Olivenza/Olivença
Castle of Olivenza
Flag Coat of arms
Location
Coordinates: 38°41′N 7°6′W / 38.683, -7.1
Country	Spain (de facto/claimed de jure), Portugal (claimed de jure)
Autonomous Community (Spain)	Extremadura
Province (Spain)	Badajoz
District (Portugal)	Évora
Government
- Mayor	Manuel Cayado Rodríguez (PSOE)
Area
- Total	750 km² (289.6 sq mi)
Elevation	327 m (1,073 ft)
Population (2005)
- Total	11,512
- Density	27/km² (69.9/sq mi)
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
- Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code	06100
Website: http://www.ayuntamientodeolivenza.com/ (Spanish)

Manueline door of Olivenza town hall

Ruins of 16th century Ajuda bridge over the Guadiana, in the ancient road between Elvas and Olivenza

Part of a 18th century Spanish map, showing Olivenza as part of Portugal

Portuguese insignias in the façade of Olivenza town hall

Portuguese late Gothic style interior of Santa Maria Madalena church

Olivenza (Spanish spelling) or Olivença (Portuguese spelling) is a town and seat of a municipality, on the disputed border of Portugal and Spain, which is claimed de jure by both countries and administered de facto as part of the Spanish autonomous community of Extremadura. The sovereignty over Olivenza is a sensitive matter in the relations between Portugal and Spain. Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (813x889, 158 KB) Escudo de Olivenza (foto hecha en la localidad española de Olivenza, en agosto del 2004). ... De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without... Look up De jure in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up De jure in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Spains fifty provinces (provincias) are grouped into seventeen autonomous communities (comunidades aut nomas), in addition to two African autonomous cities (ciudades aut nomas) (Ceuta and Melilla). ... Capital Mérida Official language(s) Spanish; Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 5th  41,634 km²  8. ... Badajoz is a province of western Spain, in the southern part of the autonomous community of Extremadura. ... Capital Évora Region Alentejo Historical province Alto Alentejo Area 7. ... A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning larger, greater) is the modern title of the highest ranking municipal officer. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... Elevation histogram of the surface of the Earth – approximately 71% of the Earths surface is covered with water. ... This article is about the unit of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... Time zones of Europe: Light colours indicate countries that do not observe summer time Central European Time (CET) is one of the names of the time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. ... Central European Time West Africa Time British Summer Time* Irish Summer Time* Western European Summer Time* Category: ... Although DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... Time zones of Europe: Light colours indicate countries that do not observe summer time Central European Summer Time (CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. ... Eastern European Time Central Africa Time Israel Standard Time South Africa Standard Time Central European Summer Time West Africa Summer Time Category: ... In architecture, manueline is the sumptuous, composite Portuguese style of architectural ornamentation of the first decades of the 16th century, incorporating maritime elements and discoveries brought from the voyages of Vasco da Gama and Pedro Álvares Cabral. ... Guadiana (Latin Anas, Spanish Guadiana, Portuguese Guadiana) - one of the major rivers of Spain, part of it is the border with Portugal, ends in the Atlantic Ocean. ... Location    - Country Portugal    - Region {{{Region}}}  - Subregion {{{Subregion}}}  - District or A.R. Portalegre Mayor José Almeida  - Party PS Area 631. ... Look up De jure in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without... Autonomous communities of Spain. ... Capital Mérida Official language(s) Spanish; Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 5th  41,634 km²  8. ... “Sovereign” redirects here. ...

The Municipality of Olivenza was continuously under Portuguese sovereignty between 1297 and 1801 when it was ceded to Spain under the Treaty of Badajoz. Spain has since administered the territory (now split into two municipalities, Olivenza and Táliga), whilst Portugal invokes the self-revocation of the Treaty of Badajoz, plus the Treaty of Vienna of 1815, to claim the return of the territory. Nevertheless, diplomatic relations between the two countries have not been strained by this issue. Events 8 January - Monaco gains independence. ... The Union Jack, flag of the newly formed United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ... The War of the Oranges was a brief conflict in 1801 in which France and Spain fought against Portugal. ... Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Táliga (Spanish) Spanish name Táliga Postal code 06133 Administration Country Autonomous Community Extremadura Province Badajoz Comarca [[|Los Llanos de Olivenza]] Mayor Inmaculada Bonilla Martínez (PSOE) Geography Land Area 31. ... The Congress of Vienna by Jean-Baptiste Isabey, 1819. ... April 5-12: Mount Tambora explodes, changing climate. ...

