NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Olfactory bulb

The olfactory bulb is a structure of the vertebrate forebrain involved in olfaction, the perception of odors. Image File history File links 1543,Vesalius'OlfactoryBulbs. ... Andreas Vesalius (portrait from the Fabrica). ... The olfactory tract is a narrow white band, triangular on coronal section, the apex being directed upward. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (677x1025, 173 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Olfactory bulb ... Feral mouse A mouse (plural mice) is a mammal that belongs to one of numerous species of small rodents. ... Mitral cells are neurons that make up a part of the olfactory system. ... In neuroscience, granule cells are tiny cells found within the granular layer of the cerebellum. ... In anatomy, the dorsum is the upper or back side of an animal, as opposed to the ventrum. ... The term lateral can refer to: an anatomical definition of direction. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ... NeuroNames is a system of nomenclature for the brain and related structures. ... Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. ... Elseviers logo. ... Classes and Clades See below Male and female Superb Fairy-wren Vertebrates are members of the subphylum Vertebrata (within the phylum Chordata), specifically, those chordates with backbones or spinal columns. ... In the anatomy of vertebrates, the prosencephalon is a part of encephalon, or brain. ... Olfaction (the sense of smell) is the detection of chemicals dissolved in air. ... Odor receptors on the antennae of a Luna moth An odor is the object of perception of the sense of olfaction. ...

Anatomy

In most vertebrates, the olfactory bulb is the most rostral (forward) part of the brain. In humans, however, the olfactory bulb is on the inferior (bottom) side of the brain. The olfactory bulb is supported and protected by the cribriform plate which in mammals, separates it from the olfactory epithelium, and which is perforated by olfactory nerve axons. The bulb is divided into two distinct structures, the main olfactory bulb, and the accessory olfactory bulb. In zootomy, several terms are used to describe the location of organs and other structures in the body of bilateral animals. ... The anatomical planes The anatomical position is a schematic convention for describing the relative morphology of the human body. ... Your skull is in your back (this is obviously not true, I was just testing the website to see if it really works) The ethmoid bone (os ethmoidale) is a bone in the skull that separates the nasal cavity from the brain. ... The olfactory epithelium is a specialized epithelial tissue inside the nasal cavity that is involved in smell. ... The olfactory nerve is the first of twelve cranial nerves. ...

Main olfactory bulb

The main olfactory bulb has a multi-layered cellular architecture. In order from the surface to the center of the bulb the layers are

The glomerular layer receives direct input from olfactory nerves, made up of the axons from approximately ten million olfactory receptor neurons in the olfactory mucosa, a region of the nasal cavity. The ends of the axons cluster in spherical structures known as glomeruli such that each glomerulus receives input primarily from olfactory receptor neurons that express the same olfactory receptor. Glomeruli are also permeated by dendrites from neurons called mitral cells, which in turn output to the olfactory cortex. Numerous interneuron types exist in the olfactory bulb including periglomerular cells which synapse within and between glomeruli, and granule cells which synapse with mitral cells. The glomerulus (plural glomeruli) in olfaction is structure in the olfactory bulb. ... Mitral cells are neurons that make up a part of the olfactory system. ... In neuroscience, granule cells are tiny cells found within the granular layer of the cerebellum. ... An olfactory receptor neuron, also called an olfactory sensory neuron, is the primary transduction cell for olfaction in the olfactory system. ... The olfactory mucosa is an organ made up of the olfactory epithelium and the mucosa, or mucus secreting glands, behind the epithelium. ... The nasal cavity (or nasal fossa) is a large air-filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face. ... The glomerulus (plural glomeruli) in olfaction is structure in the olfactory bulb. ... Olfactory receptors are a type of G protein-coupled receptor in olfactory receptor neurons. ... Mitral cells are neurons that make up a part of the olfactory system. ... In anatomy of animals, the piriform cortex, or pyriform cortex is a region in the brain. ...

