NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Olympia, Greece

Coordinates: 37°38′N, 21°37′E Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

Olympia (Greek: Ολυμπία Olympí'a or Ολύμπια Olýmpia, older transliterations, Olimpia, Olimbia), a sanctuary of ancient Greece in Elis, is known for having been the site of the Olympic Games in classical times, comparable in importance to the Pythian Games held in Delphi. Both games were held every Olympiad (i.e. every four years), the Olympic Games dating back possibly further than 776 BC. In 394 emperor Theodosius I abolished them because they were reminiscent of paganism. Elis, or Eleia (Greek, Modern: Î‰Î»Î¹Î´Î± Ilida, Ancient/Katharevousa: Î‰Î»Î¹Ï‚, also Ilis, Doric: Î†Î»Î¹Ï‚) is an ancient district within the modern prefecture of Ilia. ... The five Olympic rings were designed in 1913, adopted in 1914 and debuted at the Games at Antwerp, 1920. ... View of the stadium of the Delphi sanctuary, used for the Pythian Games. ... Delphi (Greek Î”ÎµÎ»Ï†Î¿Î¯, [Ã°eÌžlËˆfi]) is an archaeological site and a modern town in Greece on the south-western spur of Mount Parnassus in a valley of Phocis. ... An Olympiad is a period of four years, associated with the Olympic Games. ... The five Olympic rings were designed in 1913, adopted in 1914 and debuted at the Games at Antwerp, 1920. ... Centuries: 9th century BC - 8th century BC - 7th century BC Decades: 820s BC 810s BC 800s BC 790s BC 780s BC - 770s BC - 760s BC 750s BC 740s BC 730s BC 720s BC Events and Trends 778 BC - Agamestor, King of Athens dies after a reign of 17 years and... Events September 6 - Battle of the Frigidus: The christian Roman Emperor Theodosius I defeats and kills the pagan usurper Eugenius and his Frankish magister militum Arbogast. ... An engraving depicting what Theodosius may have looked like, ca. ... Heathen redirects here. ...

Ancient Site

The sanctuary, known as the Altis, consists of an unordered arrangement of various buildings. Enclosed within the temenos are the Temple of Hera (or Heraion/Heraeum) and Temple of Zeus, the Pelopion and the area of the altar, where the sacrifices were made. The hippodrome and later stadium were also to the east. Ajax prepares to violate the sanctuary of Athena by abducting Cassandra by force: red-figure vase, c. ... Altis was a location in what is today Peloponnese, Greece, on a little plain in the Elis Prefecture, on the right shore of the Alfeios River near the city of Pyrgos, around 18 kilometers away from the Ionian Sea and at the foot of Mount Cronion. ... Greek Temenos ([1], from the Greek verb to cut) (plural = temene) is a piece of land cut off and assigned as an official domain, especially to kings and chiefs, or a piece of land marked off from common uses and dedicated to a god, a sanctuary, holy grove or holy... The remains of the Temple of Hera, Olympia The Heraeum, or Temple of Hera at Olympia, is thought to be the oldest known example of Doric architecture. ... A fanciful reconstruction of Phidias statue of Zeus, in an engraving made by Philippe Galle in 1572, from a drawing by Maarten van Heemskerck The Statue of Zeus at Olympia is one of the classical Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. ... In Greek mythology, Pelops (Greek Î ÎÎ»Î¿Ïˆ) (from pelios: dark; and ops: face, eye) was a son of Tantalus and Dione. ... A Hippodrome (Gr. ... Telstra Stadium in Sydney, Australia is capable of being converted from a rectangular rugby football field to an oval for cricket and Australian rules football games This article is about the building type. ...

To the north of the sanctuary can be found the Prytaneion and the Philippeion, as well as the array of treasuries representing the various city states. The Metroon lies to the south of these treasuries, with the Echo Stoa to the East. To the south of the sanctuary is the South Stoa and the Bouleuterion, whereas the West side houses the Palaestra, the workshop of Pheidias, the Gymnasion and the Leonidaion. A Prytaneion was seat of the Prytaneis (executive), and so the seat of government in ancient Greece. ... The Philippeion at Olympia was an Ionic memorial which contained a statue of King Philip of Macedon, father of Alexander the Great. ... The Treasuries at Olympia were a series of small temple-shaped buildings located to the north side of the Altis or sanctuary at the site of Olympia in Greece. ... Metroon (metrÃ´on) was the name given to a building dedicated to the mother goddess, Cybele, Rhea, or Demeter, in Ancient Greece. ... A Bouleuterion was a building which housed the council of citizens (boule) in Ancient Greece. ... The palaestra at Olympia is part of the gymnasium at the sanctuary. ... Phidias, (or Pheidias), son of Charmides, (circa 490 BC - circa 430 BC) was an ancient Greek sculptor, universally regarded as the greatest of Greek sculptors. ... In ancient Greece, the gymnasium (Greek: ; gymnasion) functioned as a training facility for competitors in public games. ... The Leonidaion was the lodging place for athletes taking part in the Olympic Games at Olympia. ...

