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Encyclopedia > Ohio Statehouse
South facade of the Ohio Statehouse
South facade of the Ohio Statehouse

The Ohio Statehouse, located in Columbus, Ohio, is the seat of government for the state of Ohio. The Greek Revival building houses the Ohio General Assembly and the ceremonial offices of the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Treasurer, and Auditor. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2812x2258, 848 KB) [edit] Summary The Ohio Statehouse in Columbus, Ohio. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2812x2258, 848 KB) [edit] Summary The Ohio Statehouse in Columbus, Ohio. ... Nickname: Location in the state of Ohio, USA Coordinates: Country United States State Ohio Counties Franklin, Delaware, and Fairfield Government  - Mayor Michael B. Coleman (D) Area  - City  212. ... Official language(s) None Capital Columbus Largest city Columbus Largest metro area Cleveland Area  Ranked 34th  - Total 44,825 sq mi (116,096 km²)  - Width 220 miles (355 km)  - Length 220 miles (355 km)  - % water 8. ... Personal residence of Catherine the Great Greek Revival was a style of classical architecture which became fashionable in Europe in the 18th century, and in the United Kingdom and United States in the early 19th century. ... The Ohio General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Ohio. ... Ohio Governors Ohio was admitted to the Union on March 1, 1803. ... The position of lieutenant governor of Ohio was established in 1852. ... Category: ... The Ohio State Auditor is responsible for auditing all the public offices of the state of Ohio, from the largest to the smallest. ...

Contents

History

Design and construction

When the state government moved to the new city of Columbus in 1816, it occupied a modest two-story building on the corner of High and State Streets. This early capitol held chambers for the Ohio House of Representatives and Ohio Senate, but the rapid growth and expansion of government functions resulted in overcrowding. Efforts to relieve the cramped quarters with additional small buildings were ineffective, and it soon became apparent that the government would require a larger, more aesthetically appealing facility. Nickname: Location in the state of Ohio, USA Coordinates: Country United States State Ohio Counties Franklin, Delaware, and Fairfield Government  - Mayor Michael B. Coleman (D) Area  - City  212. ... 1816 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... For other uses, see Capitol (disambiguation). ...


In 1838, Ohio's government announced a competition to select the design for a new Statehouse. This type of strategy was not unusual at the time, as important public buildings such as the U.S. Capitol had resulted from similar contests. From a field of about fifty entries, three winners were selected: first prize went to Henry Walter of Cincinnati, second to Martin Thompson of New York, and third to painter Thomas Cole, also of New York. However, the organizing commission responsible for choosing the winners was unable to agree on a final design for construction. | Jöns Jakob Berzelius, discoverer of protein 1838 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The West front of the United States Capitol. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... NY redirects here. ... Thomas Cole, ca. ...


When the cornerstone was laid on July 4, 1839, the commission was still without a final design. Consultation with New York architect Alexander Jackson Davis resulted in a composite design that merged some key features from the three winning entries, but it was rejected as being too expensive. Henry Walter, the first-place winner of the design contest, was chosen to supervise construction of the new capitol, and he began working on another composite design that would owe much of its inspiration to third-place winner, Thomas Cole. Cole's South facade, with its long screen of Doric columns owes much to Karl Friedrich Schinkel's Altes Museum (1824-1830) in Berlin. Cornerstone has several possible meanings and uses: Look up cornerstone in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For the United States holiday, the Fourth of July, see Independence Day (United States). ... 1839 (MDCCCXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Federal Customs House (now Federal Hall, New York City, with Ithiel Town, 1833 – 42 Alexander Jackson Davis (A.J. Davis) (New York City July 24, 1803 – January 14, 1892) was the most successful and influential American architect of his generation. ... The Old Museum in Berlin Karl Friedrich Schinkel (March 13, 1781 - October 9, 1841) was a German architect and painter. ... Berlin, Old Museum, June 2003 The Altes Museum or Old Museum (until 1845 Royal Museum) located on Berlins Museum Island was built between 1825 and 1828 by the architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel in the neoclassical style to house the Prussian Royal familys art collection. ...


