NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Oghuz languages

The Oghuz languages, a major branch of the Turkic language family, are spoken by more than 110-130 million people (including second language speakers) in an area spanning from the Balkans to China.^{[citation needed]} Current distribution of Human Language Families Most languages are known to belong to language families. ... The Turkic languages constitute a language family of some thirty languages, spoken across a vast area from Eastern Europe to Siberia and Western China with an estimated 140 million native speakers and tens of millions of second-language speakers. ... The Turkic languages constitute a language family of some thirty languages, spoken across a vast area from Eastern Europe to Siberia and Western China with an estimated 140 million native speakers and tens of millions of second-language speakers. ... The Balkans is the historic and geographic name used to describe southeastern Europe (see the Definitions and boundaries section below). ...

Linguistic Features

The Oghuz languages share a number of features that have led linguists to classify them together. Some of these features are shared with other Turkic languages; others are unique to the Oghuz family.

Shared features

Khalaj is a language spoken primarily in Iran and Afghanistan. ... In linguistics, the instrumental case (also called the eighth case) indicates that a noun is the instrument or means by which the subject achieves or accomplishes an action. ... Sakha, or Yakut, is a Turkic language with around 363,000 speakers that is spoken in the Sakha Republic in the Russian Federation. ...

Unique features

Classification

The Oghuz languages may be broken down into three main groups, based on geography and shared features:

An outlying language, Salar, is spoken by about 70,000 people in China. Ottoman Turkish (Turkish: or , Ottoman Turkish: â€Ž ) was the variant of the Turkish language that was used as the administrative and literary language of the Ottoman Empire. ... The Gagauz language (Gagauz dili) is a Turkic language, used by Gagauz people, official language of Gagauzia, Republic of Moldova. ... Meskhetians (Meskhs) may refer to: Ethnic Georgians, indigenous population of Meskheti (Samtskhe-Javakheti province of Georgia). ... The Iraqi Turkmen (also spelled Turkomen, Turcoman, and Turkman) are a distinct Turkic ethnic group living in northern Iraq, notably in the cities of Arbil, Tal Afar, Kirkuk, and Mosul. ... Qashqai (also spelled Ghashghai, Qashqai, Qashqay, and Kashkai) is a Turkic language. ... Afshar or Afshari, is a Turkic language spoken in parts of Afghanistan and Iran. ... Khorasani Turkish (ØªØ±ÙƒÙŠ Ø®Ø±Ø§Ø³Ø§Ù†ÙŠ / Xorasan TÃ¼rkÃ§eÉ™sÄ±) is a Turkic language with around 400,000 speakers that is spoken in northern Khorasan in Iran. ... Salar is a Turkic language spoken by the Salar people, who mainly live in the provinces of Qinghai and Gansu in China. ...

Two languages, Crimean Tatar and Urum are historically Kypchak languages, but have been so heavily influenced by Oghuz languages that it is difficult to classify them definitively as either Oghuz or Kypchak. Crimean Tatar language (QÄ±rÄ±mtatar tili, QÄ±rÄ±mtatarca), also known as Crimean (QÄ±rÄ±m tili, QÄ±rÄ±mca) and Crimean Turkish (QÄ±rÄ±m TÃ¼rkÃ§esi) is the language of the Crimean Tatars. ... Urum is a Turkic language spoken by several thousand people who inhabit a few villages in the Southeastern Ukraine and in Georgia. ... The Kypchak languages (also known as the Kipchak, Qypchaq, or Northeastern Turkic languages), are a major branch of the Turkic language family spoken by more than 12 million people in an area spanning from Lithuania to China. ...

The extinct Pecheneg language is probably Oghuz, but as it is poorly documented, it is difficult to further classify it within the Oghuz family. Pecheneg language is the extinct Turkic language spoken by the Pechenegs in Eastern Europe, similar to Cuman. ...

See also

The Oghuz Turks (also with various alternate spellings, including Oguz, OÄŸuz, Ouz, Okuz, Oufoi, Guozz, Ghuzz and Uz) are regarded as one of the major branches of Turkic peoples. ... The Turkic languages constitute a language family of some thirty languages, spoken across a vast area from Eastern Europe to Siberia and Western China with an estimated 140 million native speakers and tens of millions of second-language speakers. ... This article is about the various peoples speaking one of the Turkic languages. ...