Accessory olfactory bulb

The accessory olfactory bulb, which resides on the dorsal-posterior region of the main olfactory bulb, forms a parallel pathway independent from the main olfactory bulb. It receives axonal input from the vomeronasal organ, a distinct sensory epithelium from the main olfactory epithelium that detects pheremones, among other chemical stimuli. Like the main olfactory bulb, axonal input to the accessory olfactory bulb forms synapses with mitral cells within glomeruli. However, mitral cells in the accessory olfactory bulb project their axons to targets in the amygdala and hypothalamus where they may influence aggressive and mating behavior. The vomeronasal organ (VNO) or Jacobsons organ (sometimes misspelled Jacobsens) is an auxiliary olfactory sense organ in some vertebrates, all of which are tetrapods. ... The olfactory epithelium is a specialized epithelial tissue inside the nasal cavity that is involved in smell. ... Fanning honeybee exposes Nasonov gland (white-at tip of abdomen) releasing pheromone to entice swarm into an empty hive A pheromone is any chemical produced by a living organism that transmits a message to other members of the same species. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The hypothalamus (from Greek á½‘Ï€Î¿Î¸Î±Î»Î±Î¼Î¿Ï‚ = under the thalamus) is a region of the mammalian brain located below the thalamus, forming the major portion of the ventral region of the diencephalon and functioning to regulate certain metabolic processes and other autonomic activities. ...

Function

The olfactory bulb has one source of sensory input (axons from olfactory receptor neurons of the olfactory epithelium), and one output (mitral cell axons). As a result, it is generally assumed that it functions as a filter, as opposed to an associative circuit that has many inputs and many outputs. However, the olfactory bulb also receives "top-down" information from such brain areas as the amygdala, neocortex, hippocampus, locus coeruleus, and substantia niagra. With this in mind, its potential functions can be placed into four non-exclusive categories: Image File history File links Gray858. ... Image File history File links Gray858. ... Television signal splitter consisting of a hi-pass and a low-pass filter. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The neocortex (Latin for new bark or new rind) is a part of the brain of mammals. ... The hippocampus is located in the medial temporal lobe of the brain. ... The Locus ceruleus, also spelled locus coeruleus, (Latin for the blue bit) is a nucleus in the brain stem apparently responsible for the physiological reactions involved in stress and panic. ... The substantia nigra, (Latin for black substance, Soemering) or locus niger is a heterogeneous portion of the midbrain, separating the pes (foot) from the tegmentum (covering), and a major element of the basal ganglia system. ...

While all of these functions could theoretically arise from the olfactory bulb's circuit layout, it is unclear which, if any, of these functions are performed exclusively by the olfactory bulb. By analogy to similar parts of the brain such as the retina, many researchers have focused on how the olfactory bulb filters incoming information from receptor neurons in space, or how it filters incoming information in time. At the core of these proposed filters are the two classes of interneurons; the periglomerular cells, and the granule cells. Human eye cross-sectional view. ...

Mitral cells are connected by interneurons known as granule cells, which by some theories produce lateral inhibition between mitral cells. It is not clear what the functional role of lateral inhibition would be, though it may be involved in boosting the signal-to-noise ratio of odor signals by silencing the basal firing rate of surrounding non-activated neurons. The synapse between mitral and granule cells is of a rare class of synapses that are "dendro-dendritic" which means that both sides of the synapse are dendrites that release neurotransmitter. In this specific case, mitral cells release the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, and granule cells release the inhibitory neurotransmitter Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). As a result of its bi-directionality, the dendro-dendritic synapse can cause mitral cells to inhibit themselves (auto-inhibition), as well as neighboring mitral cells (lateral inhibition). To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... In neuroscience, granule cells are tiny cells found within the granular layer of the cerebellum. ... simply; your nose receives messages from the environment sending them to the olfactory centre which is present in the cerebrum the largest part of brain: then you either smell a good smell or a bad smell stink with parts of seconds. ... Glutamate is the anion of glutamic acid. ... Gamma-aminobutyric acid (usually abbreviated to GABA) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter found in the nervous systems of widely divergent species. ...