Work on the building's foundation and lower level had only just begun when the Statehouse project encountered the first of many difficult setbacks. The legislation that made Columbus the official capital city of Ohio was set to expire. While various factions within the government engaged in debate over relocating the capitol to another city, construction of the Statehouse came to a halt. Open excavations were refilled with earth, and Capitol Square became open pasture for livestock. Pastureland Pasture is land with lush herbaceous vegetation cover used for grazing of ungulates as part of a farm or ranch. ... Sheep are commonly bred as livestock. ...


The Statehouse remained in a state of neglect until February, 1848, when William Russell West and J.O. Sawyer of Cincinnati were appointed architects and general supervisors of the project. By May the construction had resumed. Unfortunately, a cholera epidemic struck Columbus, prompting widespread flight to the countryside as the city was gripped with panic. Once the epidemic subsided, work on the Statehouse continued steadily, interrupted only by periodic breaks during the harsh Ohio winters. Year 1848 (MDCCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Cholera (frequently called Asiatic cholera or epidemic cholera) is a severe diarrheal disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. ...


Fire consumed the old two-story capitol building in 1852, which created a new urgency to complete the Statehouse project as government offices were forced to relocate to various buildings around Columbus. While some suspected arson, the exact cause of the fire remains a mystery to this day. With the Statehouse exterior nearing completion by 1854, Columbus architect Nathan Kelley was brought on to supervise the design and construction of the building’s interiors. One of his major tasks would be to provide a system for heating and ventilation in the building, which up to that point had not been considered. An innovative steam heating system was constructed, with warmed air moved through the building in what Kelley called "air sewers"--small passages made of bricks that linked the various floors of the building. With great fanfare, the new Statehouse opened to the public on January 7, 1857, and soon thereafter the Ohio General Assembly convened in their new chambers. By now, most of the building was completed, with the notable exception of the rotunda. Although actual work on the building was proceeding smoothly, government officials were deeply dissatisfied with Mr. Kelley, citing problems with his working methods and aesthetic choices. 1852 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1854 (MDCCCLIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Nathan Kelley (1808-02-26 in Warren County, Ohio - 1871-11-20 in Columbus, Ohio) was a United States architect and builder. ... 1857 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... The Ohio General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Ohio. ... In Mosta, Malta, the Rotunda of Santa Marija Assunta is covered by a saucer dome. ...


Isaiah Rogers, a well-known Cincinnati architect, was recruited to supervise the final stages of the Statehouse's construction. During his tenure, Rogers oversaw completion of the building's interior and coordinated work on the distinctive rotunda and its enclosing cupola. One of the building's most distinctive exterior features is the low, conical roof atop the cupola, positioned where most viewers expect to see a dome. In the long span between beginning construction on the Statehouse and its completion, the "finished" design changed many times and various proposals included a round dome atop the building. Rogers, in deciding not to use a dome, was actually reverting to a design scheme by architects West and Sawyer. A dome was not aesthetically in keeping with the Greek style of the building, and it would also increase the expense of construction. In the end, the building featured a low conical roof that some critics would deride as "a Chinese hat." Construction of Capitol Square, including its buildings, grounds, and landscaping, was finally completed in 1861. Isaiah Rogers (1800—1869), born in Massachusetts, was a prominent American architect of national reputation who practiced in Mobile, Alabama, Boston, Massachusetts, New York City, and Cincinnati, Ohio. ... Cupola of St Peters Basilica, Rome In architecture, a cupola consists of a dome-shaped ornamental structure located on top of a larger roof or dome, often used as a lookout or to admit light and provide ventilation. ... 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link with display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar) // January 1 - Benito Juárez captures Mexico City January 2 - Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia dies and is succeeded by...


Changes and expansion

As the role and function of State government changed and expanded, changes and expansions took place at the Ohio Statehouse. Originally, the building was the central location for all aspects of state government. As more offices and work rooms were required, large spaces would be subdivided into smaller areas. Infill construction swallowed up large areas of the building. The most prominent example was the filling in of the four open courts that occupied areas on the interior of the building. These open areas went from top to bottom of the structure and were intended to admit light and fresh air to the inner reaches of the building. The advent of electric light coupled with the need for space meant that many levels of offices would come to occupy these large open areas. The fifty-four rooms the building originally held increased to 317 individual rooms by 1989. 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...