Geography

Olivenza is located on the left (East) bank of the Guadiana river, at an equal distance of 24 km south of Elvas in Portugal and Badajoz in Spain. The territory is triangular, with a smaller side resting on the Guadiana and the opposite vertex entering south-east and surrounded by Spanish territory. By agreement between Spain and Portugal, the left bank of the river (to a non-defined width, though) sets de facto border in that area. Guadiana (Latin Anas, Spanish Guadiana, Portuguese Guadiana) - one of the major rivers of Spain, part of it is the border with Portugal, ends in the Atlantic Ocean. ... Location    - Country Portugal    - Region {{{Region}}}  - Subregion {{{Subregion}}}  - District or A.R. Portalegre Mayor José Almeida  - Party PS Area 631. ... Location Badajoz, Spain location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Badajoz (Spanish) Spanish name Badajoz Founded 875 Area code 34 (Spain) + 924 (Badajoz) Website http://www. ... De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without...

Besides the town, the municipality of Olivenza includes six villages: San Francisco, San Rafael, Villarreal, Santo Domingo de Guzmán, San Benito de la Contienda, and San Jorge de Alor (Portuguese: São Francisco, São Rafael, Vila Real, São Domingos de Gusmão, São Bento da Contenda, and São Jorge da Lor). Another village, Táliga, was detached to become the seat of a separate municipality in 1850.

Total population is 10,762 (2002), of which 8,274 in Olivenza. The total area is 750 km². Like the surrounding regions, population density is low, at 11 inhabitants per km².

Some monuments include the Saint Mary of the Castle Church (Spanish: Iglesia de Santa María del Castillo, Portuguese: Igreja de Santa Maria do Castelo), Holy Ghost Chapel (Capilla del Espíritu Santo, Capela do Espírito Santo), Saint Mary Magdalene Church (Iglesia de Santa María Magdalena, Igreja de Santa Maria Madalena, considered a masterwork of Portuguese Manueline architecture), Saint John of God Monastery (Monasterio de San Juan de Dios, Mosteiro de São João de Deus), the keep (torre del homenaje, torre de menagem), and the ruins of the Our Lady of Help Bridge (Puente de Nuestra Señora de Ayuda, Ponte de Nossa Senhora da Ajuda, destroyed in 1709 and never rebuilt). In architecture, manueline is the sumptuous, composite Portuguese style of architectural ornamentation of the first decades of the 16th century, incorporating maritime elements and discoveries brought from the voyages of Vasco da Gama and Pedro Álvares Cabral. ...

There are still traces of Portuguese culture and language in the people, although the younger generations speak Spanish only^{[citation needed]}. Famous people born in Olivenza include Cardinal Pedro da Fonseca (?-after 1419) and music composer Vicente Lusitano (?-after 1561). Pedro da Fonseca (14/15th centuries) was a Portuguese Cardinal, born in Olivença, then in Portugal, but since the 19th century annexed by Spain. ... Vicente Lusitano was a 16th century Portuguese music composer and theorist. ...

Chronology

This article does not cite any references or sources. (December 2007) Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed.