Olympia is also known for the gigantic ivory and gold statue of Zeus that used to stand there, sculpted by Pheidias, which was named one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World by Antipater of Sidon. Very close to the Temple of Zeus which housed this statue, the studio of Pheidias was excavated in the 1950s. Evidence found there, such as sculptor's tools, corroborates this opinion. The ancient ruins sit north of the Alfeios River and Mount Kronos (named after the Greek deity Kronos). The Kladeos, a tributary of the Alfeios, flows around the area. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... GOLD refers to one of the following: GOLD (IEEE) is an IEEE program designed to garner more student members at the university level (Graduates of the Last Decade). ... A fanciful reconstruction of Phidias statue of Zeus, in an engraving made by Philippe Galle in 1572, from a drawing by Maarten van Heemskerck. ... Phidias, (or Pheidias), son of Charmides, (circa 490 BC - circa 430 BC) was an ancient Greek sculptor, universally regarded as the greatest of Greek sculptors. ... The Seven Wonders of the World (from left to right, top to bottom): Great Pyramid of Giza, Hanging Gardens of Babylon, Temple of Artemis, Statue of Zeus at Olympia, Mausoleum of Maussollos, Colossus of Rhodes and the Lighthouse of Alexandria. ... Antipater of Sidon (2nd century BC) is an ancient Greek writer and poet. ... A fanciful reconstruction of Phidias statue of Zeus, in an engraving made by Philippe Galle in 1572, from a drawing by Maarten van Heemskerck The Statue of Zeus at Olympia is one of the classical Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. ... 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... The AlfeiÃ³s (Greek: Î‘Î»Ï†ÎµÎ¹ÏŒÏ‚, also AlfiÃ³s) is a river in Peloponnese, Greece. ... Chronos is the personification of time in Greek mythology There is also Cronus, the similarly named Greek mythological Titan, father of Zeus. ... Kladeos (Greek: Κλάδεος) or Kladeus, Latin: Cladeus or Cladeos was a river god in Greek mythology. ...

Site plan

Image File history File links Size of this preview: 780 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (823 Ã— 633 pixel, file size: 28 KB, MIME type: image/png) 1 Temple of Zeus 2 Temple of Hera 3 Altar of Zeus 4 Pelopion 5 Phillipeum 6 Metroon 7 Echo stoa 8 Treasuries 9 Stadium 10... A fanciful reconstruction of Phidias statue of Zeus, in an engraving made by Philippe Galle in 1572, from a drawing by Maarten van Heemskerck The Statue of Zeus at Olympia is one of the classical Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. ... The remains of the Temple of Hera, Olympia The Heraeum, or Temple of Hera at Olympia, is thought to be the oldest known example of Doric architecture. ... In Greek mythology, Pelops (Greek Î ÎÎ»Î¿Ïˆ) (from pelios: dark; and ops: face, eye) was a son of Tantalus and Dione. ... The Philippeion at Olympia was an Ionic memorial which contained a statue of King Philip of Macedon, father of Alexander the Great. ... Metroon (metrÃ´on) was the name given to a building dedicated to the mother goddess, Cybele, Rhea, or Demeter, in Ancient Greece. ... The Treasuries at Olympia were a series of small temple-shaped buildings located to the north side of the Altis or sanctuary at the site of Olympia in Greece. ... View down the stadium at Olympia The vaulted tunnel leading into the stadium The exedra (stone platform) on which the judges sat, located on the south bank of the stadium The stadium at the archaeological site of Olympia, Greece is located to the east of the sanctuary of Zeus. ... A Bouleuterion was a building which housed the council of citizens (boule) in Ancient Greece. ... The Leonidaion was the lodging place for athletes taking part in the Olympic Games at Olympia. ... Phidias, (or Pheidias), son of Charmides, (circa 490 BC - circa 430 BC) was an ancient Greek sculptor, universally regarded as the greatest of Greek sculptors. ... The palaestra at Olympia is part of the gymnasium at the sanctuary. ... The gymnasium of the Greeks originally functioned as the school where competitors in the public games received their training, and was so named from the circumstance that these competitors exercised naked (gymnos). ... A Prytaneion was seat of the Prytaneis (executive), and so the seat of government in ancient Greece. ...

History

The five Olympic rings were designed in 1913, adopted in 1914 and debuted at the Games at Antwerp, 1920. ... Ruins of the training grounds at Olympia The Ancient Olympic Games, originally referred to as simply the Olympic Games (Greek: ; Olympiakoi Agones) were a series of athletic competitions held between various city-states of Ancient Greece. ...

Prehistory

Remains of votive and burnt offerings dating back to the 10th century BCE and give evidence of a long history of religious activity at the site. No buildings have survived from this earliest period of use.^[1] An icon of Aghia Paraskevi with votive offerings hung beside it. ... (Redirected from 10th century BCE) (11th century BC - 10th century BC - 9th century BC - other centuries) (1000s BC - 990s BC - 980s BC - 970s BC - 960s BC - 950s BC - 940s BC - 930s BC - 920s BC - 910s BC - 900s BC - other decades) (3rd millennium BC - 2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC) Events...

Geometric and Archaic periods

The first Olympic festival was organised on the site by the authorities of Elis in the 8th century BCE - with tradition dating the first games at 776 BCE. Major changes were made to the site around 700 BCE, including levelling land and digging new wells. Elis' power diminished and at the beginning of the 7th century BCE the sanctuary fell into the hands of the Pisatans in 676BCE. The Pisatans organised the games until the late 7th century BCE.^[1] Elis, or Eleia (Greek, Modern: Î‰Î»Î¹Î´Î± Ilida, Ancient/Katharevousa: Î‰Î»Î¹Ï‚, also Ilis, Doric: Î†Î»Î¹Ï‚) is an ancient district within the modern prefecture of Ilia. ... (9th century BC - 8th century BC - 7th century BC - other centuries) (800s BC - 790s BC - 780s BC - 770s BC - 760s BC - 750s BC - 740s BC - 730s BC - 720s BC - 710s BC - 700s BC - other decades) (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium AD) Events Golden age in Armenia Assyria... (8th century BC - 7th century BC - 6th century BC - other centuries) (700s BC - 690s BC - 680s BC - 670s BC - 660s BC - 650s BC - 640s BC - 630s BC - 620s BC - 610s BC - 600s BC - other decades) (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium AD) Events Scythians arrived in Asia Collapse... Pisa, or Pisatis, was the name of an ancient Greek town in Elis. ...