In 1963, state lawmakers were inconvenienced by having to park on side streets and walk in the weather to the State House. In a controversial move, they destroyed the front lawn with its beautiful and historic trees to install a "cut and cover" parking garage. While the lawn was restored, it lost its historic character, namely in the heavy cover of old well established trees that gave the lawn a park like setting.


In 1901, the Supreme Court was relocated to a separate building on the east side of Capitol Square to alleviate crowding, and to give the body the prestige of its own building. The new building, called the Judiciary Annex was constructed of the same Columbus limestone as the Statehouse. Neoclassical on the exterior, the interior spaces, especially the grand central staircase are Beaux Arts in style. The building was the work of Cincinnati architect Samuel Hanaford, and was completed in two years at the cost of $375,000. By comparison, the Statehouse itself took 22 years from start to finish and cost approximately $1.3 million. The difference in cost and time to completion points to large differences in how the buildings were constructed. The Statehouse is moe akin to a castle or cathedral, with thick load bearing walls of stone. The Annex was a modern building with a metal girder skeleton and was planned for the use of electric light. The building retains many of its original light fixtures, while those in the Statehouse are reproductions of the gas lights that were removed to make way for electrical appliances in the 1890s. 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The Ohio Supreme Court is the highest court in the U.S. state of Ohio, with final authority over interpretations of Ohio law and the Ohio Constitution. ... Limey shale overlaid by limestone. ...


Restoration

The two buildings became crowded, and decay from poor maintenance and heavy usage was evident. Both buildings survived despite proposals made to either demolish one or both buildings, or substantially remodel them. In 1989, a massive project commenced with the aim of restoring the buildings to the splendor their original builders envisioned as well as make them useful and practical government buildings. Original furniture was sought out to return to the building when possible, and modern reproductions or long gone items such as carpets and light fixtures were created. The large scale light fixtures in the House and Senate were based in large part on surviving period fixtures in the Vermont State House, which was under going restoration at the same time. The Atrium, which connected the Statehouse with the Judiciary Annex, was completed in 1993. After the renovation, the Judiciary Annex became the Senate Building. 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Vermont State House The Vermont State House, located in Montpelier, Vermont, is the capitol and seat of government of the U.S. state of Vermont. ... 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ...


Description

The Statehouse in downtown Columbus

The Ohio Statehouse is located on Capitol Square, a 10 acre (40,000 m²) plot of land donated by four prominent Columbus landowners. The Statehouse stands upon foundations 18 feet (5 m) deep, built in part by prisoners sentenced to hard labor. The Statehouse in downtown Columbus. ... The Statehouse in downtown Columbus. ... An acre is the name of a unit of area in a number of different systems, including Imperial units and United States customary units. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... The or meter (see spelling differences) is a measure of length. ...


The Statehouse features a central recessed porch with a colonnade of a forthright and primitive Greek Doric mode, built of Columbus limestone that was quarried on the west banks of the Scioto River. A broad and low central pediment supports the windowed astylar drum, referred to as a Cupola, which contains an occulus that lights the interior rotunda. The Doric order was one of the three orders or organizational systems of Ancient Greek or classical architecture; the other two canonic orders being the Ionic and the Corinthian. ... Limey shale overlaid by limestone. ... Perspective view looking upstream of Scioto River valley near Portsmouth, Ohio. ...


Unlike many U.S. state capitol buildings, the Ohio Statehouse owes little to the architecture of the United States Capitol. It was designed and built before the U.S. Capitol was enlarged to its present form, with the large white dome that would become ubiquitous on government buildings in America. The West front of the United States Capitol. ...


The Ohio Statehouse has been hailed as a supreme example of Greek Revival style. It is not patterned on one single building, but is a combination of stylistic elements from Greek sources, melded with contemprorary needs and functions. The cupola shows direct inspiration from the Tholos of Delphi, a circular temple built around 360 BC. The Parthenon of Athens also is a profound influence. No ancient Greek building would have contained windows, but they were a major part of Greek Revival for a more practical reason: in the days before electric light, sunlight was the major source of illumination. Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 410s BC 400s BC 390s BC 380s BC 370s BC 360s BC 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC 320s BC 310s BC 365 BC 364 BC 363 BC 362 BC 361 BC 360 BC 359 BC 358 BC 357... The Parthenon seen from the hill of the Pnyx to the west. ...