Evolution

Comparing the structure of the olfactory bulb between species such as the fruit fly (where it is called the antennal lobe), the Leopard Frog and the lab mouse reveals that they all share the same fundamental layout (five layers containing the nuclei of three major cell types, see "Anatomy" for details), despite being dissimilar in shape and size. It is quite possible, however, that function has not been conserved with structure, indicating that olfactory bulbs of distant species may be paralogs of each other. An intriguing alternative possibility states olfactory bulb structure is conserved because it contains an optimal solution to a computational problem experienced by all olfactory systems, and thus may have evolved independently in different species. Binomial name Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830 [1] Drosophila melanogaster (from the Greek for black-bellied dew-lover) is a two-winged insect that belongs to the Diptera, the order of the flies. ... Antennal Lobe is the deutocerebral neuropil of the insect which receive the input from the sensory neurons on the antenna. ... Species Rio Grande Leopard Frog, Plains Leopard Frog, Chiricahua Leopard Frog, Vegas Valley Leopard Frog, Relict Leopard Frog Northern Leopard Frog, Southern Leopard Frog, Ramsey Canyon Leopard Frog, Lowland Leopard Frog, Leopard frogs, which are also called meadow frogs and grass frogs, are a collection of so-called true frogs... Binomial name Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758 Mus musculus is the common house mouse. ... Used to describe two genes which share significant homology within the same species. ...

References

Additional images

External links

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Sensory system: Olfactory system/Olfaction

Olfactory bulb • Olfactory nerve • Olfactory epithelium • Glomeruli • Olfactory mucosa • Olfactory receptor neurons • Mitral cells • Piriform cortex BrainMaps is an NIH-funded interactive zoomable high-resolution digital brain atlas and virtual microscope that is based on more than 10 million megapixels (30 terabytes) of scanned images of serial sections of both primate and non-primate brains and that is integrated with a high-speed database for querying... Elseviers logo. ... This article or section may be confusing for some readers, and should be edited to be clearer or more simplified. ... The olfactory system is the sensory system used for olfaction. ... Olfaction (the sense of smell) is the detection of chemicals dissolved in air. ... The olfactory nerve is the first of twelve cranial nerves. ... The olfactory epithelium is a specialized epithelial tissue inside the nasal cavity that is involved in smell. ... The glomerulus (plural glomeruli) in olfaction is structure in the olfactory bulb. ... The olfactory mucosa is an organ made up of the olfactory epithelium and the mucosa, or mucus secreting glands, behind the epithelium. ... An olfactory receptor neuron, also called an olfactory sensory neuron, is the primary transduction cell for olfaction in the olfactory system. ... Mitral cells are neurons that make up a part of the olfactory system. ... In anatomy of animals, the piriform cortex, or pyriform cortex is a region in the brain. ...

Rhinencephalon • Olfactory tract • Olfactory trigone In animal anatomy, the rhinencephalon is a part of the brain involved with olfaction. ... The olfactory tract is a narrow white band, triangular on coronal section, the apex being directed upward. ... The olfactory trigone is a small triangular area in front of the anterior perforated substance. ...

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Brain: telencephalon (cerebrum, cerebral cortex, cerebral hemispheres)

primary sulci/fissures: medial longitudinal, lateral, central, parietoöccipital, calcarine, cingulate A sketch of the human brain by artist Priyan Weerappuli, imposed upon his sketch of the profile of Michaelangelos David In animals, the brain, or encephalon (Greek for in the head), is the control center of the central nervous system. ... The telencephalon (te-len-seff-a-lon) is the technical name for a large region within the brain which is attributed many functions, which some groups would class as unique features which make humans stand out from other species. ... Location of the cerebral cortex Slice of the cerebral cortex, ca. ... Human brain viewed from above, showing cerebral hemispheres. ... A sulcus (pl. ... The medial longitudinal fissure is the deep groove which separates the two hemispheres of the vertebrate brain. ... Lateral sulcus The lateral sulcus (also called Sylvian fissure or lateral fissure) is one of the most prominent structures of the human brain. ... Central sulcus of the human brain. ... Only a small part of the ParietoÃ¶ccipital Fissure (or parieto-occipital sulcus) is seen on the lateral surface of the hemisphere, its chief part being on the medial surface. ... The calcarine fissure (or calcarine sulcus) is on the medial surface of the hemisphere. ... Categories: Stub | Cerebrum ...

