Aristotle's approach to the subject is to ask "why some animals are footless, others bipeds, others quadrupeds, others polypods, and why all have an even number of feet, if they have feet at all; why in fine the points on which progression depends are even in number."
It's a good example of the way he brought teleological presumptions to empirical studies. Teleology (telos: end, purpose) is the philosophical study of design, purpose, directive principle, or finality in nature or human creations. ...
External links
On the Gait of Animals, translated by A. S. L. Farquharson
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