The ceremonial offices of the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Treasurer, and Auditor are located on the first floor of the building. The removal of the Governor's working office to the Vern Riffe Center for Government and the Arts. located across High Street from the Statehouse, was originally a temporary step taken while the historic building was undergoing an extensive restoration and upgrading. At the completion of the project the sitting Governor, George Voinovich preferred the larger, more modern space and did not return to the Statehouse office except for occasional ceremonial use. Voinovich's successor Bob Taft used the historical Governor's Office in a similar way. Current Governor Ted Strickland, however, stated during his 2006 election campaign his intention to use the Statehouse office on a regular basis. Strickland sees the presence of the Governor in a building where the Legislature also works as both symbolic and practical examples of how the branches of government relate to each other. Ohio Governors Ohio was admitted to the Union on March 1, 1803. ... The position of lieutenant governor of Ohio was established in 1852. ... Category: ... The Ohio State Auditor is responsible for auditing all the public offices of the state of Ohio, from the largest to the smallest. ... Vernal G. Riffe Jr. ... George Victor Voinovich (Vojinović in Serbo-Croatian) (born July 15, 1936) is an American politician of the Republican Party. ... Robert Alphonso Bob Taft II (born January 8, 1942) served as a Republican governor of the U.S. state of Ohio from 1999-2007. ... Ted Strickland, Ph. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...


The Ohio General Assembly chambers are on the second floor. Although in appearance and general layout they are quite close to original appearance of the building, they have been modernized in many ways to improve the day to day work of the law making process. Modern information and communication capabilities have been added. The Ohio General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Ohio. ...


The Atrium, which connects the Statehouse with the Senate Building, is a large open space which hosts government functions and ceremonies as well as various meetings and events. It is constructed of the same limestone as the two adjoining buildings. Limey shale overlaid by limestone. ...


Art Works and Monuments

The Statehouse contains many large scale art works both within the walls and on the grounds of the building. There are a great number of portraits of Governors and Lt. Governors contained in hearing rooms and offices throughout the building, and in public spaces there are several large scale artworks that memorialize individuals or events significant to the state or the nation. Ohio artist Howard Chandler Christy is represented with two paintings that depict the Signing of the Treaty of Greenville a seminal event in state history, and a painting that honors another Ohio native, Thomas Edison. PresidentAbraham Lincoln visited the building at three different occasions, and a large marble bust erected after his death memorializes him and also depicts the Union victory at Vicksburg, Ms. On the grounds of the building a large statuary group is dedicated as a monument to Ohio Governor and U.S. President William McKinley. Howard Chandler Christy (January 10, 1873—March 3, 1952) was an American artist. ... This depiction of the treaty negotiations may have been painted by one of Anthony Waynes officers. ... Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman who developed many devices which greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph and a long lasting light bulb. ... President is a title held by many leaders of organizations, companies, trade unions, universities, and countries. ... For other uses, see Abraham Lincoln (disambiguation). ... William McKinley Jr. ...


References

External links

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This is a list of state capitols in the United States, not to be confused with a list of state capitals. ... The Alabama State Capitol The Alabama State Capitol is located on Goat Hill in Montgomery, Alabama. ... The Alaska Capitol The Alaska State Capitol Building is located in Juneau, Alaska. ... The Arizona State Capitol The Arizona State Capitol building in Phoenix, Arizona formerly housed the Territorial and State Legislatures, as well as various executive offices. ... The Capitol Building The Arkansas State Capitol Building, located in Little Rock, is the seat of government of the state of Arkansas. ... California State Capitol Capitol Building from N Street The California State Capitol building in Sacramento, California houses the California State Legislature and the office of the Governor of California. ... Colorado State Capitol Building The Colorado State Capitol Building, located in Denver, Colorado, is the home of the Colorado legislature. ... The Connecticut State House The Connecticut State House is located in the capital of Hartford, Connecticut and houses the State Senate and House of Representatives. ... The Delaware State Capitol is the state capitol building of the U.S. state of Delaware. ... The new and old Florida State Capitols, seen from the southwest. ...

