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A dictionary is a list of words with their definitions, a list of characters with their glyphs, or a list of words with corresponding words in other languages. In a few languages, words can appear in many different forms, but only the lemma form appears as the main word or headword in most dictionaries. Many dictionaries also provide pronunciation information; grammatical information; word derivations, histories, or etymologies; illustrations; usage guidance; and examples in phrases or sentences. Dictionaries are most commonly found in the form of a book. Some dictionaries are also found in electronic portable handheld devices. Most dictionaries are produced by lexicographers. A definition is a form of words which states the meaning of a term. ...
These are the astrological glyphs as most commonly used in Western Astrology A glyph is a specific symbol representing a semantic or phonetic unit of definitive value in a writing system. ...
In linguistics, and particularly in morphology, a lemma is the canonical form of a lexeme. ...
Look up pronunciation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Grammar is the study of rules governing the use of language. ...
Not to be confused with Entomology, the study of insects. ...
Lexicography is either of two things Practical lexicography is the art or craft of writing dictionaries. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1408x1120, 805 KB) A multi-volume Latin dictionary (Egidio Forcellini: Totius Latinitatis Lexicon, 1858-87) in a table in the main reading room of the University Library of Graz. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1408x1120, 805 KB) A multi-volume Latin dictionary (Egidio Forcellini: Totius Latinitatis Lexicon, 1858-87) in a table in the main reading room of the University Library of Graz. ...
a part of the new front built 1994-96 The University Library of Graz is the biggest scientific and public library in Styria and the third biggest in Austria. ...
Word order Today, dictionaries of most languages with alphabetic and syllabic writing systems list words in lexicographic order, usually alphabetical or some analogous phonetic system. A Specimen of typeset fonts and languages, by William Caslon, letter founder; from the 1728 Cyclopaedia. ...
Writing Systems of the World today A Specimen of typeset fonts and languages, by William Caslon, letter founder; from the 1728 Cyclopaedia. ...
In mathematics, the lexicographical order, or dictionary order, is a natural order structure of the cartesian product of two ordered sets. ...
Phonetic (pho-NET-ic) is a nationwide voicemail-to-text messaging service available for most digital mobile phones in which a subscriber is provided a custom voice mailbox for the purpose of receiving all incoming voice messages as actual transcribed text for reading via short messaging (also known as SMS...
In many languages, words are grouped together according to their true or normal origin ("root"), and these roots are arranged alphabetically. If English dictionaries were arranged like this, the words "import", "export", "support", "report", "porter", "port", "important" and "transportation" would all be listed under "port". This method has the advantage that all words of a common origin are listed together, but the disadvantage is that you have to know how to disassemble all prefixes of a word before you look it up. Some Hebrew, Sanskrit, and Arabic dictionaries work like this. Seaport, a painting by Claude Lorrain, 1638 The Port of Wellington at night. ...
As a noun, common may refer to: An alternate form of commons A common - an area of common land The rapper, Common (formerly known as Common Sense) As an adjective, common may denote: Ordinary or most frequently occurring; prevalent. ...
In Policy debate, a disadvantage (abbreviated as DA, and sometimes referred to as a Disad) is an argument that a team brings up against a policy action that is being considered. ...
In linguistics, a prefix is a type of affix that precedes the morphemes to which it can attach. ...
The word Hebrew most likely means to cross over, referring to the Semitic people crossing over the Euphrates River. ...
The Sanskrit language ( , ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, and one of the 22 official languages of India. ...
Arabic can mean: From or related to Arabia From or related to the Arabs The Arabic language; see also Arabic grammar The Arabic alphabet, used for expressing the languages of Arabic, Persian, Malay ( Jawi), Kurdish, Panjabi, Pashto, Sindhi and Urdu, among others. ...
Dictionaries of languages using ideographic writing systems, such as Chinese and Japanese, may be sorted either according to one of many schemes based on the component parts of the characters (number of strokes, overall shape, or pronunciation of each letter), or according to the pronunciation of the full words when spelled phonetically. Due to the unfamiliarity of Chinese speakers with phonetic spellings, phonetic sorts are particularly unsuitable for Chinese dictionaries, while the fluency of Japanese speakers with kana makes kana spelling the most common and convenient method to sort Japanese dictionaries. (See collation for more information on linguistic sorting). A Chinese character. ...
Scheme can refer to: The Scheme programming language. ...
Outline of the character æ°¸, showing stroke order and direction. ...
