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Bilingualism in Canada refers to laws and policies of the federal government — and some other levels of government — mandating that certain services and communications be available to the public in both English and French. The term bilingualism (from bi meaning two and lingua meaning language) can refer to rather different phenomena. ...
Canada is a sovereign state in northern North America, the northern-most country in the world, and the second largest in total area. ...
The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...
French (français, langue française) is one of the most important Romance languages, outnumbered in speakers only by Spanish and Portuguese. ...
At the provincial level, only New Brunswick is officially bilingual, though all provinces and territories offer services and education in both official languages. This article is about the Canadian province; for the city in New Jersey, see New Brunswick, New Jersey. ...
History Official bilingualism in various forms dates back to Canadian Confederation in 1867, when the British North America Act allowed both French and English for parliamentary debates and federal court cases. However, for many decades French was given an inferior position in Canadian confederation. The use of French, especially in education, was on several occasions curtailed in mainly English-speaking provinces such as in the Manitoba Schools Question and Ontario's Regulation 17. Bilingualism in its more extensive modern form began with the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism, which started work in 1963 and eventually led to the original Official Languages Act in 1969. 1867 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
The British North America Acts 1867–1975 are a series of Acts of the British Parliament dealing with the government of Canada. ...
The Manitoba Schools Question was a political crisis in Canada in the late 19th century involving separate schools. ...
Regulation 17 was a regulation of the Ontario Ministry of Education, issued in July, 1912 by the Conservative government of premier Sir James P. Whitney. ...
The Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism was a Canadian royal commission established in 1963 by the government of Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson to to inquire into and report upon the existing state of bilingualism and biculturalism in Canada and to recommend what steps should be taken to develop...
Events January-February January 11 - The Whisky A Go-Go night club in Los Angeles, the first disco in the USA, is opened. ...
Official Languages Act can refer to: the Official Languages Act of Canada or the Official Languages Act of Ireland. ...
1969 was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ...
In 1974, the Consumer Packaging and Labelling Act required the use of both French and English on all consumer packaging across the country, and bilingual packaging remains the most visible aspect of bilingualism for the Canadian general public. 1974 is a common year starting on Tuesday (click on link for calendar). ...
In 1977, Quebec introduced its Charter of the French Language (the so-called "Bill 101") to promote and preserve the French language in the province, directly challenging the federal bilingualism policy. Most controversially, the charter bans the use of English on commercial signs in the province, and forbids children from attending English-language public schools unless their parents received the majority of their education in English, in Quebec. For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ...
This article describes the Canadian province. ...
The Charter of the French Language (also known as Bill 101) is a framework law in the province of Quebec, Canada, defining the linguistic rights of all Quebecers and making French, the language of the majority, the sole official language of Quebec. ...
In 1982, the Constitution Act (which the government of Quebec did not endorse) required provinces and territories to make education available in both official languages where numbers warrant. It also added the Canada Clause, extending minority language education rights across Canada. In 1988, a second version of the Official Languages Act was introduced, taking into account the new requirements of the Constitution Act. 1982 is a number and represents a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar Events January-February January 6 - William Bonin is convicted of being the freeway killer. January 8 - AT&T agrees to divest itself of twenty-two subdivisions January 11 - Mark Thatcher, son of the British...
In 1988, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled in the case of Ford v. Quebec (A.G.) that the commercial sign law provisions of the Quebec Charter of the French Language, banning the use of the English language on outdoor signs, were unconstitutional. In 1989, the Quebec national assembly invoked the Notwithstanding clause of the Canadian constitution to set aside enforcement of the court ruling for five years. A UN appeal of the 'McIntyre Case' resulted in a condemnation of Quebec's sign law — regardless of the 'Canadian' legality of the notwithstanding clause. In response, the Quebec national assembly passed its Bill 86 in 1993, availing itself of the suggestions proposed in the losing 1988 Supreme Court ruling by allowing other languages on commercial signs, subject to French being markedly predominant . 1988 is a leap year starting on a Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The Supreme Court Building in Ottawa The Supreme Court of Canada is Canadas highest court and is located in the capital city of Ottawa. ...
Ford v. ...
1989 is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The override power or notwithstanding clause is the legislative power under section 33 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms in the Constitution of Canada. ...
1993 is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003) Events January January 1 - Czechoslovakia divides. ...
On March 31, 2005, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled unanimously that the interpretation of major part requirement in Quebec's language of instruction provisions, limiting access to English-language public education, violated the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The court did not strike down the law but, as was the case with the 1988 ruling on sign laws, presented the province with a set of criteria for bringing the law into conformance with the charter. March 31 is the 90th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (91st in Leap years). ...
2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the bill of rights which forms part of the Constitution of Canada adopted in 1982. ...
Support Support for bilingualism in Canada is mixed. Some Canadians living in provinces with small French populations resent the federal bilingualism policies as unnecessary and excessive government regulation, and for those opponents, the presence of French on their cereal boxes and other packaging is a constant reminder of the policy. Many French-nationalists in Quebec, though benefitting from the inclusive labelling law, resent the federal bilingualism policies just as strongly, seeing them as an attempt to dilute their language and culture with English (Quebec is officially unilingual French). Support for bilingualism appears to be strongest in the area known as the Bilingual belt covering parts of Ontario, Manitoba, western Quebec and Montreal, and the areas of the Maritimes, and weakest in western Canada, though there are supporters and opponents in every part of the country. The bilingual belt is a term for the portion of Canada where both French and English are regularly spoken. ...
Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Other Canadian provinces and territories Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Lieutenant Governor James K. Bartleman Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Area 1,076,395 km² (4th) - Land 917,741 km² - Water 158,654 km² (14. ...
The Maritimes or Maritime provinces are a region of Canada on the Atlantic coast, consisting of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. ...
French immersion is an optional education programme that supports bilingualism[1] (http://www.cpf.ca/English/FAQ/Immersion.pdf). It is a method of languge education where the student is taught all subjects in the French language, not just the language itself. Its popularity is viewed by some as support for bilingualism; others view it as elitism in public education. Support for French immersion has weakened considerably in many parts of the country, but it continues to be popular in Ottawa, with its large civil service population (who must meet bilingualism requirements), and Montreal, where a knowledge of French is now necessary. A similar program of English immersion is also available for French students in Quebec but are often in conflict with the official language policies of the Quebec government [2] (http://www.montrealmirror.com/ARCHIVES/2003/011603/news1.html) This article is about the capital city of Canada. ...
This article needs cleanup. ...
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