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Encyclopedia > Omayyad

The Umayyad Dynasty (Arabic الأمويون / بنو أمية umawiyy; in Turkish, Emevi) was the first dynasty of caliphs of the Prophet Muhammad who were not closely related to Muhammad himself, though they were of the same Meccan tribe, the Quraish. The first dynasty reigned from 661 to 750. Ironically, the Quraishi clan from which the Umayyads originated had originally been bitter enemies of Muhammad.

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The Courtyard of the Omayyad Mosque, Damascus

Muawiyah had been the governor of Syria under the 3rd caliph and his kinsman, Uthman ibn Affan. After the assassination of Uthman, he was replaced by the new caliph, Ali Ben Abu Talib. Rather than relinquish his post, Muawiyah took up a rebellion against Ali. The two fought many battles, and eventually they agreed to partition the Muslim empire. However, Ali was assassinated in 661, and Muawiyah declared himself caliph of all Muslim lands. This established the Umayyad dynasty, the capital was moved to Damascus


The Umayyads were overthrown in the east by the Abbasid dynasty after their defeat in the Battle of the Zab in 750, following which most of the clan was massacred by the Abbasids. An Umayyad prince, Abd-ar-rahman I, took over the Muslim territory in Spain and founded a new Umayyad dynasty there.

Contents
1 Umayyad Rulers

1.1 Umayyad Caliphs of Damascus
1.2 Umayyad Emirs of Cordoba
1.3 Umayyad Caliphs of Cordoba

2 External links

Umayyad Rulers

Umayyad Caliphs of Damascus

Umayyad Emirs of Cordoba

Umayyad Caliphs of Cordoba

See also History of Islam, Caliphate


External links

  • Ummayad Lineage Chart (http://www.history.unimelb.edu.au/middle_east/genealogy/umayyads.htm)
  • http://www.princeton.edu/~batke/itl/denise/umayyads.htm

  Results from FactBites:
 
Old Damascus [Oldamascus.com] :: The Omayyad Mosque (325 words)
Moreover, Omayyad Mosque takes a special position in the history of the mosque itself and represents the history of architecture, particularly the Islamic architectural techniques, due to its special distinction, hugeness and luxurious ornamentations, paintings and mosaic which decorate the walls of the mosque forming some great coordinated masterpieces.
The Omayyad Mosque is considered as on of the most important architectural achievements during the early stages of the Islamic state.
The Omayyad Caliph, Abdul Malek bin Marwan rebuilt the mosque.As he kept all the Roman relics of the temple, the church wasn't damaged.
KacMac Syria Guide: History (1367 words)
Damascus witnessed the rise of the Omayyads in 661 A.D., and subsequently became the capital of the Islamic Empire.
The Omayyads reached the zenith of their glory in the reign of Al-Walid Ben Abdul-Malek during whose reign the Islamic Empire came to include Sind land, Turkey, and Spain.
In 750 A.D. the Omayyad State was supplanted by that of the Abbasids.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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