Look up pronunciation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Phonetic (pho-NET-ic) is a nationwide voicemail-to-text messaging service available for most digital mobile phones in which a subscriber is provided a custom voice mailbox for the purpose of receiving all incoming voice messages as actual transcribed text for reading via short messaging (also known as SMS...
In textual criticism and bibliography, collation is the reading of two (or more) texts side-by-side in order to note their differences. ...
The first English alphabetical dictionary came out in 1604 and alphabetical ordering was a rarity until the 18th century. Before alphabetical listings, dictionaries were organized by topic, i.e. a list of animals all together in one topic. Events January 14 – Hampton Court conference with James I of England, the Anglican bishops and representatives of Puritans September 20 – Capture of Ostend by Spanish forces under Ambrosio Spinola after a three year siege. ...
Rarities is a compilation album of rare songs as well as live songs released by the band Presidents of the United States of America in 1997. ...
(17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ...
Coverage Dictionaries vary wildly in size and scope. A dictionary that attempts to cover as many words from a particular speech community as possible is called a maximizing dictionary (e.g. the Oxford English Dictionary), whereas a dictionary that attempts to cover only a limited selection of words from a speech community is called a minimizing dictionary (e.g. a dictionary containing the 2000 most frequently used words in the English language). A dictionary is maximizing if it attempts to include as many words as possible from a particular speech community. ...
The Oxford English Dictionary print set The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is a dictionary published by the Oxford University Press (OUP), and is generally regarded as the most comprehensive and scholarly dictionary of the English language. ...
A dictionary is minimizing if it attempts to include only a limited selction of words from a particular speech community. ...
Special-purpose dictionaries There are many different types of dictionaries, including bilingual, multilingual, historical, biographical, and geographical dictionaries.
Bilingual dictionaries In bilingual dictionaries, each entry has translations of words in another language. For example, in a Japanese-English dictionary, the entry tsuki has a corresponding English word, moon. In dictionaries between English and a language using a non-Roman script, entry words in the non-English language may be either printed and sorted in the native order, or romanized and sorted in Roman alphabetical order. A bilingual dictionary is a dictionary that translates words or phrases from one language to another. ...
The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world today. ...
In linguistics, romanization (or Latinization, also spelled romanisation or Latinisation) is the representation of a word or language with the Roman (Latin) alphabet, or a system for doing so, where the original word or language uses a different writing system. ...
Specialized dictionaries Specialized dictionaries (also referred to as technical dictionaries) focus on linguistic and factual matters relating to specific subject fields. A specialized dictionary may have a relatively broad coverage, e.g. a picture dictionary, in that it covers several subject fields such as science and technology (a multi-field dictionary), or their coverage may be more narrow, in that they cover one particular subject field such as law (a single-field dictionary) or even a specific sub-field such as contract law (a sub-field dictionary). Specialized dictionaries may be maximizing dictionaries, i.e. they attempt to achieve comprehensive coverage of the terms in the subject field concerned, or they may be minimizing dictionaries, i.e. they attempt to cover only a limited number of the specialized vocabulary concerned. Generally, multi-field dictionaries tend to be minimizing, whereas single-field and sub-field dictionaries tend to be maximizing. See also LSP dictionary. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2272x1704, 1047 KB) Picture dictionaries, old and new. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2272x1704, 1047 KB) Picture dictionaries, old and new. ...
A Sevres tureen, made in 1782, owned by John and Abigail Adams. ...
It has been suggested that hypersonic be merged into this article or section. ...
A specialized dictionary is a dictionary that covers a relatively restricted set of phenomena. ...
A multi-field dictionary is a specialized dictionary that has been designed and compiled to cover the terms within two or more subject fields. ...
A single-field dictionary is a specialized dictionary that has been designed and compiled to cover the terms of one particular subject field. ...
A sub-field dictionary is a specialized dictionary that has been designed and compiled to cover the terms of one (or possibly more) sub-fields of a particular subject field. ...
A dictionary is maximizing if it attempts to include as many words as possible from a particular speech community. ...
A dictionary is minimizing if it attempts to include only a limited selction of words from a particular speech community. ...
An LSP (language for specific purposes) dictionary is a dictionary that is intended to describe a variety of one or more languages used by experts within a particlar subject field. ...
Character dictionaries In East Asian languages, a dictionary form for Han (Chinese) characters has developed, called Kan-wa jiten (literally 'Han-Japanese dictionary') in Japanese and Okpyeon ('Jewel Book') in Korean. Each entry has one Chinese character with information about stroke count and order, readings (pronunciations), and a list of words using that character. æ¼¢å— / æ±‰å— Chinese character in Hà nzì, kanji, hanja, Hán Tá»±. Red in Simplified Chinese. ...