The earliest evidence of building activity on the site dates from around 600 BCE. At this time the Skiloudians, allies of the Pistans, built the Temple of Hera. The Treasuries and the Pelopion were built during the course of the 6th century BCE. The secular structures and athletic arenas were also under construction during this period including the Bouleuterion. The first stadium was constructed around 560 BCE, it consisted of just a simple track. The stadium was remodelled around 500 BCE with sloping sides for spectators and shifted slightly to the east. Over the course of the 6th century BCE a range of sports was added to the Olympic festival. In 580 BC, Elis, in alliance with Sparta, occupied Pisa and regained the control over the sanctuary.^[1] The remains of the Temple of Hera, Olympia The Heraeum, or Temple of Hera at Olympia, is thought to be the oldest known example of Doric architecture. ... The Treasuries at Olympia were a series of small temple-shaped buildings located to the north side of the Altis or sanctuary at the site of Olympia in Greece. ... In Greek mythology, Pelops (Greek Î ÎÎ»Î¿Ïˆ) (from pelios: dark; and ops: face, eye) was a son of Tantalus and Dione. ... (7th century BC - 6th century BCE - 5th century BCE - other centuries) (600s BCE - 590s BCE - 580s BCE - 570s BCE - 560s BCE - 550s BCE - 540s BCE - 530s BCE - 520s BCE - 510s BCE - 500s BCE - other decades) (2nd millennium BCE - 1st millennium BCE - 1st millennium) The 5th and 6th centuries BCE were... A Bouleuterion was a building which housed the council of citizens (boule) in Ancient Greece. ...

Classical period

The classical period, between the 5th and 4th centuries BCE, was the golden age of the site at Olympia. A wide range of new religious and secular buildings and structures were constructed.^[2] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 472 pixelsFull resolution (1225 Ã— 723 pixel, file size: 478 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Description: Olympia in Ancient Greece Source: Pierers Universal-Lexikon, 1891 Scanned by --Immanuel Giel 12:34, 31 May 2005 (UTC) File links The following pages on... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 472 pixelsFull resolution (1225 Ã— 723 pixel, file size: 478 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Description: Olympia in Ancient Greece Source: Pierers Universal-Lexikon, 1891 Scanned by --Immanuel Giel 12:34, 31 May 2005 (UTC) File links The following pages on... The Temple to Athena, the Parthenon Ancient Greece is a period in Greek history that lasted for around three thousand years. ...

The Temple of Zeus was built in the middle of the 5th century BCE, its size, scale and ornamentation was beyond anything previously constructed on the site. Further sporting facilities, including the final iteration of the stadium, and the hippodrome (for chariot-racing) were constructed. The Prytaneion was built at the north west side of the site in 470 BCE.^[2] A fanciful reconstruction of Phidias statue of Zeus, in an engraving made by Philippe Galle in 1572, from a drawing by Maarten van Heemskerck The Statue of Zeus at Olympia is one of the classical Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. ... (6th century BC - 5th century BC - 4th century BC - other centuries) (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium AD) Events Demotic becomes the dominant script of ancient Egypt Persians invade Greece twice (Persian Wars) Battle of Marathon (490) Battle of Salamis (480) Athenian empire formed and falls Peloponnesian War... A Hippodrome (Gr. ... A Prytaneion was seat of the Prytaneis (executive), and so the seat of government in ancient Greece. ...

In the late classical period further structures were added to the site. The Metroon was constructed near the Treasuries c.400 BCE. The erection of the Echo Stoa, around 350 BCE, separated off the sanctuary from the area of the games and stadium. The South Stoa was built at the southern edge of the sanctuary at approximately the same time.^[2]

Hellenistic period

The late 4th century BCE saw the erection of the Philippeion. Around 300 BCE the largest building on the site, the Leonidaion, was constructed to house important visitors. Due to the increasing importance of the games, further athletic buildings were constructed including the Palaestra (3rd century BCE), Gymnasion (2nd century BCE) and bath houses (c.300 BCE). Finally, in 200 BCE, a vaulted archway was erected linking the entrance to the stadium to the sanctuary.^[3] (5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - other centuries) (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium AD) Events Invasion of the Celts into Ireland Kingdom of Macedon conquers Persian empire Romans build first aqueduct Chinese use bellows The Scythians are beginning to be absorbed into the Sarmatian... The Philippeion at Olympia was an Ionic memorial which contained a statue of King Philip of Macedon, father of Alexander the Great. ... The Leonidaion was the lodging place for athletes taking part in the Olympic Games at Olympia. ... Pompeii palaestra seen from the top of the stadium wall. ... (4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - other centuries) (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium AD) Events The first two Punic Wars between Carthage and Rome over dominance in western Mediterranean Rome conquers Spain Great Wall of China begun Indian traders regularly visited Arabia Scythians occupy... The gymnasium of the Greeks originally functioned as the school where competitors in the public games received their training, and was so named from the circumstance that these competitors exercised naked (gymnos). ... (3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - other centuries) (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium AD) Events BC 168 Battle of Pydna -- Macedonian phalanx defeated by Romans BC 148 Rome conquers Macedonia BC 146 Rome destroys Carthage in the Third Punic War BC 146 Rome conquers...

Roman period

During the Roman period the games were opened up to all citizens of the Roman Empire. A programme of extensive repairs - including to the Temple of Zeus - and new building took place. In 150 CE the Nympheum (or Exedra) was built. New baths replaced the older Greek examples in 100 CE and an aqueduct constructed in 160 CE.^[4] Motto Senatus Populusque Romanus (SPQR) The Roman Empire at its greatest extent, c. ... A Nymphaeum, in Greek and Roman antiquities, is a monument consecrated to the nymphs, especially those of springs. ... An exedra adopted by James Cameron for a neoclassical interior space, at the Hermitage In architecture an exedra is a semicircular recess, often crowned by a half-dome, which is usually set into a buildings facade. ...

