ONLF flag

Ogaden (pronounced and often spelled Ogadēn) is the international name of the Somali Regional State in Ethiopia. The inhabitants are predominantly ethnic Somali and Muslim. The title "Somali Galbeed", which means "Western Somalia," is often preferred by some clans. This article is about the ethnic group. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Ogaden. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Ogaden. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ...

The region, which is around 400,000 square kilometres, borders Djibouti, Kenya, and Somalia.^[1] Important towns include Degehabur (Dhagaxbuur in Somali), Gode (Godey), Jijiga (Jigjiga), Kebri Dahar (Qabridahare), Shilavo (Shilaabo) and Werder (Wardheer). Degehabur (also spelled Dhagah Bur) is a town in the eastern part of Ethiopia known as the Ogaden. ... Gode is a town in the Ethiopian part of the Ogaden. ... Jijiga is a city in eastern Ethiopia, located approximately 80 km east of Harar and 60 km west of the border with Somaliland. ... Kebri Dahar (also spelled Kabri Dar) is a town in the eastern part of Ethiopia known as the Ogaden. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Werder (also transliterated Wardar) is a town in eastern Ethiopia. ...

History

Map of Ethiopia highlighting the Somali Region.

Ogaden was part of the Muslim Ifat Sultanate in the 13th & beginning of the 14th centuries. The sultante's borders extened to the Shoa - Addis Ababa area. Then the region was part of the Adal kingdom from late 14th to the last quarter of the 19th centuries. There was an ongoing conflict between the Adal kingdom and the Christian Kingdom of Abyssinia throughout this time. During the first half of the 16th century, most Abyssinian territory came under the rule of Adal, when Imam Ahmed Gurey, the leader of Adal's Army, took control.^[2] Image File history File links Ethiopia-Somali. ... Map of Ethiopia highlighting the Somali region. ... Ifat was a Muslim state of eastern Shewa, located in modern day Ethiopia. ... Adal Sultanate Adal (mythology) Adal (sheep) Adal Ramones Adal (Ancient Turkish Name) Category: ... Adal Sultanate Adal (mythology) Adal (sheep) Adal Ramones Adal (Ancient Turkish Name) Category: ... Ahmed Gurey statue in Mogadishu. ...

The region was conquered by Menelik II during the last quarter of the 19th century, and its boundary with British Somalialand was fixed by treaty in June, 1897.^[3] Emperor Menelik II (Geez ምኒልክ) baptized as Sahle Maryam (August 17, 1844 – December 12, 1913), was of Ethiopia from 1889 to his death. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... The British Somaliland Protectorate was a British protectorate in the north part of the Horn of Africa, later part of Somalia and presently the unrecognized Republic of Somaliland. ...

In practice, Ethiopia exerted little administrative control east of Jijiga until 1934 when an Anglo-Ethiopian boundary commission attempted to demarcate the treaty boundary. This boundary is still disputed. ^[4]

Following their conquest of Italian East Africa, the British sought to unify the Ogaden with British Somaliland and the former Italian Somaliland, to form Greater Somalia.^[5] Ethiopia unsuccessfully pleaded before the London Conference of the Allied Powers to gain the Ogaden and Eritrea in 1945, but their persistent negotiations and pressure from the USA eventually persuaded the British in 1948 to abandon all of the Ogaden except for the northeastern part (called the Haud), and a corridor (called the Reserved Area) stretching from the Haud to French Somaliland (modern Djibouti). The British ceded these last parts to Ethiopia in 1954.^[6] Map of Italian East Africa Italian East Africa or Empire of Italian East Africa (Italian: Africa Orientale Italiana, AOI) was a short-lived (1936-1941) Italian colony in Africa consisting of Ethiopia (recently occupied after the Second Italo-Abyssinian War) and the colonies of Italian Somaliland and Eritrea. ... Flag Capital Aden Religion Islam Political structure Protectorate History  - Established 1884  - Independence June 26, 1960  - Somaliland established 18 May, 1991 Currency British pound British Somaliland was a British protectorate in the north part of the Horn of Africa, and later part of Somalia and presently the unrecognized Republic of Somaliland. ... Italian Somaliland was an Italian colony that lasted, apart from a brief interlude of British rule, from the late 19th century until 1960 in the territory of the modern-day East African nation of Somalia. ... Flag of Somalia, the five edges of the star are said to symbolize the five parts of Greater Somalia Greater Somalia refers to those regions in the Horn of Africa in which ethnic Somalis live. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Haud (or Hawd) is the northeastern part of the Ogaden territory of Ethiopia. ... Year 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar). ...