Stroke order refers to the way of writing Chinese characters. ...
These characters are not arbitrary; they are composed of simpler characters, one of which is called the "radical", which indicates its category. The ordering of the characters in the dictionary is by radical, in order of the number of strokes in the radical. Characters using that radical are then ordered by the number of strokes added to the radical. To fit more strokes in a character, radicals can come in simplified variants, which have to be learned; for example, the character for "dog" is altered when it is used as the radical of the character for "cat".
Data dictionaries Data sets and databases collected and utilized for statistical analyses are typically accompanied by, or able to be used to generate, a list of all variable names used within the data set, as well as matters such as their meaning, values, level of measurement, length, decimal allowances, and type (numeric, string, etc.) The term database originated within the computer industry. ...
A graph of a bell curve in a normal distribution showing statistics used in educational assessment, comparing various grading methods. ...
In computer science and mathematics, a variable (sometimes called a pronumeral) is a symbol denoting a quantity or symbolic representation. ...
The level of measurement of a variable in mathematics and statistics is a classification that was proposed in order to describe the nature of information contained within numbers assigned to objects and, therefore, within the variable. ...
Glossaries Another variant is the glossary, an alphabetical list of defined terms in a specialized field, such as medicine or science. The simplest dictionary, a defining dictionary, provides a core glossary of the simplest meanings of the simplest concepts. From these, other concepts can be explained and defined, in particular for those who are first learning a language. In English, the commercial defining dictionaries typically include only one or two meanings of under 2000 words. With these, the rest of English, and even the 4000 most common English idioms and metaphors, can be defined. A glossary is a list of terms with the definitions for those terms. ...
A defining vocabulary is a published, stable, and culturally accepted core glossary specifically used by dictionary publishers to standardize their use of simple words to explain complex words, and culture-specific idioms or metaphors. ...
A core glossary is a simple glossary or defining dictionary which enables definition of other concepts, especially for newcomers to a language or field of study. ...
An idiom is an expression (i. ...
In language, a metaphor (from the Greek: metapherin rhetorical trope) is defined as a direct comparison between two or more seemingly unrelated subjects. ...
Variations between dictionaries
Prescription and description Dictionary makers apply two basic philosophies to the defining of words: prescriptive or descriptive. The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is descriptive, and attempts to describe the actual use of words. Noah Webster, on the other hand, intent on forging a distinct identity for the American language, altered spellings and accentuated differences in meaning and pronunciation of numerous words. This is why American English now uses the spelling "color" while the rest of the world uses "colour". (See American and British English differences.) While disapproved of in the UK, the US spellings are universally understood; likewise the British spellings are not acceptable in America. In linguistics, prescription is the laying down or prescribing of normative rules for the use of a language. ...
The Oxford English Dictionary print set The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is a dictionary published by the Oxford University Press (OUP), and is generally regarded as the most comprehensive and scholarly dictionary of the English language. ...
Noah Webster Noah Webster (October 16, 1758 – April 28, 1843) was an American lexicographer, textbook author, spelling reformer, political writer, and editor. ...
American English or U.S. English (en-US according to RFC 3066) is the diverse form of the English language used mostly in the United States of America. ...
English language spread in the United States. ...
This is one of a series of articles about the differences between American English and British English, which, for the purposes of these articles, are defined as follows: American English (AmE) is the form of English used in the United States. ...
While descriptivists argue that prescriptivism is an unnatural attempt to dictate usage or curtail change, prescriptivists argue that to indiscriminately document "improper" or "inferior" usages sanctions those usages by default and causes language to "deteriorate". Although the debate can become very heated, only a small number of controversial words are usually affected. But the softening of usage notations, from the previous edition, for two words, ain't and regardless, out of over 450,000 in Webster's Third in 1961, was enough to provoke outrage among many with prescriptivist leanings, who branded the dictionary as "permissive." 1888 advertisement for Websters Dictionary Websters Dictionary is a common title given to English language dictionaries in the United States, deriving its name from American lexicographer Noah Webster. ...
1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1961 calendar). ...