frontal lobe: precentral gyrus (primary motor cortex, 4), precentral sulcus, superior frontal gyrus (6, 8), middle frontal gyrus (46), inferior frontal gyrus (Broca's area, 44-pars opercularis, 45-pars triangularis), prefrontal cortex (orbitofrontal cortex, 9, 10, 11, 12, 47) The frontal lobe is an area in the brain of vertebrates. ... The precentral gyrus (a. ... The primary motor area is a group of networked cells in mammalian brains that controls movements of specific body parts associated with cell groups in that area of the brain. ... Brodmann area 4 of human brain. ... Precentral sulcus of the human brain. ... Superior frontal gyrus of the human brain. ... Categories: Stub | Cerebrum ... // Human Brodmann area 8, or BA8, is part of the frontal cortex in the human brain. ... Middle frontal gyrus of the human brain. ... // Where is it? Brodmann area 46, or BA46, is part of the frontal cortex in the human brain. ... Inferior frontal gyrus of the human brain. ... Brocas area is the section of the human brain (in the opercular and triangular sections of the inferior frontal gyrus of the frontal lobe of the cortex) that is involved in language processing, speech production and comprehension. ... Categories: Stub | Cerebrum ... The Pars Opercularis is part of the inferior frontal gyrus and is part of the mirror neurons. ... Categories: Stub | Cerebrum ... The Pars triangularis is a portion of the inferior frontal gyrus. ... 15:18, 18 December 2006 (UTC)15:18, 18 December 2006 (UTC)~~PT The prefrontal cortex is the anterior part of the frontal lobes of the brain, lying in front of the motor and premotor areas. ... The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a region of association cortex of the human brain involved in cognitive processes such as decision making. ... Categories: Stub | Cerebrum ... Categories: Stub | Cerebrum ... Categories: Stub | Cerebrum ... The term Brodmann area 12 refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. ... Where is it? Brodmann area 47, or BA47, is part of the frontal cortex in the human brain. ...

parietal lobe: postcentral sulcus, postcentral gyrus (1, 2, 3, 43), superior parietal lobule (5), inferior parietal lobule (39-angular gyrus, 40), precuneus (7), intraparietal sulcus The parietal lobe is a lobe in the brain. ... Postcentral sulcus of the human brain. ... The lateral postcentral gyrus is a prominent structure in the parietal lobe of the human brain and an important landmark. ... This page may meet Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... The superior parietal lobule is bounded in front by the upper part of the postcentral sulcus, but is usually connected with the posterior central gyrus above the end of the sulcus; behind it is the lateral part of the parietoÃ¶ccipital fissure, around the end of which it is joined... Brodmann area 5 is part of the parietal cortex in the human brain. ... The inferior parietal lobule (subparietal district or lobule) lies below the horizontal portion of the intraparietal sulcus, and behind the lower part of the postcentral sulcus. ... Categories: Stub | Cerebrum ... The angular gyrus is a region of the brain in the parietal lobe, that lies near the superior edge of the temporal lobe, and immediately posterior to the supramarginal gyrus; it is involved in a number of processes related to language and cognition. ... Brodmann area 40, or BA40, is part of the parietal cortex in the human brain. ... The precuneus is a structure in the brain positioned above the cuneus and located in the parietal lobe. ... Categories: Stub | Cerebrum ... The lateral surface of the parietal lobe is cleft by a well-marked furrow, the intraparietal sulcus of Turner, which consists of an oblique and a horizontal portion. ...

occipital lobe: primary visual cortex (17), cuneus, lingual gyrus, 18, 19 (18 and 19 span whole lobe) The occipital lobe is the visual processing center of the mammalian brain. ... Brodmann area 17 (primary visual cortex) is shown in red in this image which also shows area 18 (orange) and 19 (yellow) The visual cortex refers to the primary visual cortex (also known as striate cortex or V1) and extrastriate visual cortical areas such as V2, V3, V4, and V5. ... Cuneus (Latin for wedge; plural, cunei), the architectural term applied to the wedge-shaped divisions of the Roman theatre separated by the scalae or stairways; see Vitruvius v. ... The lingual gyrus of the occipital lobe lies between the calcarine fissure and the posterior part of the collateral fissure; behind, it reaches the occipital pole; in front, it is continued on to the tentorial surface of the temporal lobe, and joins the hippocampal gyrus. ... Categories: Stub | Cerebrum ... Brodmann area 19 is shown in yellow in this image which also shows ares 17 (red) and 18 (orange) Brodmann area 19, or BA19, is part of the occipital lobe cortex in the human brain. ...