• 1170 - Olivenza region falls for the first time in Portuguese hands during the conquests of Afonso Henriques, the first king of Portugal.
• 1189 - Muslims retake the region.
• 1230 - The Olivenza area (as part of the Badajoz surroundings) is taken from the Muslims by the Knights Templar.
• 1259 - The Temple Knights create an encomienda, origin of the town of Olivenza.
• 1278 - Olivenza and the surrounding area is granted by King Alfonso X of Castile to the Bishopric and Council of Badajoz.
• 1297 - Taking advantage of the critical situation created in Castile after the death of King Sancho IV, King Denis of Portugal forces Regent Maria de Molina to sign the Treaty of Alcanizes and cede, amongst other possessions, Campo Maior and Olivenza.
• 1298 - King Denis of Portugal grants Olivenza a foral (charter), and new city walls are built.
• 1510 - King Manuel I of Portugal renews the town charter and orders the building of fortifications and the Olivenza Bridge (Ponte de Olivença, later known as Ponte de Nossa Senhora da Ajuda (Our Lady of Help Bridge) or, simply as Ajuda bridge), on the road to Elvas. Construction of Santa Maria Madalena Church begins. This church would be the residence of the Bishop of Ceuta for many years.
• 1668 - Treaty of Lisbon between Spain and Portugal reaffirms the borders defined in the Treaty of Alcanizes of 1297.
• 1709 - During the War of the Spanish Succession, the Olivenza Bridge is destroyed by Spanish forces. Its ruins remain until today.
• 1801
  • January 29, 1801 - France, allied to Spain, demands Portugal, British ally since the Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1373, to enter into an alliance with France in the war against Britain. Portugal refuses.
  • February 27, 1801 - The brief War of the Oranges begins, with the French troops marching on Portugal, later followed by Spanish troops.
  • May 19, 1801 - Spanish troops enter Olivenza, Juromenha and, a few days later, Campo Maior.
  • June 6, 1801 - The Peace of Badajoz treaty (or Treaty of Badajoz) is signed between France, Spain and Portugal. Under the terms of this treaty, Portugal cedes Olivenza on a 'perpetual' basis to Spain. The peace treaty also stipulates that the breach of any of its articles leads to its cancellation.
  • September 29, 1801 - The treaty is signed again, this time in Madrid, as France had not ratified the first one in due time.
• 1805
  • January 26, 1805 - Forbidden the use of Portuguese currency in Olivenza.
  • February 20, 1805 - Law suppressing the teaching in Portuguese.
  • August 14, 1805 - Adoption of the Spanish language in the city hall documents.
• 1807
  • November - French and Spanish troops again march over Portugal, in the Peninsular War.
• 1808
  • John, Prince Regent of Portugal, repudiates the Treaty of Badajoz claiming that the ongoing war abrogated the peace terms of the treaty.
• July 1809 - Portugal presents to the Junta Central, in Seville, an official order of restitution of the territory of Olivenza.
• 1810
  • February 19, 1810 - Treaty of alliance and friendship between Portugal and Britain, whereby Great Britain pledges to help Portugal to regain possession of Olivenza, in turn receiving the exploration of the Portuguese establishments of Bissau and Cacheu for a period of 50 years.
  • Portugal starts negotiating a treaty with the Regency Counsel of Spain, whereby Olivenza should be given back to Portugal.
• April 15, 1811 - Portuguese military forces occupy Olivença. Beresford, a British marshall with the rank of Head General of the Portuguese Army, demands the restitution of Olivenza from the Spanish authorities.
• May 30, 1814 - The Treaty of Paris between France and Portugal declares the 1801 treaties of Badajoz and Madrid null and void. Spain is not a part of this agreement.
• 1813
  • May 19, 1813 - The remaining Portuguese language private schools are closed by the Spanish authorities.
• 1815
  • June 9, 1815 - The Portuguese delegation to the Congress of Vienna, led by Pedro de Sousa Holstein, succeeds in including article 105 in the Final Act (aka the Treaty of Vienna), stating that the winning countries are to endeavour with the mightiest conciliatory effort to return Olivenza to Portuguese authority. The Spanish representative to the Congress, Pedro Gomes Labrador, refuses to sign the Treaty, registering a protest against several of the Congress resolutions, including article 105.
  • October 27, 1815 - Expecting the quick restitution of Olivenza, Prince Regent John nominates José Luiz de Sousa as Plenipotentiary.
• May 7, 1817 - Spain finally signs the Treaty of Vienna, since, in the Spanish interpretation, the text is not mandatory on demanding Spain to return Olivenza to Portugal.
• 1820
  • November 7, 1820 - Spanish authorities forbade the use of private teaching in Portuguese.
• 1821 - Portugal annexes Uruguay. In reaction, Spain withdraws from the Olivenza talks.
• 1840 - The Portuguese language is forbidden in the territory of Olivenza, including inside churches.