The prescriptive/descriptive issue has been given so much consideration in modern times that most dictionaries of English apply the descriptive method to definitions, while additionally informing readers of attitudes which may influence their choices on words often considered vulgar, offensive, erroneous, or easily confused. Merriam-Webster is subtle, only adding italicized notations such as, sometimes offensive or nonstand (nonstandard.) American Heritage goes further, discussing issues separately in numerous "usage notes." Encarta provides similar notes, but is more prescriptive, offering warnings and admonitions against the use of certain words considered by many to be offensive or illiterate, such as, "an offensive term for..." or "a taboo term meaning..." Merriam-Webster, originally known as the G. & C. Merriam Company of Springfield, Massachusetts, is a United States company that publishes reference books, especially dictionaries that are descendants of Noah Websters An American Dictionary of the English Language (1828). ...
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (AHD) is a dictionary of American English published by Boston publisher Houghton-Mifflin, the first edition of which appeared in 1969. ...
The Encarta Websters Dictionary 2004 is the second edition of the Encarta World English Dictionary, originally published in 1999, Ann Soukhanov, editor. ...
Because of the broad use of dictionaries, and their acceptance by many as language authorities, their treatment of the language does affect usage to some degree, even the most descriptive dictionaries providing conservative continuity. In the long run, however, usage primarily determines the meanings of words in English, and the language is being changed and created every day. As Jorge Luis Borges says in the prologue to "El otro, el mismo": "It is often forgotten that (dictionaries) are artificial repositories, put together well after the languages they define. The roots of language are irrational and of a magical nature." Jorge Luis Borges (August 24, 1899 – June 14, 1986), was an Argentine writer who is considered one of the foremost literary figures of the 20th century. ...
Other variations Since words and their meanings develop over time, dictionary entries are organized to reflect these changes. Dictionaries may either list meanings in the historical order in which they appeared, or may list meanings in order of popularity and most common use.
Dictionaries also differ in the degree to which they are encyclopedic, providing considerable background information, illustrations, and the like, or linguistic, concentrating on etymology, nuances of meaning, and quotations demonstrating usage.
Any dictionary has been designed to fulfil one or more functions. The dictionary functions chosen by the maker(s) of the dictionary provide the basis for all lexicographic decisions, from the selection of entry words, over the choice of information types, to the choice of place for the information (e.g. in an article or in an appendix). There are two main types of function. The communication-oriented functions comprise text reception (understanding), text production, text revision, and translation. The knowledge-oriented functions deal with situations where the dictionary is used for acquiring specific knowledge about a particular matter, and for acquiring general knowledge about something. The optimal dictionary is one that contains information directly relevant for the needs of the users relating to one or more of these functions. It is important that the information is presented in a way that keeps the lexicographic information costs at a minimum. Lexicographic information cost is a new concept within the field of lexicography. ...
History The art and craft of writing dictionaries is called lexicography. Lexicography is either of two things Practical lexicography is the art or craft of writing dictionaries. ...
One of the earliest dictionaries known, and which is still extant today in an abridged form, was written in Latin during the reign of the emperor Augustus. It is known by the title De Significatu Verborum ("On the meaning of words") and was originally compiled by Verrius Flaccus. It was twice abridged in succeeding centuries, first by Sextus Pompeius Festus, and then by Paul the Deacon. Verrius Flaccus' dictionary was an abridged list of difficult or antiquated words, whose usage was illustrated by quotations from early Roman authors. Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ...
Augustus (Latin: IMP•CAESAR•DIVI•F•AVGVSTVS;[1] September 23, 63 BC–August 19, AD 14), known as Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (English Octavian; Latin: C•IVLIVS•C•F•CAESAR•OCTAVIANVS) for the period of his life prior to 27 BC, was the first and among the most important of...
Marcus Verrius Flaccus (c. ...
For the town, see Festus, Missouri. ...
Paul the Deacon (c. ...
The Erya, from the early 3rd century BC, was the first Chinese language dictionary. The book organized Chinese characters by semantic groups. The intention of this dictionary was to explain the true meaning and interpretation of words in the context of older ancient texts. The Erya (爾雅) is a Chinese dictionary from before the first century. ...
(2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) The 3rd century BC started on January 1, 300 BC and ended on December 31, 201 BC. // Events The Pyramid of the Moon, one of several monuments built in Teotihuacán Teotihuacán, Mexico begun The first two Punic Wars between Carthage...
Chinese (written) language (pinyin: zhōngw n) written in Chinese characters The Chinese language (汉语/漢語, 华语/華語, or 中文; Pinyin: H nyǔ, Hu yǔ, or Zhōngw n) is a member of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. ...