The 3rd century saw the site suffer heavy damage from a series of earthquakes. Invading tribes in 267 CE led to the centre of site being fortified with robbed material from the sites monuments. Despite the destruction the Olympic festival continued to be held at the site until the last Olympiad in 393 CE, after which a decree from the Christian emperor, Theodosius I implemented a ban. The workshop of Pheidias was turned into a Basilica and the site was inhabited by a Christian community until the late 6th century.^[4] // Overview Events 212: Constitutio Antoniniana grants citizenship to all free Roman men 212-216: Baths of Caracalla 230-232: Sassanid dynasty of Persia launches a war to reconquer lost lands in the Roman east 235-284: Crisis of the Third Century shakes Roman Empire 250-538: Kofun era, the first... An engraving depicting what Theodosius may have looked like, ca. ... St. ... This Buddhist stela from China, Northern Wei period, was built in the early 6th century. ...

After this point the site was buried under the alluvial deposits of two rivers until its discovery by archaeologists in the 19th century.^[4] Alluvium is soil land deposited by a river or other running water. ...

Excavation

Discovery and early excavations

The exact site was re-discovered in 1766 by the English antiquarian Richard Chandler.^[5] The first excavation of the sanctuary at Olympia was not carried out until 1829, by the French "Expedition Scientifique de Moree".^[6] Richard Chandler (1738 - 9 February 1810), English antiquary, was born at Elson in Hampshire, and educated at Winchester and at Queens College, Cambridge and Magdalen College, Oxford. ...

1875-1881

The first major excavation of Olympia began in 1875, funded by the German government after negotiation of exclusive access by Ernst Curtius. Other archaeologists responsible for the dig were Gustav Hirschfeld, Goerge Treu, and Adolf Furtwängler who worked alongside architects A. Boetticher, Wilhelm Dörpfeld, and Richard Borrmann. They excavated the central part of the sanctuary including the Temple of Zeus, Temple of Hera, Metroon, Bouleuterion, Philipeion, Echo Stoa, Treasuries and Palaestra. Important finds included sculptures from the Temple of Zeus, the Nike of Paeonius, the Hermes of Praxiteles and many bronzes. In total 14,000 objects were recorded. The finds were displayed in a museum on the site.^[7] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 500 Ã— 473 pixelsFull resolution (500 Ã— 473 pixel, file size: 62 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Olympia, Greece ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 500 Ã— 473 pixelsFull resolution (500 Ã— 473 pixel, file size: 62 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Olympia, Greece ... You may be looking for Ernst Robert Curtius (1886â€“1956). ... Adolf FurtwÃ¤ngler (June 30, 1853 - October 10, 1907) was a famous German archaeologist and art historian. ... Wilhelm DÃ¶rpfeld Wilhelm DÃ¶rpfeld (or Doerpfeld) (26 December 1853 â€“ 25 April 1940) was a German architect, best known for his contributions to classical archaeology. ... Helmeted Athena, of the Velletri type. ... Paeonius (or Paionios) of Mende in Thrace was a Greek sculptor of the late 5th century BC. The only work that can be definitely attributed to him is the statue of Nike (circa 420 BC) discovered at Olympia. ... Hermes bearing the infant Dionysus, by Praxiteles, found at the Heraion, Olympia, 1877 Hermes (IPA: , Greek IPA: ), in Greek mythology, is the Olympian god of boundaries and of the travelers who cross them, of shepherds and cowherds, of orators and wit, of literature and poets, of athletics, of weights and... Praxiteles of Athens, the son of Cephisodotus, was the greatest of the Attic sculptors of the 4th century BC, who has left an imperishable mark on the history of art. ...

1900-1950

Excavation was continued in a more limited way by Dörpfeld between 1908 and 1929 but a new systematic excavation was begun in 1936 on the occasion of the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin under Emil Kunze and Hans Schleif. Their excavation focus on the area to the south of the stadium, the South stoa, bath complex and gymnasion.^[7] The 1936 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XI Olympiad, were held in 1936 in Berlin, Germany. ... Berlin is the capital city and one of the sixteen states of the Federal Republic of Germany. ...

1950 to present

Between 1952 and 1966, Kunze and Schleif continued the excavation joined by architect Alfred Mallwitz. They excavated Pheidias' workshop, the Leonidaion and the north wall of the stadium. They also excavated the southeast section of the sanctuary and out of approximately 140 debris pits found many bronze and ceramic objects along with terracotta roof tiles.^[7]

Mallwitz took charge of the excavations between 1972 and 1984 revealing important dating evidence for the stadium, graves, and the location of the Prytaneion. From 1984 to 1996, Helmut Kyrieleis took over the site and the focus shifted to the earlier history of the sanctuary with excavation of the Prytaneion and Pelopion.^[7]

Modern Olympia

The Olympic flame of the modern-day Olympic Games is lit by reflection of sunlight in a parabolic mirror at the restored Olympia stadium and then transported by a torch to the place where the games are held. When the modern Olympics came to Athens in 2004, the men's and women's shot put competition was held at the restored stadium. The Olympic Flame at the Athens 2004 Summer Olympics The Olympic Flame, Olympic Fire, Olympic Torch, Olympic Light, Olympic Eye, and Olympic Sun is a symbol of the Olympic Games. ... The five Olympic rings were designed in 1913, adopted in 1914 and debuted at the Games at Antwerp, 1920. ... A parabolic reflector (also known as a parabolic dish or a parabolic mirror) is a reflective device formed in the shape of a paraboloid of revolution. ... Athens (Greek: Î‘Î¸Î®Î½Î± - AthÃna) is the largest city and capital of Greece, located in the Attica periphery of central Greece. ... The 2004 Summer Olympic Games, officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad, were held in Athens, Greece, from August 13 to August 29, 2004. ... Shot put The shot put is an athletics (track and field) event involving putting (throwing in a pushing motion) a heavy metal ball (called the shot) as far as possible. ...

Olympia has a school and a square (plateia) and is a popular site for tourism. The town has a train station and is the easternmost terminus of the line of Olympia-Pyrgos (Ilia). The train station with the freight yard to its west is located about 300 m east of the town centre. Plateia (Ï€Î»Î±Ï„ÎµÎ¯Î±) is the Greek word for town square. ... For other places that have the same name, click Pyrgos (disambiguation) Pyrgos (Greek: Î ÏÏÎ³Î¿Ï‚) is the capital of the Prefecture of Ilia in Greece. ...