• 1850 - The village of Táliga is separated to form its own municipality.
• 1858 - Isabel II of Spain grants the title of City (Ciudad) to Olivenza.
• September 29, 1864 - The Treaty of Lisbon (1864) between Portugal and Spain is signed, demarcating the border from the estuary of the Minho river, on the far North, to the confluence of the Caya river with the Guadiana river, just north of Olivenza. The demarcation of the border is not pursued further because of the situation of Olivenza.
• 1918/1919 - With the end of World War I, the Portuguese government studies the possibility of taking the situation of Olivenza to the Paris Peace Conference. However, as Spain had not participated in the War, the intervention of the international community in this issue is not possible.
• June 29, 1926 - Portugal and Spain sign an agreement demarcating the border from the confluence of the Cuncos river with the Guadiana, just south of Olivenza, to the estuary of the Guadiana, on the far South. The border between Portugal and Spain from the confluence of the Caya river to the confluence of the Cuncos is not demarcated and remains so nowadays, with the Guadiana being the de facto border.
• 1936–1939 - During the Spanish Civil War, Portuguese Colonel Rodrigo Pereira Botelho volunteers to occupy Olivenza. The 8th Portuguese Regiment, stationed in nearby Elvas, prepares to take Olivenza but is ordered not to.
• August 15, 1938 - The Pro-Olivenza Society (Sociedade Pró-Olivença) is founded, the first of a number of pressure groups established to advance the cause of Olivenza in Portugal.
• 1952 - In an International Commission on Limits, Portugal claims ownership of the territory of Olivenza but the claim is rejected.
• 1954 - Oliventine children are no longer allowed to take free holidays in the Portuguese seaside resort "Colónia Balnear Infantil d'O Século", managed by a newspaper owned charity.
• January 24, 1967 - The Portuguese government declares the Olivenza Bridge a National Heritage Monument.
• 1968 - A covenant between Portugal and Spain on exploitation of hydraulic resources in the frontier rivers is signed. All frontier rivers (including the non-demarcated section in the Guadiana river, distributing the hydraulic exploitation between both countries. The hydraulic exploitation of the non-demarcated section in the Guadiana river is assigned to Portugal (in the same way as the rights on hydraulic exploitation over other frontier rivers are assigned either to Portugal or to Spain). The only difference between this section and the rest is that the term "international" is omitted (all the sections are named "international section" but the non-demarcated one in the Guadiana river).^[1]
• 1981 - Former prime-minister of Portugal, Admiral Pinheiro de Azevedo publishes a book on Olivenza and visits the town, leading Spain to send a contingent of the Civil Guard (Guardia Civil) to prevent any confrontation.
• 1990 - In an Iberian Summit, the prime ministers of Portugal and Spain sign a covenant for the joint effort to preserve the Olivenza Bridge, as well as the construction of a new bridge alongside it, also as a joint effort.
• 1994, November - After internal criticism that the agreement of 1990 would mean the recognition of the de facto border by the government of Portugal, the agreement is modified in another Iberian Summit. Portugal is now in full charge of constructing the new bridge and preserving the old bridge, therefore not putting the Portuguese claim to the territory of Olivenza at stake.
• March 1995 - The Portuguese government sends its Spanish counterpart a study on the effects of the construction of the Alqueva Dam on Spanish territory. Information on Olivenza is not included. Later, Portugal sends further information, including data on Olivenza, under the title "Territory of Spain and Olivenza".
• October 1999 - The Spanish police stop preservation works being undertaken by the Portuguese on the old Olivenza Bridge on the left bank (Spanish side) of the Guadiana river. The Portuguese had been working on that side of the bridge without Spanish permits assuming that the left bank-side of the Guadiana river belonged to Portugal, according to the 1968 covenant. In subsequent events, a Portuguese court order prevents Spain from taking over the works.
• November 11, 2000 - The new Olivenza Bridge, constructed by Portugal, is inaugurated.
• 2003 - Spain restarts work on the old bridge, under protest from the Portuguese government.
• 2004
  • June 25, 2004 - The Portuguese parliament raises the issue of Olivenza and exhorts the Minister of Foreign Affairs to try to solve the question, in a friendly and cooperative way, with Spain and the people of Olivenza, within the European Union.
  • September 2004 - The Government of the Region of Extremadura declares the old Olivenza Bridge a Regional Heritage Monument.
• 2007 - Guillermo Fernandez Vara, who was born in Olivenza, is elected president of Extremadura.

