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Encyclopedia > Ohio (1970 song)
"Ohio"
No cover available
Single by Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young
B-side(s) "Find the Cost of Freedom"
Released June, 1970
Format 7"
Recorded 1970
Genre Rock
Length 2 min 58 s
Label Atlantic
Chart positions
Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young singles chronology
"Teach Your Children"
(1966)
"Ohio"
(1970)
"Our House"
(1977)

"Ohio" is a protest song performed by Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, and written by Neil Young in reaction to the Kent State shootings. It was released as a single, peaking at #14 on the Billboard Hot 100. Its first appearance on album came on the group's So Far compilation released in 1974. Image File history File links Nocover. ... A collection of various CD singles In music, a single is a short record, usually featuring one or two tracks as A-side, often accompanied by several B-sides, usually remixes or other songs. ... Crosby, Stills, & Nash (sometimes known as Crosby, Stills, Nash, & Young) is a pioneering folk rock/rock supergroup that formed out of the remnants of three 1960s bands the Buffalo Springfield, the Byrds, and the Hollies. ... In recorded music, the terms A-side and B-side refer to the two sides of 7 inch vinyl records on which singles were released beginning in the 1950s. ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ... A gramophone record, (also phonograph record - often simply record) is an analog sound recording medium: a flat disc rotating at a constant angular velocity, with inscribed spiral grooves in which a stylus or needle rides. ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ... A music genre is a category (or genre) of pieces of music that share a certain style or basic musical language (van der Merwe 1989, p. ... Rock is a form of popular music from the late 20th century which typically features a vocal melody (often with vocal harmony) that is supported by accompaniment of electric guitars, a bass guitar, and drums, often with a strong back beat. ... A minute is a unit of time equal to 1/60th of an hour and to 60 seconds. ... Look up second in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... A record chart, also known as a music chart, is a method of ranking music according to popularity during a given period of time. ... Crosby, Stills, & Nash (sometimes known as Crosby, Stills, Nash, & Young) is a pioneering folk rock/rock supergroup that formed out of the remnants of three 1960s bands the Buffalo Springfield, the Byrds, and the Hollies. ... 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1966 calendar). ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ... Our House was a family-oriented drama which ran early on Sunday evening on NBC from 1986 to 1988. ... For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ... A protest song is a song intended to protest perceived problems in society such as injustice, racial discrimination, war, globalization, inflation, social inequalities. ... Crosby, Stills & Nash, also Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young when including occasional fourth member Neil Young, are a folk rock/rock supergroup. ... Neil Percival Kenneth Robert Ragland Young (born November 12, 1945) is a singer/songwriter who grew up in Winnipeg, Manitoba. ... John Filos Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph of Mary Ann Vecchio, a fourteen year-old runaway, kneeling over the dead or dying body of Jeffrey Miller, shot in the mouth by an unknown Ohio National Guardsman. ... The Billboard Hot 100 is the United States music industry standard singles popularity chart issued weekly by Billboard magazine. ... An album is a collection of related audio tracks distributed to the public. ... So Far is the first compliation album released by Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young. ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ...

Contents


Recording

Almost immediately after the shootings occurred, Young penned the lyrics to "Ohio" after seeing the photos of the incident in Life magazine. On the evening that CSNY entered Record Plant Studios in New York City, the song had already been rehearsed, and the quartet with their regular rhythm section recorded it live in just a few takes. During the same session they recorded the song's equally direct b-side, Stephen Stills' ode to the war's dead "Find the Cost of Freedom." Like its companion, the Stills track was cut live, the four voices blending to the accompaniment of only Stills' guitar. It also appeared on the So Far LP of three years later. Edward Steichen portrait of Greta Garbo. ... Record Plant Studios (also known as just The Record Plant) is a famous recording studio, first opening in New York City at 321 West 44th Street map, in 1968. ... Flag Seal Nickname: Big Apple Location Location in the state of New York Government Counties (Boroughs) Bronx (The Bronx) New York (Manhattan) Queens (Queens) Kings (Brooklyn) Richmond (Staten Island) Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Geographical characteristics Area     City 1,214. ... In recorded music, the terms A-side and B-side refer to the two sides of 7 inch vinyl records on which singles have been released since the 1950s. ... Stephen Stills Stephen Arthur Stills is an American guitarist and singer/songwriter best known for his work with the Buffalo Springfield and Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young. ...