It is linked by GR-74, and the new road was opened in the 1980s; the next stretch N and NE of Olympia will open in around 2005. The distance from Pyrgos is 20 km E(old: 21 km), about 50 km SW of Lampeia, W of Tripoli and Arcadia and 4 km north of Krestena and N of Kyparissia and Messenia. The highway passes north of the ancient ruins. A reservoir is located 2 km southwest, damming up the Alfeios River. A road from Olympia and Krestena was closed in the late-1990s. The area is hilly and mountainous; most of the area within Olympia is forested. Greece Interstate 74 is a highway linking Pyrgos, Olympia, Tripoli and GR-7/E65. ... The 1980s refers to the years of and between 1980 and 1989. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other places that have the same name, click Pyrgos (disambiguation) Pyrgos (Greek: Î ÏÏÎ³Î¿Ï‚) is the capital of the Prefecture of Ilia in Greece. ... Lampeia (Greek: Λαμπεία, Romanization before the 1990s, Lambia), rarely Lampia, is a Greek town and a muinicipality on the southern part of the Divri (Δίβρη) range and is also known as that name. ... Tripoli (Greek, Modern: Î¤ÏÎ¯Ï€Î¿Î»Î·, Ancient/Katharevousa: -s; see also List of traditional Greek place names), older form and Latin: Tripolis, rarely Tripolitsa, Tripolitza and Tripolizza is a city in the central part of the Peloponnesos, Greece, and the capital of the prefecture of Arcadia and the province of Mantineia which is... Arcadia or ArkadÃa (Greek Î‘ÏÎºÎ±Î´Î¯Î±; see also List of traditional Greek place names) is a region of Greece in the Peloponnesus. ... Krestena (Greek: ÎšÏÎÏƒÏ„ÎµÎ½Î±), is a city located in the Prefecture of Ilia. ... Kyparissia, rarely Cyparissia (Greek: ÎšÏÏ€Î±ÏÎ¹ÏƒÏƒÎ¯Î±) is a town of around 4,000 in western Messenia. ... Messenia (Greek: , in Modern Greek Messinia; see also List of traditional Greek place names) is a prefecture in the Peloponnese, a region of Greece. ... km redirects here. ... Krestena (Greek: ÎšÏÎÏƒÏ„ÎµÎ½Î±), is a city located in the Prefecture of Ilia. ... The 1990s decade refers to the years from the start of 1990 to the end of 1999. ...

When Pierre de Coubertin, the founder of the modern Olympic Games movement, died in 1937, a monument to him was erected at ancient Olympia. His heart was buried at the monument. Baron Pierre de Coubertin Pierre de Coubertin (January 1, 1863 â€“ September 2, 1937), born as Pierre de FrÃ©dy, was a French pedagogue and historian, but is best known as the founder of the modern Olympic Games. ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Geography and demography

Nearest places

Varvasena or Varvassena (Greek: Î’Î±ÏÎ²Î¬ÏƒÎ±Î¹Î½Î±) is a town in the eastern part of the municipality of Pyrgos in the central part of the prefecture of Ilia. ...

Subdivisions

Communes

Pisa, or Pisatis, was the name of an ancient Greek town in Elis. ... Irakleia (Î—ÏÎ¬ÎºÎ»ÎµÎ¹Î±) may refer to several places in Greece: Irakleia, Arta, a municipality in Arta Prefecture Irakleia, Elis, a village in Elis, part of Olympia, Greece Irakleia, Cyclades, an island in the Cyclades Irakleia, Serres, a municipality in Serres Prefecture Irakleia, Phthiotis, a village in Phthiotis, part of Gorgopotamos See also... Kladeos (Greek: Κλάδεος) or Kladeus, Latin: Cladeus or Cladeos was a river god in Greek mythology. ... Pournari, older forms: Pournario and Pournarion may refer to several places in Greece: Pournari, a village in the Ilia prefecture Pournari, a village in the Fthiotida prefecture Pournari, a village in the Larissa Prefecture Categories: | ... Smila is a little village near Olympia with about 400 citizens. ...

Historical Population

1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

See also

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Wikimedia Commons logo by Reid Beels The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... Here are list of communities or communes including sections in the prefecture of Ilia, Greece A-B Achladini Koutsoutroumpa Aetorrachi Afgeio Agia Anna Agia Kyriaki Agia Mavra Agia Triada Agias Ilias Aghios Ioannis Agii Apostoli Agigdales Agios Charalampos Agios Dimitrios Agios Georgios (Vrachnaiika) Agios Georgios, Pyrgos Agios Ilias near Pyrgos...