Image File history File links Question_book-3. ... Location Badajoz, Spain location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Badajoz (Spanish) Spanish name Badajoz Founded 875 Area code 34 (Spain) + 924 (Badajoz) Website http://www. ... For other uses, see Knights Templar (disambiguation). ... The encomienda[1] system was a trusteeship labor system employed by the Spanish crown during the Spanish colonization of the Americas and the Philippines in order to consolidate their conquests. ... Alfonso X and his court. ... The starting point of Crown of Castile can be considered when the union of the Kingdoms of Castile and Leon in 1230 or the later fusion of their Cortes (their Parlaments). ... Statue of Sancho IV of Castile and León Sancho IV the Brave (1257/58 – April 25, 1295) was a king of Castile and León (1284 - 1295). ... Dinis of Portugal (in archaic Portuguese Diniz; in English Denis), the Farmer (Port. ... Campo Maior is a town and municipality in the Alentejo region, Portalegre district, Portugal. ... Dinis of Portugal (in archaic Portuguese Diniz; in English Denis), the Farmer (Port. ... Fuero (Spanish) is a Spanish legal term and concept. ... Manuel I of Portugal (pron. ... Fortifications (Latin fortis, strong, and facere, to make) are military constructions designed for defensive warfare. ... Location    - Country Portugal    - Region {{{Region}}}  - Subregion {{{Subregion}}}  - District or A.R. Portalegre Mayor José Almeida  - Party PS Area 631. ... The Treaty of Lisbon was signed on February 13, 1668 between Afonso VI of Portugal and Carlos II of Spain, by mediation of Charles II of England. ... Combatants Habsburg Empire England (1701-6) Great Britain (1707-14)[1] Dutch Republic Kingdom of Portugal Crown of Aragon Duchy of Savoy [2] Kingdom of France Kingdom of Spain Electorate of Bavaria Hungarian Rebels [3] Commanders Eugene of Savoy Margrave of Baden Count Starhemberg Duke of Marlborough Marquis de Ruvigny... is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Union Jack, flag of the newly formed United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ... The Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1373 was signed between King Edward III of England and King Ferdinand and Queen Eleanor of Portugal. ... is the 58th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Union Jack, flag of the newly formed United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ... The War of the Oranges was a brief conflict in 1801 in which France and Spain fought against Portugal. ... is the 139th day of the year (140th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Union Jack, flag of the newly formed United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ... Juromenha is a town in southeastern Portugal, near the border with Spain. ... Campo Maior is a town and municipality in the Alentejo region, Portalegre district, Portugal. ... is the 157th day of the year (158th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Union Jack, flag of the newly formed United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ... is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Union Jack, flag of the newly formed United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ... is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Thomas Jefferson. ... is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Thomas Jefferson. ... is the 226th day of the year (227th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Thomas Jefferson. ... For the 1862 American Civil War campaign, see Peninsula Campaign. ... John VI, King of Portugal (13 May 1767 – 26 March 1826) KG KGF (Portuguese João, pron. ... For other uses, see Seville (disambiguation). ... [[Media:Italic text]]{| style=float:right; |- | |- | |} is the 50th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1810 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Bissau, estimated population 355,000 (2004), is the capital of Guinea-Bissau. ... Cacheu is a town in north western Guinea-Bissau, lying on the Cacheu River. ... is the 105th day of the year (106th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the US Federal Agent designation, see Special agent. ... William Carr Beresford, 1st Viscount Beresford (October 2, 1768 – January 8, 1854), British soldier and politician. ... is the 150th day of the year (151st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1814 (MDCCCXIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... is the 139th day of the year (140th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1813 (MDCCCXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 160th day of the year (161st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... April 5-12: Mount Tambora explodes, changing climate. ... The Congress of Vienna by Jean-Baptiste Isabey, 1819. ... Pedro de Sousa Holstein, Count, Marquess and Duke of Palmela, Duke of Faial (1781-1850) was a Portuguese diplomat and statesman who served as Prime Minister. ... The Congress of Vienna. ... is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... April 5-12: Mount Tambora explodes, changing climate. ... John VI, King of Portugal (13 May 1767 – 26 March 1826) KG KGF (Portuguese João, pron. ... The term plenipotentiary (from the Latin, plenus + potens, full + power) refers to, as a noun, a person who has, or as an adjective that confers, full powers. ... is the 127th day of the year (128th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1817 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... is the 311th day of the year (312th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Portuguese (  or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain) and northern Portugal from the Latin spoken by romanized Celtiberians about 1000 years ago. ... Isabella II (October 10, 1830 – 1904), Isabel II in Spanish, was queen of Spain. ... is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... Guadiana (Latin Anas, Spanish Guadiana, Portuguese Guadiana) - one of the major rivers of Spain, part of it is the border with Portugal, ends in the Atlantic Ocean. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Paris 1919 redirects here. ... is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Not to be confused with the Spanish Civil War of 1820-1823. ... Location    - Country Portugal    - Region {{{Region}}}  - Subregion {{{Subregion}}}  - District or A.R. Portalegre Mayor José Almeida  - Party PS Area 631. ... is the 227th day of the year (228th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 24th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. ... José Baptista Pinheiro de Azevedo (1917-1983) was a Portuguese vice-admiral and prime-minister, from 1975 to 1976. ... The Alqueva is a site in the Alentejo region, in Portugal, where a huge project in the Guadiana river intended to create a complex infrastructure, which includes a dam, hydroelectric power production, irrigation systems to a large arable land area, and formation of an extensive reservoir, forming a lake where... is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... is the 176th day of the year (177th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Capital Mérida Official language(s) Spanish; Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 5th  41,634 km²  8. ... Capital Mérida Official language(s) Spanish; Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 5th  41,634 km²  8. ...