The record was mastered with the participation of the four principals, rush-released by Atlantic and heard on the radio with only a few weeks delay. In his liner notes for the song on the Decade retrospective, Young reported that "David Crosby cried when we finished this take." Crosby can be heard keening "four, why? why did they die?" and "how many more?" in the fade. A master recording is an original recording, from which copies may be made. ... Atlantic Records (Atlantic Recording Corporation) is an American record label that operates as a wholly owned subsidiary of Warner Music Group. ... For eras of time, see Decades. ... David Crosby performing live David Crosby (born David Van Cortland Crosby on August 14, 1941 in Los Angeles, California) is a guitarist, singer, and songwriter. ...


Lyrics and Reaction

The lyrics help evoke the turbulent mood of indignation and shock in the wake of the shootings, especially the line "four dead in Ohio," repeated throughout the song. "Tin soldiers and Nixon coming," refers the Ohio National Guardsmen who killed the student protesters and Young's attribution of their deaths to the President of the United States, Richard Nixon. "Should have been done long ago" echoes the sentiments of right-wing supporters of the war and their view of hippie protesters as traitors, as voiced in interviews of the time such as CBS Television's The Common Man. Crosby once stated that Young keeping Nixon's name in the lyrics was "the bravest thing I ever heard." Seal of the National Guard Bureau Seal of the Army National Guard Seal of the Air National Guard Seal of the National Guard Missile Defense The United States National Guard is a component of the United States Army (the Army National Guard) and the United States Air Force (the Air... The presidential seal was used by President Hayes in 1880 and last modified in 1959 by adding the 50th star for Hawaii. ... Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. ... Hippies at the Nambassa 1981 Festival New Zealand Hippie, occasionally spelled hippy, is a term commonly used to refer to some of the disaffected youth of the 1960s and early 1970s. ... In law, treason is the crime of disloyalty to ones nation or state. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...


After the single's release, it was banned from some AM radio stations because of the challenge to the Nixon Administration in the lyrics, but received airplay on then underground FM stations in larger cities and college towns. The American counterculture took the group as its own after this song, giving the four a status as leaders and spokesmen they would enjoy to varying extent for the rest of the decade. AM radio is radio broadcasting using Amplitude Modulation. ... A radio station is a site configured for broadcasting sound. ... FM radio is a broadcast technology invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong that uses frequency modulation to provide high-fidelity sound over broadcast radio. ... In sociology, counterculture is a term used to describe a cultural group whose values and norms run counter to those of the social mainstream of the day, the cultural equivalent of political opposition or swimming against the tide. ... The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. ...


The song was later re-recorded by Devo on the 2002 album When Pigs Fly: Songs You Never Thought You'd Hear. The song was of particular significance to this group, as its founding members Jerry Casale and Mark Mothersbaugh had been present at Kent State during the tragedy. Devo (pronounced DEE-vo or dee-VO, sometimes spelled Dev-O and often DEVO) is an American Rock group formed in Akron, Ohio in 1972. ... Gerald Casale: Pre Getting Laid Gerald Casale: Post Getting Laid Gerald Casale returns from the veterinarian Gerald Casale (born July 28, 1948) is the Bass Guitar/Synth Player, a vocalist, and one of the founding members (along with Mark Mothersbaugh and Bob Lewis) of the new wave band Devo. ... Mark Mothersbaugh (born May 18, 1950, in Akron, Ohio) is an American musician, composer, singer, and painter. ...


Performed by:

Neil Percival Kenneth Robert Ragland Young (born November 12, 1945) is a singer/songwriter who grew up in Winnipeg, Manitoba. ... Stephen Stills Stephen Arthur Stills is an American guitarist and singer/songwriter best known for his work with the Buffalo Springfield and Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young. ... David Crosby performing live David Crosby (born David Van Cortland Crosby on August 14, 1941 in Los Angeles, California) is a guitarist, singer, and songwriter. ... Graham William Nash (born 2 February 1942) is an English singer-songwriter known primarily for his light tenor vocals and songwriting contributions in pop group The Hollies and folk-rock band Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young. ...

References

An Audio Engineer is a person recording, editing, manipulating, mixing and mastering sound by technical means. ...

External links

Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young
David Crosby | Stephen Stills | Graham Nash | Neil Young
Discography
Crosby, Stills & Nash | Déjà Vu | Four Way Street | So Far | CSN | Replay | Daylight Again | Allies | American Dream | Live It Up | CSN (box set) | After The Storm | Carry On | Looking Forward | Greatest Hits
Songs
Suite: Judy Blue Eyes | Marrakesh Express | Wooden Ships | Woodstock | Ohio | Southern Cross | Helpless
Other related bands
The Byrds | Buffalo Springfield | The Hollies | CPR | Crosby & Nash | The Stills-Young Band | Manassas | Crazy Horse
Other related people
Joni Mitchell | Judy Collins | Chris Hillman | Cass Elliot | Timothy B. Schmit

 

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