Technical note: Due to technical limitations, some web browsers may not display some special characters in this article. ...
The word "dictionary" comes from neoclassical Latin, diccio, meaning simply "word". Neoclassicism (sometimes rendered as Neo-Classicism or Neo-classicism) is the name given to quite distinct movements in the visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture. ...
Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ...
The first true English dictionary was Robert Cawdrey's Table Alphabeticall of 1604, although it only included 3,000 words and the definitions it contained were little more than synonyms. The first one to be at all comprehensive was Thomas Blount's dictionary Glossographia of 1656. This was followed by Samuel Johnson's famous and more complete dictionary of 1755. Robert Cawdrey (ca. ...
A Table Alphabeticall is the abbreviated title of the first monolingual dictionary in the English language, created by Robert Cawdrey in 1604. ...
Events January 14 – Hampton Court conference with James I of England, the Anglican bishops and representatives of Puritans September 20 – Capture of Ostend by Spanish forces under Ambrosio Spinola after a three year siege. ...
Thomas Blount (1618-1679) was an English antiquarian and lexicographer. ...
// Events Mehmed Köprülü becomes Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire. ...
Samuel Johnson circa 1772, painted by Sir Joshua Reynolds. ...
1755 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
In 1806, Noah Webster's dictionary was published by the G&C Merriam Company of Springfield, Massachusetts which still publishes Merriam-Webster dictionaries, but the term Webster's is considered generic and can be used by any dictionary. 1806 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
1888 advertisement for Websters Dictionary Websters Dictionary is the common title given to English language dictionaries in the United States, derived from American lexicographer Noah Webster. ...
Nickname: City of Homes Settled: 1636 – Incorporated: 1636 Zip Code(s): 01103 01108 01119 01129 – Area Code(s): 413 Official website: http://www. ...
The most complete dictionary of the English language is the Oxford English Dictionary. The first edition was properly begun in 1860 and was completed in 1928, by which time a supplement that took an additional five years to complete was already necessary. The Oxford English Dictionary print set The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is a dictionary published by the Oxford University Press (OUP), and is generally regarded as the most comprehensive and scholarly dictionary of the English language. ...
Also see A Brief History of English Lexicography
Miscellaneous The Irish mathematical physicist, J. L. Synge, created a game, Game of Circ, to emphasize the circular reasoning implicit in the defining process of any standard dictionary. John Lighton Synge (born 23 March 1897 in Dublin, Ireland and died 30 March 1995 in Dublin, Ireland) was an Irish physicist. ...
The Irish mathematical physicist, John Lighton Synge, created the two-person zero-sum game (see Game theory) of Circ to emphasize the circular reasoning which is implicit in the defining process of any standard dictionary. ...
List of major English dictionaries For languages other than modern English, see the article about that language. See also articles such as Japanese dictionaries. Merriam-Webster, originally known as the G. & C. Merriam Company of Springfield, Massachusetts, is a United States company that publishes reference books, especially dictionaries that are descendants of Noah Websters An American Dictionary of the English Language (1828). ...
The Oxford English Dictionary print set The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is a dictionary published by the Oxford University Press (OUP), and is generally regarded as the most comprehensive and scholarly dictionary of the English language. ...
Concise Oxford Dictionary (COD) is probably the best-known smaller Oxford dictionaries. ...
The New Oxford Dictionary of English (often abbreviated to NODE) is an English language dictionary first published in 1998 by the Oxford University Press. ...
The New Oxford American Dictionary (NOAD) is a single-volume dictionary of North American English by the American editors at the Oxford University Press. ...
The Canadian Oxford Dictionary, published by the Oxford University Press Canada, was first released in 1998 and quickly became the standard dictionary reference for Canadian English. ...
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (AHD) is an American dictionary of the English language published by Boston publisher Houghton-Mifflin, the first edition of which appeared in 1969. ...
1888 advertisement for Websters Dictionary Websters Dictionary is the common title given to English language dictionaries in the United States, derived from American lexicographer Noah Webster. ...
Samuel Johnson circa 1772, painted by Sir Joshua Reynolds. ...
A Dictionary of the English Language, one of the most influential dictionaries in the history of the English language, was prepared by Samuel Johnson and published on April 15, 1755. ...
Noah Webster Noah Webster (October 16, 1758 – April 28, 1843) was an American lexicographer, textbook author, spelling reformer, political writer, and editor. ...
1888 advertisement for Websters Dictionary Websters Dictionary is the common title given to English language dictionaries in the United States, derived from American lexicographer Noah Webster. ...