Claims of sovereignty

Olivenza had been under continuous Portuguese sovereignty since 1297 when it was occupied by the Spanish in 1801 and formally ceded by Portugal later that year by the Treaty of Badajoz. Events 8 January - Monaco gains independence. ... The Union Jack, flag of the newly formed United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ... The War of the Oranges was a brief conflict in 1801 in which France and Spain fought against Portugal. ...

Spain claims the de jure sovereignty over Olivenza on the grounds that the Treaty of Badajoz still stands and has never been revoked. Thus, the border between the two countries in the region of Olivenza should be as demarcated by that treaty. Look up De jure in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Portugal claims the de jure sovereignty over Olivenza on the grounds that the Treaty of Badajoz was revoked by its own terms (the breach of any of its articles would lead to its cancellation) when Spain invaded Portugal in the Peninsular War of 1807. For the 1862 American Civil War campaign, see Peninsula Campaign. ...

Portugal further bases its case on Article 105 of the Treaty of Vienna of 1815, which Spain signed in 1817, that states that the winning countries are to "endeavour with the mightiest conciliatory effort to return Olivenza to Portuguese authority". Thus, the border between the two countries in the region of Olivenza should be as demarcated by the Treaty of Alcanizes of 1297. The Congress of Vienna by Jean-Baptiste Isabey, 1819. ...

Spain interprets Article 105 as not being mandatory on demanding Spain to return Olivenza to Portugal, thus not revoking the Treaty of Badajoz.

Portugal has never made a formal claim to the territory after the Treaty of Vienna, but has equally never directly acknowledged the Spanish sovereignty over Olivenza.

There is no research on the opinion of the inhabitants of Olivenza about their status. Spanish public opinion is not generally aware of the Portuguese claim on Olivenza (in contrast to the Spanish claim on Gibraltar or the Moroccan claims on Ceuta, Melilla and the Plazas de soberanía). On the other hand, awareness in Portugal has been increasing under the efforts of pressure groups to have the question raised and debated in public.^{[citation needed]} Capital Ceuta City Official language(s) Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked  28 km²   Population  â€“ Total (2006)  â€“ % of Spain  â€“ Density Ranked  75,861    2,709. ... Capital Official language(s) Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked  20 km²   Population  â€“ Total (2006)  â€“ % of Spain  â€“ Density Ranked  66,871    3,343. ... The Plazas de Soberanía. ...

References

See also

• Disputed status of Gibraltar
• Iberian Federalism

Gibraltar is a British overseas territory on the southern tip of the Iberian peninsula subject to a disputed irredentist claim by Spain. ... Iberist flag, mixing the colors of the old flag of Portugal and the Spanish flag Iberic Federalism or Pan-Iberism was an ideology from the beginning of the 20th century purporting the federation of both great countries in the Iberian Peninsula: Portugal and Spain. ...