In the late 1970s, internal unrest in the Ogaden Region resumed. The Western Somalia Liberation Front, spurred by Garad Makhtal Dahir, used guerrilla tactics to resist Ethiopian rule. Ethiopia and Somalia fought the Ogaden War over control of this region and its peoples. During the Somali invasion of the Ogaden, many civilians were killed and development works were destroyed. Daniel Kendie describes the consequences of the invasion: The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, also called The Seventies. ... Combatants Ethiopia Cuba South Yemen Somalia WSLF Commanders Mengistu Haile Mariam Vasily Petrov[1][2] Siad Barre Strength 217,000 Ethiopians 1,500 Soviet advisors 15,000 Cubans 2,000 South Yemenis SNA 60,000 WSLF 15,000 Casualties Unknown 20,000 killed or wounded 1/2 of the Air...

"thousands of defenseless people were killed, and thousands were uprooted and made destitute. It observed that development projects worth millions of dollars in the eastern and southern parts of the country were destroyed. Schools, hospitals, bridges, farms, power plants, water supply systems, industrial plants, and even UN financed settlement projects for nomads were not spared. Whole villages and towns were razed to the ground." ^[7]

In 2007, the Ethiopian Army launched a military crackdown in Ogaden. The main rebel group is the Ogaden National Liberation Front under its Chairman Mohamed O. Osman, which is fighting to liberate the Ogaden from what they see as Ethiopian occupation. The Somalis who inhabit Ogaden claim that the Ethiopian military kill civilians, and destroy the livelihood of many of the ethnic Somalis. Numerous international rights organizations accuse the Ethiopian regime of committing abuses and crimes that "violate laws of war"^[8] as a recent report by the Human Rights Watch indicates. The ONLF attacked a Chinese Oil company in Ogaden in April, 2007 killing 65 Ethiopians and 9 Chinese workers.^[9] According to a US House of Representatives committee, the Ethiopian troops have killed people, tortured civilians and committed crimes against the nomads in the region. ^[10] In late 2007 and early 2008, VOA reported that 200 civilians had been killed by the ONLF. ^[11] Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... Ethiopian T-55 in Somalia The Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) is one of the largest military forces in Africa along with Egypt, Eritrea and Morrocco, and 29th largest in the world. ... Combatants Military of Ethiopia Ogaden National Liberation Front Casualties Undisclosed 502 killed (Ethiopian claim[1][2]) Civilian casualties: At least 38 Ogadeni killed[3] 65 Ethiopian killed 9 Chinese killed The 2007 Ogaden conflict is a campaign involving the Ethiopian Army on the offensive against the rebel Ogaden National Liberation... Flag of the ONLF Territories inhabited by ethnic Somalis The Ogaden National Liberation Front (ONLF) (Amharic: )(Somali: Jahbadda Wadaniga Xoreenta Ogadenia, JWXO), is a separatist rebel group fighting to make the region of Ogaden in eastern Ethiopia an independent state. ... Human Rights Watch Banner Human Rights Watch is a United States-based international non-government organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. ... Voice of America logo Voice of America (VOA) is the official international radio and television broadcasting service of the United States federal government. ...

See also

• Ogaden Basin

The Ogaden Basin is an area of Ethiopia that may hold significant reserves of crude oil and natural gas. ...

Notes

Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 248th day of the year (249th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Links

• Official Ogaden-Somali region of Ethiopia
• List of Ogaden-Somali Members of Ethiopian Parliament
• Ogaden - Kilil 5
• Ogaden online
• ONLF
• Ogaden Video Sharing Site