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The Massachusetts State House Full view of the south side The Massachusetts State House is the state capitol of Massachusetts. ... The Michigan State Capitol The Michigan State Capitol is the building housing two branches of the government of the U.S. state of Michigan. ... Minnesota State Capitol at Night The Minnesota State Capitol is located in Minnesotas capital city, Saint Paul, and houses the Minnesota Senate, Minnesota House of Representatives, the Office of the Attorney General and the Office of the Governor. ... Mississippi State Capitol The Mississippi State Capitol is the state capitol building of the U.S. state of Mississippi. ... The Missouri State Capitol is the state capitol building of the U.S. state of Missouri. ... The state Capitol building, Helena, Montana The Montana State Capitol is the state capitol building of the U.S. state of Montana. ... The Nebraska State Capitol The Nebraska State Capitol (aka The Tower on the Plain), located in Lincoln, Nebraska, is the capitol and seat of government of the U.S. state of Nebraska. ... Nevada State Capitol The Nevada State Capitol is the state capitol building of the U.S. state of Nevada. ... New Hampshire State House The New Hampshire State House is the state capitol building of the U.S. state of New Hampshire. ... The New Jersey State House is located in Trenton, New Jersey and is the seat of government for the U.S. state of New Jersey. ...

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The Roundhouse The New Mexico State Capitol (aka: the Roundhouse), located in Santa Fe, New Mexico, is seat of government of the U.S. state of New Mexico. ... New York State Capitol The New York State Capitol is the state capitol building of the U.S. state of New York. ... North Carolina State Capitol The North Carolina State Capitol is the state capitol building of the U.S. state of North Carolina. ... North Dakota State Capitol The North Dakota State Capitol is the state capitol building of the U.S. state of North Dakota. ... Oklahoma State Capitol The Oklahoma State Capitol, located in Oklahoma City, is the seat of government of the U.S. state of Oklahoma and the location of the chambers of the Oklahoma Legislature. ... Oregon State Capitol, July 1989 The Oregon State Capitol is the state capitol building of the U.S. state of Oregon. ... The State Capitol of Pennsylvania, located in downtown Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, is the seat of government of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. ... North façade The Rhode Island State House, located in downtown Providence, Rhode Island, is the seat of government of the U.S. state of Rhode Island. ... South Carolina State House South Carolina State House The South Carolina State House is the State Capitol building of the U.S. state of South Carolina. ...

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Wyoming South Dakota State Capitol The South Dakota State Capitol is the state capitol building of the U.S. state of South Dakota. ... The Tennessee State Capitol, located in Nashville, Tennessee, is the home of the Tennessee legislature. ... The Capitol Building is brilliantly illuminated at night The Texas State Capitol, located in Austin, Texas, is the fourth building to serve as the seat of Texas government. ... Utah State Capitol in 2002 Inside the Utah State Capitol in 2002 The Utah State Capitol is located on Capitol Hill, overlooking downtown Salt Lake City, Utah. ... The Vermont State House The Vermont State House, located in Montpelier, Vermont, is the capitol and seat of government of the U.S. state of Vermont. ... The Virginia State Capitol is the seat of state government in the Commonwealth of Virginia, located in Richmond, the third State Capital of Virginia. ... Legislative Building The Washington State Capitol in Olympia, Washington is the seat of government of the state of Washington. ... The West Virginia State Capitol The West Virginia State Capitol is the state capitol building of the U.S. state of West Virginia. ... The Wisconsin State Capitol, located in Madison, Wisconsin, houses both arms of the Wisconsin legislature, the state Supreme Court, and the Office of the Governor. ... Wyoming State Capitol, seen from front, showing statue of Esther Hobart Morris The Wyoming State Capitol is the state capitol and seat of government of the U.S. state of Wyoming. ...


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Ohio General Assembly - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (483 words)
The Ohio General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Ohio.
The Assembly meets in the Ohio Statehouse in the state capital of Columbus, Ohio.
A complicated formula apportioned legislators to Ohio counties and the number of seats in the legislative houses varied from year-to-year.
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