. It tends to breach nonfraternization policies and is a foreseeable business expense. The relationship between affair partners at work can be as wide as intern and president; company CEO and member of the board; supervisor and supervisee; company representative and client; boss and secretary, and so on. And it can be between peers or colleagues at the same level in the organization. It can concurrently or after the fact come to be interpreted as sexual harassment ^{[1] [2] [3]}. Inter-office romance between an executive and an employee can presage sexual harassment claims, to which email records bear witness ^{[4] [5]}.

Office romances are generally believed to be unhelpful to the welfare and effectiveness of the business and to the network of relationships that comprise it. They contain the potential for abuse, alliance, and distraction ^[6]. Thus they are discouraged and even prohibited in some company policy. Describing an office relationship as a romance can be cover for a form of workplace bullying ^{[7] [8]}. The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ...

The suspicion that an advantage is gained by 'sleeping with the boss' in a competitive environment ensures that these transactions occur by stealth. To have a powerful influence on the opportunities placed in one's path, one does not have to engage in sexual intercourse. A special relationship could be enough to gain leverage where business opportunities are in short supply. This fuzzy boundary can be nuanced by practiced players in order to provide deniability when required. Neither does one have to be directly involved in the affair for the knowledge of it to be useful currency — discretion in exchange for advantage.

Office affairs may involve a power differential in both heterosexual and same sex liaisons. If the affair ends badly it is almost always the least powerful who gives up their job and the more powerful who stays or gets promoted out of the area as a solution.^{[citation needed]} Increasingly employers will insert office romance disclosure clauses in employment contracts. Where the affair or its non-disclosure is in breach of that contract, the clandestine edge is heightened. Perversely this can increase both the excitement of the affair and the later damage to collegiate relationships and the company's good name. A witch hunt can ensue.

Incidence

In its 2003 nationwide survey Vault found that 47 percent of workers have participated in an office romance and an additional 19 percent would be willing to do so if the opportunity arose. Vault's 2003 Office Romance Survey is based on responses from over 1,000 professionals at companies nationwide. In addition, 13 percent of respondents said their employer had a policy regarding office dating, 51 percent said their company has no policy, and 36 percent said they didn't know whether one existed ^[9]. When asked to comment about romance in the workplace, respondents replied:

• "Office romance is bound to happen. If you have people sharing common interests (work) + extended time together (40 hrs) + physical attraction = a perfect match."
• "Nothing wrong with office romance and it is actually a good thing, because I look forward to going to work to see my crush. I think that the consulting industry has the highest rate of office romance because you're constantly out on the road, and it can get pretty lonely."
• "Where else can you really see what somebody is like on a day-to-day basis? Usually office behavior/personality carries over to the private life. If someone is courteous, understanding, outgoing, etc, they will be that way in a romantic relationship as well and you typically spend 8-12 hours at work and it is a very good way to get to know someone."
• "When you work 80 hours per week, it is sometimes hard to meet anyone. You spend all your time in the office." ^[10]

Power dynamics

Few companies have a defined policy against office romance according to the 2006 Workplace Romance survey of 493 HR professionals and 408 employees by the Society for Human Resource Management. Only 9% of those surveyed prohibit dating among employees, and more than 70% of organizations have no formal written or verbal policies about office romance.^[11] Some writers argue that the cost of having a formal policy may outweigh the benefits, as inevitable fraternization will be driven underground. The most common and legally enforceable policy states that supervisors cannot date employees within their direct chain of command. ^[12]

An office romance is usually a breach of either formal or informal fraternization policies. It has been studied as an operation of power dynamics in romantic incubator relationships ^{[13] [14] [15] [16]}. Working closely with or living near someone and forming a romantic relationships may incubate romance through the propinquity effect. It evolves from collegiate relationship to limerence quickly and covertly - sometimes this is described as 'having a crush.' Affairs begin one conversation at a time, often without either party admitting to themselves that they intend a deeper connection. 'It just happened' may be the subsequent claim. In fact, the time between a so-called innocent beginning and the first kiss is usually considerable, but the time between that kiss and sexual intercourse is usually short. People involved in this way can appear to themselves to have landed in trouble very quickly, when in fact there was a slow fuse burning long before ignition ^[17]. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... In social psychology, propinquity is one of the main factors leading to interpersonal attraction. ... Limerence, as posited by psychologist Dorothy Tennov, is an involuntary cognitive and emotional state in which a person feels an intense romantic desire for another person (the limerent object). ...

The process of disengaging an office affair requires careful and non-punitive examination at every level of the organization in order to understand affair dynamics at work. That will assist in preventing breaches of employment contracts where that is possible. The challenges of that process suggest the value of family friendly employment conditions, as quite often it is the betrayed spouse who literally shoots the co-workers believed to have been complicit in the affair. Work-life balance is a person’s control over the conditions in their workplace. ...

Usually a number of people are involved in keeping the secret. It is clearly down to each individual — company policy means as little as a marriage contract when it comes to illicit affairs.