temporal lobe: transverse temporal gyrus (41-42-primary auditory cortex), superior temporal gyrus (38, 22-Wernicke's area), middle temporal gyrus (21), inferior temporal gyrus (20), fusiform gyrus (36, 37) The temporal lobes are part of the cerebrum. ... The transverse temporal gyri (also called Heschls gyri) are found in the area of primary auditory cortex in the superior temporal gyrus of the human brain. ... The primary auditory cortex is the region of the brain that is responsible for processing of auditory (sound) information. ... Superior temporal gyrus of the human brain. ... Categories: Stub | Cerebrum ... On the left side of the brain is an area called Brodmann’s area 22, that help generate and help the understanding of individual words, and on the right side of the brain it helps tell the difference between melody, pitch, and sound intensity. ... Approximate location of Wernickes area highlighted in gray Wernickes area is a part of the human brain that forms part of the cortex, on the left posterior section of the superior temporal gyrus, posterior to the primary auditory cortex, on the central sulcus (part of the brain where... The location in the brain of the middle temporal gyrus Middle temporal gyrus is a gyrus in the brain on the Temporal lobe. ... Categories: Stub | Cerebrum ... Function of Inferior Temporal Gyrus The Inferior Temporal Gyrus, also known as Brocas area, carries out many tasks, and is mainly responsible for its task in phoenetical analysis for reading. ... Categories: Stub | Cerebrum ... Grays Fig. ... This area is known as ectorhinal area 36, and it refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex. ... Categories: Stub | Cerebrum ...

limbic lobe/fornicate gyrus: cingulate cortex/cingulate gyrus, anterior cingulate (24, 32, 33), posterior cingulate (23, 31),
isthmus (26, 29, 30), parahippocampal gyrus (piriform cortex, 25, 27, 35), entorhinal cortex (28, 34) The limbic system is a group of brain structures that are involved in various emotions such as aggression, fear, pleasure and also in the formation of memory. ... The Fornicate Gyrus is connected to the amydala, the mid region of the parietal region of the skull. ... The cingulate cortex is part of the brain and situated roughly in the middle of the cortex. ... Cingulate gyrus is a gyrus in the medial part of the brain. ... Grays FIG. 727â€“ Medial surface of left cerebral hemisphere. ... 24 - ventral anterior cingulate (area cingularis anterior ventralis). ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... This area is known as pregenual area 33, and it refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined cingulate region of cerebral cortex. ... The Cingulum is a collection of nerve fibres following a long, arcuate course superior to and around to posterior to the Corpus callosum. ... Brodmann area 23 (BA23) is a region in the brain corresponding to some portion of the posterior cingulate cortex. ... This area is known as dorsal posterior cingulate area 31, and it refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined cingulate region of cerebral cortex. ... In anatomy, isthmus refers to a constriction between organs. ... This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. ... This area is known as granular retrolimbic area 29, and it refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the retrosplenial region of the cerebral cortex. ... This area is known as agranular retrolimbic area 30, and it refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined retrosplenial region of the cerebral cortex. ... The parahippocampal gyrus (or hippocampal gyrus) is a grey matter cortical region of the brain that surrounds the hippocampus. ... In anatomy of animals, the piriform cortex, or pyriform cortex is a region in the brain. ... // Human Brodmann area 25 (BA25) is an area in the cerebral cortex of the brain and delineated based on its cytoarchitectonic characteristics. ... The term area 27 of Brodmann-1909 refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined cortical area that is a rostral part of the PARAHIPPOCAMPAL GYRUS of the guenon (Brodmann-1909). ... // Human This area is known as perirhinal area 35, and it refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined hippocampal region of the cerebral cortex. ... The entorhinal cortex (EC) is an important memory center in the brain. ... // Guenon The term Brodmann area 28 refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. ... You have new messages. ...