External links

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Literature: Homer • Hesiod • Pindar • Aeschylus • Sophocles • Euripides • Aristophanes • Herodotus • Thucydides • Xenophon • Polybius
Buildings: Parthenon • Temple of Artemis • Acropolis • Ancient Agora • Arch of Hadrian • Statue of Zeus • Colossus of Rhodes • Temple of Hephaestus • Samothrace temple complex
Chronology: Aegean civilization • Mycenaean civilization • Greek dark ages • Ancient Greece • Hellenistic Greece • Roman Greece Foloi (Greek: Φολόη), older forms Foloe, older form and Latin: Pholoe is a village and a municipality in the eastern part of the prefecture of Ilia. ... ... Krestena (Greek: ÎšÏÎÏƒÏ„ÎµÎ½Î±), is a city located in the Prefecture of Ilia. ... Photo 1: Kallithea on the simulated view of Greater Athens from above. ... Elis (Modern Greek: Î—Î»ÎµÎ¯Î± - IleÃa, also Ilia and Elia) is a prefecture in the Western Peloponnese and in Western portion of Greece. ... Alifeira (Greek: Î‘Î»Î¯Ï†ÎµÎ¹ÏÎ±) or Alifira is a municipality in southcentral Elis. ... Amaliada (Greek: Modern: Î‘Î¼Î±Î»Î¹Î¬Î´Î±, Ancient: Î‘Î¼Î±Î»Î¹Î¬Ï‚, Amalias) or Amaliada City is a city in the western Peloponnese, in Greece. ... Andrav da, (Ανδραβίδα) is a city in the Prefecture of Ilia in Greece that has a military base in the east side. ... Andritsaina (Greek: Î‘Î½Î´ÏÎ¯Ï„ÏƒÎ±Î¹Î½Î±), also Andritsena is a community and a municipality located in the southeastern part of the Ilia Prefecture in the middle of a highway, officially and unofficially GR-76 between Krestena and Megalopoli. ... Figaleia (Î¦Î¹Î³Î±Î»ÎµÎ¯Î±) is a municipality in the Elis Prefecture, Greece. ... Foloi (Greek: Φολόη), older forms Foloe, older form and Latin: Pholoe is a village and a municipality in the eastern part of the prefecture of Ilia. ... Gastouni (Greek: Î“Î±ÏƒÏ„Î¿ÏÎ½Î·, -Î¹) is a town and a municipality in northern Ilia, Greece. ... Iardanos (Greek: Î™Î¬ÏÎ´Î±Î½Î¿Ï‚) is a municipality in the Elis Prefecture, Greece. ... Kastro-Kyllini is a municipality in the Elis Prefecture, Greece. ... Lampeia (Greek: Λαμπεία, Romanization before the 1990s, Lambia), rarely Lampia, is a Greek town and a muinicipality on the southern part of the Divri (Δίβρη) range and is also known as that name. ... Coordinates 37Â°49â€² N 21Â°41â€² E Country Greece Periphery West Greece Prefecture Elis Province Elis Population 2,562 source (2001) Elevation 580 m Licence plate code Î—Î‘ Lasiona (Greek, Modern: Î›Î±ÏƒÎ¹ÏŽÎ½Î±, Ancient/Katharevousa: Î›Î±ÏƒÎ¹ÏŽÎ½ Lasion) is a municipality in the northern part of the Elis Prefecture, Greece. ... Lechainá (Λεχαινά), also Lechena or Lehena is a town in the Prefecture of Ilia, Greece that is 39 km N (old distance: 37 km) north of the nearby city of Pyrgos and regions of Messenia and Arcadia. ... There is another municipality of the same name in the prefecture of Achaia, see Loussika, the seat of Oleni. ... Simopoulo (Greek, Modern: Î£Î¹Î¼ÏŒÏ€Î¿Ï…Î»Î¿Î½, Ancient/Katharevousa: Simopoulon) is a community located about 5 km west of GR-33 and south of the Pineios River valley. ... Pyrgos (Greek: Î ÏÏÎ³Î¿Ï‚) is the capital of the Prefecture of Elis in Greece. ... Skillounta is a municipality in the Prefecture of Elis, Greece. ... Tragano (Greek, Modern: Î¤ÏÎ±Î³Î±Î½ÏŒ, Ancient/Katharevousa: -on, not to be confused with trachana), older forms Traganon is a town and a municipality in the northern part of the prefecture of Ilia in the western Peloponnese. ... Vartholomio (Greek: Î’Î±ÏÎ¸Î¿Î»Î¿Î¼Î¹Î¿, pre-1970s, -Î¹Î¿Î½, -ion) is a town and a municipality in northwestern Ilia in Greece. ... Volakas (Greek: Î’ÏŽÎ»Î±ÎºÎ±Ï‚) is a port municipality in the western part of the Elis Prefecture, Greece. ... Vouprasia (Greek: Î’Î¿Ï…Ï€ÏÎ±ÏƒÎ¯Î±) is a municipality in the Elis Prefecture, Greece. ... Zacharo (Greek: Ζαχάρω), also Zaharo or Zakharo is a community and a municipality located in the southwestern part of the prefecture of Ilia in the middle of a highway named GR-9/E55 linking Pyrgos and GR-9A along with Kyparissia. ... The Temple to Athena, the Parthenon Ancient Greece is a period in Greek history that lasted for around three thousand years. ... Look up Aegean Sea in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Helespont/Dardanelles, a long narrow strait dividing the Balkans (Europe) along the Gallipoli peninsula from Asia Anatolia (Asia Minor). ... Macedons regions and towns Macedon or Macedonia (from Greek ; see also List of traditional Greek place names) was the name of an ancient kingdom in the northern-most part of ancient Greece, bordering the kingdom of Epirus on the west and the region of Thrace to the east[1... Sparta (Doric: SpÃ¡rtÄ, Attic: SpÃ¡rtÄ“) is a city in southern Greece. ... Athens (Greek: Î‘Î¸Î®Î½Î± - AthÃna) is the largest city and capital of Greece, located in the Attica periphery of central Greece. ... Corinth, or Korinth (Greek: ÎšÏŒÏÎ¹Î½Î¸Î¿Ï‚, KÃ³rinthos; see also List of traditional Greek place names) is a Greek city-state, on the Isthmus of Corinth, the narrow stretch of land that joins the Peloponnesus to the mainland of Greece. ... For the famous battle, see Battle of Thermopylae. ... Antioch on the Orontes (Greek: Î‘Î½Ï„Î¹ÏŒÏ‡ÎµÎ¹Î± Î· ÎµÏ€Î¯ Î”Î¬Ï†Î½Î·, Î‘Î½Ï„Î¹ÏŒÏ‡ÎµÎ¹Î± Î· ÎµÏ€Î¯ ÎŸÏÏŒÎ½Ï„Î¿Ï… or Î‘Î½Ï„Î¹ÏŒÏ‡ÎµÎ¹Î± Î· ÎœÎµÎ³Î¬Î»Î·; Latin: Antiochia ad Orontem, also Antiochia dei Siri), the Great Antioch or Syrian Antioch was an ancient city located on the eastern side (left bank) of the Orontes River about 30 km from the sea and its port, Seleucia Pieria. ... Alexandria (Greek: , Coptic: , Arabic: , Egyptian Arabic: Iskindireyya), (population of 3. ... Acropolis of Pergamon as seen from above Temple of Trajan at the Acropolis of Pergamon The Asklepeion of Pergamon was the worlds first hospital Pergamon or Pergamum (Greek: Î ÎÏÎ³Î±Î¼Î¿Ï‚, modern day Bergama in Turkey, ) was an ancient Greek city, in Mysia, north-western Anatolia, 16 miles from the Aegean Sea... The lower half of the benches and the remnants of the scene building of the theater of Miletus (August 2005) Miletus (Hittite: Milawata or Millawanda, Greek: ÎœÎ¯Î»Î·Ï„Î¿Ï‚ transliterated Miletos, Turkish: Milet) was an ancient Greek city on the western coast of Anatolia (in what is now the Aydin Province of Turkey... Delphi (Greek Î”ÎµÎ»Ï†Î¿Î¯, [Ã°eÌžlËˆfi]) is an archaeological site and a modern town in Greece on the south-western spur of Mount Parnassus in a valley of Phocis. ... Troy or Ilion, see Troy (disambiguation) and Ilion (disambiguation). ... The Charioteer of Delphi, Delphi Archaeological Museum. ... Kylix, the most common drinking vessel in ancient Greece, c. ... Ancient Greek law is a branch of comparative jurisprudence relating to the laws and legal institutions of Ancient Greece. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Pederastic courtship scene Athenian black-figure amphora, 5th c. ... Bilingual Amphora by the Andokides Painter, ca. ... Courtesan and her client, Attican Pelike with red figures by Polygnotus, c. ... Funerary stele: the slave represented as a shorter person, beside the mistress, Munich Glyptothek Slavery was an essential component throughout the development of Ancient Greece. ... Ancient Greek technology is a set of artifacts and customs that lasted for more than one thousand years. ... Greek philosophy focused on the role of reason and inquiry. ... Pythagoras of Samos (Greek: ; circa 580 BC â€“ circa 500 BC) was an Ionian (Greek) philosopher[1] and founder of the religious movement called Pythagoreanism. ... Heraclitus of Ephesus (Ancient Greek - HerÃ¡kleitos ho EphÃ©sios (Herakleitos the Ephesian)) (about 535 - 475 BC), known as The Obscure (Ancient Greek - ho SkoteinÃ³s), was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, a native of Ephesus on the coast of Asia Minor. ... Parmenides of Elea (Greek: , early 5th century BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher born in Elea, a Hellenic city on the southern coast of Italy. ... Protagoras (in Greek Î ÏÏ‰Ï„Î±Î³ÏŒÏÎ±Ï‚) was born around 481 BC in Abdera, Thrace in Ancient Greece. ... For the volcano, see Empedocles (volcano). ... â€Ž Democritus (Greek: ) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher (born at Abdera in Thrace around 460 BC[1][2]). Democritus was a student of Leucippus and co-originator of the belief that all matter is made up of various imperishable, indivisible elements which he called atomos, from which we get the... Socrates (Greek: , invariably anglicized as , SÇ’cratÄ“s; circa 470â€“399 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher who is widely credited for laying the foundation for Western philosophy. ... For other uses, see Plato (disambiguation). ... Aristotle (Greek: AristotÃ©lÄ“s) (384 BC â€“ March 7, 322 BC) was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. ... Zeno of Citium Zeno of Citium (The Stoic) (sometime called Zeno Apathea) (333 BC-264 BC) was a Hellenistic philosopher from Citium, Cyprus. ... Roman marble bust of Epicurus Epicurus (Epikouros or in Greek) (341 BC, Samos â€“ 270 BC, Athens) was an ancient Greek philosopher, the founder of Epicureanism, one of the most popular schools of thought in Hellenistic Philosophy. ... Ancient Greek literature refers to literature written in the Greek language until the 4th century AD. // This period of Greek literature stretches from Homer until the 4th century and the rise of Alexander the Great. ... Homer (Greek: , ) was an early Greek poet and aoidos (rhapsode) traditionally credited with the composition of the Iliad and the Odyssey. ... Roman bronze bust, the so-called Pseudo-Seneca, now identified by some as possibly Hesiod Hesiod (Hesiodos, ) was an early Greek poet and rhapsode, who presumably lived around 700 BC. Hesiod and Homer, with whom Hesiod is often paired, have been considered the earliest Greek poets whose work has survived... Pindar (or Pindarus) (522 BC â€“ 443 BC), perhaps the greatest of the nine lyric poets of ancient Greece, was born at Cynoscephalae, a village in Thebes. ... This article is about the ancient Greek playwright. ... Sophocles (ancient Greek: ; 495 BC - 406 BC) was the second of three great ancient Greek tragedians. ... A statue of Euripides Euripides (Greek: Î•Ï…ÏÎ¹Ï€Î¯Î´Î·Ï‚) (c. ... Sketch of Aristophanes Aristophanes (Greek: , ca. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Bust of Thucydides residing in the Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto. ... Xenophon, Greek historian Xenophon (In Greek , c. ... Polybius (c. ... The restored Stoa of Attalus, Athens Architecture, defined as building executed to an aesthetically considered design, was extinct in Greece from the end of the Mycenaean period (about 1200 BC) to the 7th century BC, when urban life and prosperity recovered to a point where public building could be undertaken. ... This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The site of the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus in Turkey. ... The Acropolis of Athens is the best known acropolis (high city, The Sacred Rock) in Greece and in the world. ... Remains of the agora built in Athens in the Roman period (east of the classical agora). ... [Image:http://www. ... Statue of Zeus The Greek sculptor Phidias created the 12-m (40-ft) tall Statue of Zeus in about 435 bc. ... This drawing of Colossus of Rhodes, which illustrated The Grolier Societys 1911 Book of Knowledge, is probably fanciful, as it is unlikely that the statue stood astride the harbour mouth. ... The Temple of Hephaestus, Athens: eastern face. ... General location of Samothrace The Samothrace Temple Complex, known as the Sanctuary of the Great Gods is one of the principal Pan-Hellenic religious sanctuaries, located on the island of Samothrace within the larger Thrace. ... This is a timeline of ancient Greece. ... Aegean civilization is a general term for the Bronze Age civilizations of Greece and the Aegean. ... This article is about the Greek archaeological site. ... The Greek Dark Ages (ca. ... The Temple to Athena, the Parthenon Ancient Greece is a period in Greek history that lasted for around three thousand years. ... The Hellenistic period of Greek history was the period between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the annexation of the Greek peninsula and islands by Rome in 146 BC. Although the establishment of Roman rule did not break the continuity of Hellenistic society and culture, which... Roman Greece is the period of Greek history following the Roman victory over the Corinthians at the Battle of Corinth in 146 BC until the reestablishment of the city of Byzantium and the naming of the city by Emperor Constantine I as the capital of the Roman Empire (as Nova...