External links

• (English) CIA World Factbook reference to Olivenza in the "Disputes - international" section on the Spain page
• (Spanish) Olivenza in the official website of the Province of Badajoz
• (Spanish) Olivenza in the official website for Tourism in the Region of Extremadura
• (English) Website for Portuguese pressure group "Group of Friends of Olivenza"
• (English) images of Olivenza and its municipality

Coordinates: 38°41.00196′N, 7°05.83008′W Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

v • d • e Municipalities in Badajoz

Acedera · Aceuchal · Ahillones · Alange · Alburquerque · Alconchel · Alconera · Aljucén · Almendral · Almendralejo · Arroyo de San Serván · Atalaya · Azuaga · Badajoz · Barcarrota · Baterno · Benquerencia de la Serena · Berlanga · Bienvenida · Bodonal de la Sierra · Burguillos del Cerro · Cabeza del Buey · Cabeza la Vaca · Calamonte · Calera de León · Calzadilla de los Barros · Campanario · Campillo de Llerena · Capilla · Carmonita · Casas de Don Pedro · Casas de Reina · Castilblanco · Castuera · Cheles · Cordobilla de Lácara · Corte de Peleas · Don Benito · Don Álvaro · El Carrascalejo · Entrín Bajo · Esparragalejo · Esparragosa de Lares · Esparragosa de la Serena · Feria · Fregenal de la Sierra · Fuenlabrada de los Montes · Fuente de Cantos · Fuente del Arco · Fuente del Maestre · Fuentes de León · Garbayuela · Garlitos · Granja de Torrehermosa · Guareña · Helechosa de los Montes · Herrera del Duque · Higuera de Llerena · Higuera de Vargas · Higuera de la Serena · Higuera la Real · Hinojosa del Valle · Hornachos · Jerez de los Caballeros · La Albuera · La Codosera · La Coronada · La Garrovilla · La Haba · La Lapa · La Morera · La Nava de Santiago · La Parra · La Roca de la Sierra · La Zarza · Llera · Llerena · Lobón · Los Santos de Maimona · Magacela · Maguilla · Malcocinado · Malpartida de la Serena · Manchita · Medellín · Medina de las Torres · Mengabril · Mérida · Mirandilla · Monesterio · Montemolín · Monterrubio de la Serena · Montijo · Navalvillar de Pela · Nogales · Oliva de Mérida · Oliva de la Frontera · Olivenza (de facto/claimed de jure) · Orellana de la Sierra · Orellana la Vieja · Palomas · Peñalsordo · Peraleda del Zaucejo · Puebla de Alcocer · Puebla de Obando · Puebla de Sancho Pérez · Puebla de la Calzada · Puebla de la Reina · Puebla del Maestre · Puebla del Prior · Pueblonuevo del Guadiana · Quintana de la Serena · Reina · Rena · Retamal de Llerena · Ribera del Fresno · Risco · Salvaleón · Salvatierra de los Barros · San Pedro de Mérida · San Vicente de Alcántara · Sancti-Spíritus · Santa Amalia · Santa Marta · Segura de León · Siruela · Solana de los Barros · Talarrubias · Talavera la Real · Táliga (de facto/claimed de jure) · Tamurejo · Torre de Miguel Sesmero · Torremayor · Torremejía · Trasierra · Trujillanos · Usagre · Valdecaballeros · Valdelacalzada · Valdetorres · Valencia de las Torres · Valencia del Mombuey · Valencia del Ventoso · Valle de Matamoros · Valle de Santa Ana · Valle de la Serena · Valverde de Burguillos · Valverde de Leganés · Valverde de Llerena · Valverde de Mérida · Villafranca de los Barros · Villagarcía de la Torre · Villagonzalo · Villalba de los Barros · Villanueva de la Serena · Villanueva del Fresno · Villar de Rena · Villar del Rey · Villarta de los Montes · Zafra · Zahínos · Zalamea de la Serena · Zarza-Capilla

v • d • e Municipalities of the District of Évora
Alandroal · Arraiolos · Borba · Estremoz · Évora · Montemor-o-Novo · Mora · Mourão · Olivença (de facto in Spain) Portel Redondo · Reguengos de Monsaraz · Vendas Novas · Viana do Alentejo · Vila Viçosa