Ogaki is on the Ibi River in the northwestern part of the Nobi Plain, about 15 km (about 9 mi) west of Gifu, the prefecture capital, and about 25 km (about 16 mi) northwest of Nagoya, the leading city of the region.
During the landmark Battle of Sekigahara that took place west of Ogaki in 1600, the castle was a base for the forces of the warlord Ishida Mitsunari, who served the powerful military general Toyotomi Hideyoshi and his son Hideyori.
During the shogunate's rule, the Edo period (1603-1867), Ogaki was a post-station town (a settlement catering to travelers) on the Kiso Kaido, one of the five historic highways radiating from Edo (now Tokyo) to surrounding provinces.