The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia was one of the largest and most highly regarded dictionaries of the English language. ...
Brewers Dictionary of Phrase and Fable - sometimes referred to simply as Brewers - is a reference work containing definitions and explanations of many famous phrases, allusions and figures, whether historical or mythical. ...
Image:Macq4TH 3D NEW.jpg The Macquarie Dictionary, 4th edition. ...
Australian English (AuE) is the form of the English language used in Australia. ...
The ninth edition of the Chambers Dictionary of the English language was published in 2003 by Chambers Harrap. ...
Collins was a Scottish printing company founded by a Presbyterian schoolmaster, William Collins, in Glasgow in 1819, in partnership with Charles Chalmers, the younger brother of Thomas Chalmers, minister of Tron Church, Glasgow. ...
COBUILD, an acronym for Collins Birmingham University International Language Database, is a British research facility set up at the University of Birmingham in 1980 and funded by Collins publishers. ...
Collins was a Scottish printing company founded by a Presbyterian schoolmaster, William Collins, in Glasgow in 1819, in partnership with Charles Chalmers, the younger brother of Thomas Chalmers, minister of Tron Church, Glasgow. ...
Longman is a firm of English publishers. ...
Blacks Law Dictionary, 7th edition Blacks Law Dictionary is the definitive law dictionary for the law of the United States. ...
A law dictionary is a dictionary that is designed and compiled to give information about terms used in the field of law. ...
Compact school and office edition, 1967 Websters New World Dictionary is an American dictionary first published in 1951 and presently published by John Wiley & Sons. ...
Every learner of Japanese and scholar of Japan-related topics will have recourse to using a dictionary on countless occasions throughout his or her career. ...
List of major online English dictionaries - AskOxford The Compact Oxford English Dictionary.
- Bartleby American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language Fourth Edition.
- Cambridge Cambridge Dictionaries Online
- Merriam-Webster The Merriam-Webster dictionary.
- Oxford Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary.
List of major online multilingual translation dictionaries Eurodicautom is the terminology database of the European Union. ...
See also A bilingual dictionary is a dictionary that translates words or phrases from one language to another. ...
Centre for Lexicography ia a centre affiliated with the Aarhus School of Business, Denmark, and was established in 1996. ...
COBUILD, an acronym for Collins Birmingham University International Language Database, is a British research facility set up at the University of Birmingham in 1980 and funded by Collins publishers. ...
In linguistics, a corpus (plural corpora) or text corpus is a large and structured set of texts (now usually electronically stored and processed). ...
Corpus linguistics is the study of language as expressed in samples (corpora) or real world text. ...
DICT is a dictionary network protocol created by the DICT Development Group. ...
Electronic dictionaries )[1] are small handheld computers with integrated reference materials. ...
An encyclopedic dictionary typically includes a large number of short listings discussing a wide of topics. ...
A lexicographic error is an inaccurate entry in a dictionary. ...
Current lexicographical projects require a lot of IT infrastructure to be completed - both hardware and software. ...
Monolingual learners dictionaries are aimed at the advanced learners of a foreign language. ...
A rhyming dictionary is a specialist dictionary designed for use in writing poetry. ...
The word thesaurus is derived from 16th century New Latin, in turn from Latin thesaurus, from ancient Greek thesauros, store-house, treasury. Besides its meaning as a treasury or storehouse, it more commonly means a listing of words with similar, related, or opposite meanings (this new meaning of thesaurus dates...
A translation dictionary (or sometimes translator) is a specialized lexicon designed for giving users rough equivalences of words and phrase equivalences between two distinct languages. ...
There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ...
References - Manual of Specialised Lexicography, Henning Bergenholtz/Sven Tarp (eds.), Benjamins Publishing, 1995
- Diction and Stylistics of the 21st century, Darwin, Charles Schickelgruber Maxis (ed.), Jackson Publishing, 2001
- The Bilingual LSP Dictionary, Sandro Nielsen, Gunter Narr Verlag 1994
- Dictionaries, The Art and Craft of Lexicography, Sidney I. Landau, Simon & Schuster, 1998, hardcover, ISBN 0-684-18096-0
- The Professor and the Madman, A Tale of Murder, Insanity, and the Making of the Oxford English Dictionary, Simon Winchester, HarperPerennial, New York, 1998, trade paperback, ISBN 0-06-017596-6. (published in the UK as The Surgeon of Crowthorne)
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