References

Categories: Articles with unsourced statements since March 2007 | All articles with unsourced statements | Turkic languages | Vowel harmony languages The Turkic languages constitute a language family of some thirty languages, spoken across a vast area from Eastern Europe to Siberia and Western China with an estimated 140 million native speakers and tens of millions of second-language speakers. ... Bolgar (also BolÄŸar), also Proto-Bulgarian is the language of the Bulgars, now extinct, whose classification is unclear. ... Chuvash language (pronounced /ËˆÊ§u. ... The Hunnic language is an extinct language of the Huns. ... Language spoken by the medieval Khazar tribe. ... The Turkic language spoken by the GÃ¶ktÃ¼rks and used on the Orkhon inscriptions. ... Aini is a Turkic language spoken in western China known as Aini, variously spelled Aynu or Ainu, though it is unrelated to the Ainu language of Japan and Russia. ... The Chagatai language is an extinct Turkic language which was once widely spoken in Central Asia. ... Ili Turki is a language spoken primarily in China. ... Uyghur (â€Ž//, or â€Ž//)[1] is a Turkic language spoken by the Uyghur people in Xinjiang (also called East Turkestan or Uyghurstan), formerly also â€œSinkiangâ€ and â€œChinese Turkestan,â€ a Central Asian region administered by China. ... The Kypchak languages (also known as the Kipchak, Qypchaq, or Northeastern Turkic languages), are a major branch of the Turkic language family spoken by more than 12 million people in an area spanning from Lithuania to China. ... ... The Bashkir language is a Turkic language, a member of the Kyphchak group of languages. ... Crimean Tatar language (QÄ±rÄ±mtatar tili, QÄ±rÄ±mtatarca), also known as Crimean (QÄ±rÄ±m tili, QÄ±rÄ±mca) and Crimean Turkish (QÄ±rÄ±m TÃ¼rkÃ§esi) is the language of the Crimean Tatars. ... Cuman language was a Turkic language spoken by the Kipchaks (also known as the Cumans) similar to todays Crimean Tatar language. ... The Karachay-Balkar language (ÐšÑŠÐ°Ñ€Ð°Ñ‡Ð°Ð¹-ÐœÐ°Ð»ÐºÑŠÐ°Ñ€ /Qarachay-Malqar/) is a Turkic language of the Karachays and Balkars. ... The Karaim language is a Turkic language with Hebrew influences, in a similar manner to Yiddish or Ladino. ... Karakalpak is a Turkic language mainly spoken by Karakalpaks in Karakalpakstan (Uzbekistan), as well as by Kazakhs, Bashkirs and Nogay. ... Kazakh, also Kazak, Qazaq, Khazakh, Kosach, and Kaisak (ÒšÐ°Ð·Ð°Ò› Ñ‚Ñ–Ð»Ñ– in Cyrillic, Qazaq tili in the Latin alphabet, and Ù‚Ø§Ø²Ø§Ù‚ ØªØ¡Ù‰Ù„Ø¡ÙŠ in the Arabic alphabet) is a Western Turkic language closely related to Kyrgyz, Nogai and Karakalpak. ... The Kipchak language was an extinct Turkic language of Kipchak-Bolghar group. ... Krymchak is the Crimean Tatar language dialect spoken by the Krymchaks - Rabbanite Jews of the Crimea. ... Kumyk (also Qumuq, Kumuk, Kumuklar, and Kumyki) is a Turkic language, spoken by about 200 thousands speakers (the Kumyks) in the Dagestan republic of Russian Federation. ... Nogai (also Nogay or Nogai Tatar), is a language spoken in Central Asia (southwestern Russia). ... The Tatar language (Tatar tele, TatarÃ§a, Ð¢Ð°Ñ‚Ð°Ñ€ Ñ‚ÐµÐ»Ðµ, Ð¢Ð°Ñ‚Ð°Ñ€Ñ‡Ð°) is a Turkic language spoken by the Tatars. ... Urum is a Turkic language spoken by several thousand people who inhabit a few villages in the Southeastern Ukraine and in Georgia. ... Altay is a language of the Turkic group of languages. ... Kyrgyz or Kirghiz (ÐšÑ‹Ñ€Ð³Ñ‹Ð· Ñ‚Ð¸Ð»Ð¸) is a Northwestern Turkic language, and, together with Russian, an official language of Kyrgyzstan. ... Afshar or Afshari, is a Turkic language spoken in parts of Afghanistan and Iran. ... Crimean Tatar language (QÄ±rÄ±mtatar tili, QÄ±rÄ±mtatarca), also known as Crimean (QÄ±rÄ±m tili, QÄ±rÄ±mca) and Crimean Turkish (QÄ±rÄ±m TÃ¼rkÃ§esi) is the language of the Crimean Tatars. ... The Gagauz language (Gagauz dili) is a Turkic language, used by Gagauz people, official language of Gagauzia, Republic of Moldova. ... Khorasani Turkish (ØªØ±ÙƒÙŠ Ø®Ø±Ø§Ø³Ø§Ù†ÙŠ / Xorasan TÃ¼rkÃ§eÉ™sÄ±) is a Turkic language with around 400,000 speakers that is spoken in northern Khorasan in Iran. ... Ottoman Turkish (Turkish: or , Ottoman Turkish: â€Ž ) was the variant of the Turkish language that was used as the administrative and literary language of the Ottoman Empire. ... Pecheneg language is the extinct Turkic language spoken by the Pechenegs in Eastern Europe, similar to Cuman. ... Qashqai (also spelled Ghashghai, Qashqai, Qashqay, and Kashkai) is a Turkic language. ... Salar is a Turkic language spoken by the Salar people, who mainly live in the provinces of Qinghai and Gansu in China. ... Urum is a Turkic language spoken by several thousand people who inhabit a few villages in the Southeastern Ukraine and in Georgia. ... Khalaj is a language spoken primarily in Iran and Afghanistan. ... Chulyum also known as Chulym-Turkic , Chulym Tatar (not at all related to the Tatar language), or KÃ¼erik is a language of Chulyms. ... The Dolgan Language, is a Turkic language with around 5,000 speakers that is spoken in the Taymyr Peninsula in the Russian Federation. ... FuyÃ¼ GÃ¯rgÃ¯s or Fu-Yu Kirgiz is the easternmost Turkic language. ... Khakas is a Turkic language spoken by the Khakas people, who mainly live in the southern Siberian Khakas Republic, or Khakassia, in Russia. ... The Shor language is one of the Turkic languages. ... Tofa, also known as Tofalar or Karagas, is one of the Turkic languages. ... Tuvan (Tuvan: Ð¢Ñ‹Ð²Ð° Ð´Ñ‹Ð» Tyva dyl), also known as Tuvinian, Tyvan, or Tuvin, is one of the Turkic languages. ... Western Yugur and Eastern Yugur are terms coined by Chinese linguists to distinguish between the Turkic and Mongolic Yugur language, both spoken within the Yugur nationality. ... Sakha, or Yakut, is a Turkic language with around 363,000 speakers that is spoken in the Sakha Republic in the Russian Federation. ... A mixed language is a language that arises when two languages are in contact and there is a high degree of bilingualism among speakers. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ...

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