See Also

• Administrative incompetence
• List of human resource management topics
• Hostile environment sexual harassment
• Sexual harassment
• Sexual harassment in education
• Workplace bullying
• Adultery
• Infidelity
• Affair
• Extramarital sex
• Emotional affair
• Mistress (lover)

Administrative incompetence is a term used to describe administrative behaviours that are dysfunctional or that hinder attainment of organization goals. ... Organizational studies - an overview Organizational development Management development Mentoring Coaching Job rotation Professional development Upward feedback Executive education Supervisory training leadership development leadership talent identification and management individual development planning 360 degree feedback succession planning Skills management performance improvement process improvement job enrichment Training & Development managing change and also change... In employment law, hostile environment sexual harassment refers to a situation where employees in a workplace are subject to a pattern of exposure to unwanted sexual behavior from persons other than an employees direct supervisor where supervisors or managers take no steps to discourage or discontinue such behavior. ... Sexual harassment is harassment or unwelcome attention of a sexual nature. ... Sexual harassment in education is unwelcome behavior of a sexual nature that interferes with a student’s ability to learn, study, work or participate in school activities. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... Adultery is voluntary sexual intercourse between a married person and a partner other than the lawful spouse. ... In a religious context, infidelity is an absence of faith in the beliefs or teachings of a religion, such that one who lacks such faith is an infidel. ... An affair is often a euphemism for a situation where two people are involved in an inappropriate romantic relationship. ... It has been suggested that premarital sex be merged into this article or section. ... This article or section needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone and/or spelling. ... Madame de Pompadour the mistress of King Louis XV of France. ...

References

1. ^ *Kamir, Orit. "Israel's 1998 Sexual Harassment Law: Prohibiting Sexual Harassment, Sexual Stalking, and Degradation Based on Sexual Orientation in the Workplace and in all Social Settings." International Journal of Discrimination and Law, 2005, 7 , 315-336.
2. ^ *Watson, Helen. "Red herrings and mystifications: Conflicting perceptions of sexual harassment," in Brant, Clare, and Too, Yun Lee, eds., Rethinking Sexual Harassment. Boulder, Colorado, Pluto Press, 1994.
3. ^ *Westhues, Kenneth. Eliminating Professors: A Guide to the Dismissal Process. Lewiston, NY: The Edwin Mellen Press, 1998.
4. ^ Inter-office romance has HR preparing for sexual harassment claims retrieved from [1] May 25, 2007
5. ^ Powell. GN 'Workplace romances between senior-level executives and lower-level employees: An issue of work disruption and gender' Human Relations, Vol. 54, No. 11, 1519-1544 (2001)
6. ^ SIlls, J 'Love at Work 'How to get away with an office romance' retrieved from [2] May 25 2007
7. ^ More men claiming sexual harassment retrieved from [3] May 25, 2007
8. ^ Love, Lust and the Law - Sexual harassment in the academy retrieved from [4] May 25, 2007
9. ^ Survey: 47 Percent of Workers Admit to Office Romance retrieved from [5] May 25, 2007
10. ^ Survey: 47 Percent of Workers Admit to Office Romance retrieved from [6] May 25, 2007
11. ^ Retrieved from Canadian Management training [7] May 25, 2007
12. ^ Ballou, JA. Companies calculate potential cost of workplace romance Silicon Valley / San Jose Business Journal - March 2, 2007 retrieved from [8] May 25, 2007
13. ^ Mainiero, LA 'A Review and Analysis of Power Dynamics in Organizational Romances' The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 11, No. 4 (Oct., 1986), pp. 750-762 doi:10.2307/258394. Abstract:Anecdotal, case history, and field survey reports on organizational romances are reviewed to develop a theoretical framework of power dynamics in organizational romances. Internally, the relationship is viewed as an exchange relation among three domains of power; externally, the relationship is viewed as a coalition formation that may create instability in the work group. The limitations of the existing research and the implications for management intervention also are discussed' retrieved from [9] May 25, 2007
14. ^ Quinn RE 'Coping with Cupid: The Formation, Impact, and Management of Romantic Relationships in Organizations' Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 22, No. 1 (Mar., 1977), pp. 30-45 doi:10.2307/2391744
15. ^ Pierce, CA, Byrne, D. Aguinis, H. 'Attraction in Organizations: A Model of Workplace Romance' Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 17, No. 1 (Jan., 1996), pp. 5-32
16. ^ PIERCE CA, AGUINIS H 'Bridging the gap between romantic relationships and sexual harassment in organizations' Journal of Organizational Behavior Volume 18, Issue 3 , Pages 197 - 200 Abstract: Workplace romances and sexual harassment are two phenomena that share a social-sexual component, but have been treated as unrelated issues at work. This article draws a theoretical affective link between workplace romances and sexual harassment and discusses conditions where workplace romances may result in sexual harassment and the implications of the romance-harassment link for management.
17. ^ Shirley Glass 'Not Just Friends'