subcortical/insular cortex: rhinencephalon, olfactory bulb, olfactory tract, corpus callosum (splenium, genu, rostrum), lateral ventricles, septum pellucidum, ependyma, internal capsule, corona radiata, external capsule, fornix (commissure of fornix), anterior commissure, posterior commissure The insular cortex (also often referred to as just the insula) is a structure of the human brain. ... In animal anatomy, the rhinencephalon is a part of the brain involved with olfaction. ... The olfactory tract is a narrow white band, triangular on coronal section, the apex being directed upward. ... The corpus callosum is a structure in the mammalian brain that connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres. ... The posterior end of the corpus callosum is the thickest part, and is termed the splenium. ... The anterior end of the corpus callosum is named the genu, and is bent downward and backward in front of the septum pellucidum; diminishing rapidly in thickness, it is prolonged backward under the name of the rostrum, which is connected below with the lamina terminalis. ... The anterior end of the corpus callosum is named the genu, and is bent downward and backward in front of the septum pellucidum; diminishing rapidly in thickness, it is prolonged backward under the name of the rostrum, which is connected below with the lamina terminalis. ... The ventricular system is a fluid conducting system within the brain. ... The septum pellucidum, also called the septum lucidum, is a thin, triangular, vertical membrane that separates the lateral ventricles of the brain. ... Ependyma is the thin epithelial membrane lining the ventricular system of the brain and the spinal cord canal Categories: Anatomy stubs | Physiology ... The internal capsule is an area of white matter in the brain that separates the caudate nucleus and the thalamus from the lenticular nucleus. ... The corona radiata surround an ovum or unfertilized egg cell, and consist of two or three strata (layers) of follicular cells. ... The external capsule is a series of white matter fiber tracts in the brain. ... The fornix is also the name of part of the cervix (fornix vaginae). ... The lateral portions of the body of the fornix are joined by a thin triangular lamina, named the psalterium (lyra). ... The Anterior Commissure (precommissure) is a bundle of white fibers, connecting the two cerebral hemispheres across the middle line, and placed in front of the columns of the fornix. ... The posterior commissure is a rounded band of white fibers crossing the middle line on the dorsal aspect of the upper end of the cerebral aqueduct. ...

hippocampal formation: dentate gyrus, hippocampus, subiculum The location of the hippocampus in the human brain. ... The dentate gyrus is part of the hippocampal formation. ... The hippocampus is located in the medial temporal lobe of the brain. ... The subiculum (Latin for support) is the most inferior component of the hippocampal formation. ...

basal ganglia: striatum (caudate nucleus, putamen), lentiform nucleus (putamen, globus pallidus), claustrum, extreme capsule, amygdala, nucleus accumbens The basal ganglia are a group of nuclei in the brain interconnected with the cerebral cortex, thalamus and brainstem. ... Coronal slices of human brain showing the basal ganglia, globus pallidus: external segment (GPe), subthalamic nucleus (STN), globus pallidus: internal segment (GPi), and substantia nigra (SN). ... Grays Fig. ... The putamen is a structure in the middle of the brain, forming the striatum together with the caudate nucleus. ... The lentiform nucleus or lenticular nucleus describes the putamen and the globus pallidus within the basal ganglia. ... The putamen is a structure in the middle of the brain, forming the striatum together with the caudate nucleus. ... The globus pallidus (Latin for pale body) is a sub-cortical structure in the brain. ... The claustrum is a thin layer of grey matter lying between the extreme capsule and external capsule in the brain. ... The extremem capsule is a series of white matter fiber tracts in the brain. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The nucleus accumbens (also known as the accumbens nucleus or nucleus accumbens septi) is a collection of neurons located where the head of the caudate and the anterior portion of the putamen meet just lateral to the septum pellucidum. ...

Some categorizations are approximations, and some Brodmann areas span gyri.

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