The Turkic language spoken by the Gokturks and used on the Orkhon inscriptions. It was written using the Orkhon script. The Turkic languages are a group of closely related languages that are spoken by a variety of people distributed across a vast area from Eastern Europe to Siberia and Western China. ... The Gokturks or Kokturks (Gök-Turks or Kök-Turks, with the meaning Celestial Turks), known as Tujue (突厥 tu2 jue2) in medieval Chinese sources, established the first known Turkic state around 552 under the leadership of Bumin/Tuman Khan/Khaghan (died 552) and his sons, and expanded rapidly to rule... Orhon (or Orkhon) inscriptions are the oldest known Turkic writings, which were erected near the Orhon River between 732 and 735 in honour of two Kokturk princes named Kul and Bilge. ... The Orkhon Script is an alphabet developed by the Kokturks, a Turkic tribespeople, to write the Uighur language from about 715 AD to about 800 AD, when it was replaced by the Uighur Alphabet. ...
Old Turkic is closely related to the ancient Uyghur language. It is the ancestor of the Western Turkic languages, which include both the Oghuz and Kypchak groups. Uyghurs (also called Uighurs, Uygurs, or Uigurs) ( Simplified Chinese: 维吾尔; Traditional Chinese: 維吾爾; pinyin: ) are a Turkic ethnic group of people living in northwestern China (mainly in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, where they are the dominant ethnic group together with Han people), Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. ... For all Turkic groupings and Turkic history, see Turkic peoples. ... Cuman language was a Turkic language spoken by the Cumans similar to todays Crimean Tatar language. ...
The Turkic languages are a subdivision of the Altaic language group, and are one of the most geographically widespread in the world, being spoken in a vast region spanning from Europe to Siberia.
In the earliest Turkic dictionary extant, the eponymous hero of the Turks, Alp Er Tunga, is identified with the character Afrasiyab ("Frangasyan" in the Avesta) in Persian literature.
Turkic soldiers in the army of the Abbasid caliphs emerged as the de facto rulers of most of the Muslim Middle East (apart from Syria and Egypt), particularly after the 10th century.
The Turkic language spoken by the Göktürks and used on the Orkhon inscriptions.
The earliest linguistic records are OldTurkic inscriptions, found near the Orhon River in Mongolia and the Yenisey River valley in south-central Russia, which date from the 8th century AD.
OldTurkic is closely related to the ancient Uyghur language, and also some Siberian Turkic languages like the Chulym language.
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