World Heritage Sites in Greece

Acropolis, Athens | Archaeological Site of Delphi | Archaeological Site of Epidaurus | Archaeological Site of Olympia | Archaeological Site of Vergina | Archaeological Sites of Mycenae and Tiryns | Christian Sites of Pátmos | Delos | Meteora | Monasteries of Daphni, Hosios Loukas and Nea Moni | Mount Athos | Mystras | Paleochristian and Byzantine Monuments of Thessalonika | Pythagoreion and Heraion of Samos | Medieval City of Rhodes | Temple of Apollo Epicurius, Bassae Image File history File links Flag_of_Greece. ... Elabana Falls is in Lamington National Park, part of the Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves World Heritage site in Queensland, Australia. ... The Acropolis of Athens, seen from the hill of the Pnyx to the west. ... Delphi (Greek Î”ÎµÎ»Ï†Î¿Î¯, [Ã°eÌžlËˆfi]) is an archaeological site and a modern town in Greece on the south-western spur of Mount Parnassus in a valley of Phocis. ... Panoramic view of the theater at Epidaurus Epidaurus (Epidauros) was a small city (polis) in ancient Greece at the Saronic Gulf. ... VerginaÂ´s ( Î’ÎµÏÎ³Î¯Î½Î± ) location in Macedonia, in Greece Vergina (in Greek Î’ÎµÏÎ³Î¯Î½Î±; also spelled VerghÃna and VeryÃna) is a small town in northern Greece, located at coordinates , in the prefecture of Imathia in the region of Central Macedonia. ... A clay tablet with writing in Linear B from Mycenae. ... Plan of Tiryns excavations Tiryns (in ancient Greek Î¤Î¯ÏÏ…Î½Ï‚ and in modern Î¤Î¯ÏÏ…Î½Î¸Î±) is a Mycenaean archeological site in the Greek nomos of Argolis in the Peloponnese peninsula, some kilometres north of Nauplion. ... Skala viewed from the Monastery of Agios Ioannis Theologos, one of the UN World Heritage Sites. ... The island of Delos, Carl Anton Joseph Rottmann, 1847 The island of Delos (Greek: Î”Î®Î»Î¿Ï‚, Dhilos), isolated in the centre of the roughly circular ring of islands called the Cyclades, near Mykonos, had a position as a holy sanctuary for a millennium before Olympian Greek mythology made it the birthplace of... Meteora is also an album by the band Linkin Park. ... Dafni or Daphni (Greek Î”Î¬Ï†Î½Î¹ before the spelling change, Dafnion Î”Î¬Ï†Î½Î¹Î¿Î½ or Daphnion) is a monastery 11 km north-west of downtown Athens in Chaidari, south of Athinon Avenue (GR-8A). ... The monastery of St. ... Chios (Greek: , alternative transliterations Khios and Hios, see also List of traditional Greek place names; Ottoman Turkish: ØµØ§Ù‚ÙŠØ² SakÄ±z; Genoese: Scio) is a Greek island in the Aegean Sea five miles off the Turkish coasts. ... Capital Karyes Languages Koine Greek, Church Slavonic (both liturgical), as well as Modern Greek, Russian, Serbian, Georgian, Bulgarian, Romanian (civil) Head of State Greek Minister of For. ... For a village in the prefecture of Ioannina, see Mystras (Ioannina), Greece The Vale of Laconia seen from the battlements of Mystras Mystras (also Mistra, Mystra and Mistras Greek: ÎœÏÏƒÏ„ÏÎ±Ï‚ , ÎœÏ…Î¶Î·Î¸ÏÎ¬Ï‚ Mizithras or Myzithras in the chronicle of Morea ) was a fortified town in Morea (the Peloponnesus), on Mt. ... Thessaloniki, (Greek: Î˜ÎµÏƒÏƒÎ±Î»Î¿Î½Î¯ÎºÎ·), is Greeces second-largest city and the capital of the Greek region of Macedonia and the periphery of Central Macedonia. ... The remains of the Pythagoreion, an ancient fortified port with Greek and Roman monuments and a spectacular tunnel-aqueduct, along with the Heraion of Samos were jointly registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992. ... For other uses, see Heraion (disambiguation) The Heraion of Samos was built by the architects Rhoikos and Theodoros in 540 BC. The temple stood opposite the cult altar of Hera in her sanctuary. ... Rhodes (Greek: Î¡ÏŒÎ´Î¿Ï‚ - RÃ³dos) is the main city of the Greek island of Rhodes, in the Aegean Sea. ... The Temple of Apollo at Bassae, built around 420 BC is a Doric style temple that faces up-down, unlike most other temples that face left-right. ...

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