The Ontario Academic Credit (OAC) is part of the curriculum(s) codified by the Ontario Ministry of Education in Ontario Schools:  Intermediate and Senior (OS:IS, oh-sis) and its revisions. In common parlance, the term is used to describe the fifth high school year (also known as Grade 13) that used to exist in the province of Ontario, Canada. It can also refer to the courses offered at the OAC level, or the high school credits that are associated with these courses. Finally, it can refer, rather vaguely, to students who were in their OAC year (OACs). Ontario Academic Credits and its related curriculum have been phased out and were last offered for the 2002-2003 school year. Japanese high school students in uniform High school, or Secondary school, is the last segment of compulsory education in Australia, Canada, China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Singapore and the United States. ... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Other Canadian provinces and territories Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Lieutenant Governor James K. Bartleman Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Area 1,076,395 km² (4th)  - Land 917,741 km²  - Water 158,654 km² (14. ... The word course has several meanings: course is the direction of travel in navigation in sailing, a course is the principal sail on a mast course is a regime of study in education course is a regime of medical drugs course is a layer of material This is a disambiguation... There are several variations of the meaning of the word credit, but they all relate to the central concepts of approval, praise, value, or confidence. ...

Ontario Academic Credit year

OAC year (Grade 13) was the final year of high school in Ontario for students under OS:IS. Students were not required to complete that year in order to receive the Ontario Secondary School Diploma (OSSD); many students graduated after Grade 12. OAC credits were a university requirement, however, so those wishing to reach that level stayed on to complete those courses. Japanese high school students in uniform High school, or Secondary school, is the last segment of compulsory education in Australia, Canada, China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Singapore and the United States. ... A university is an institution of higher education and of research, which grants academic degrees. ...

Prior to the introduction of OAC for the 1984-1985 school year, Ontario had 13 grades. There were two high school diplomas in Ontario, the Secondary School Graduation Diploma (SSGD) which was awarded after Grade 12 and the Secondary School Honours Graduation Diploma (SSHGD) awarded after Grade 13. The "Grade 13 diploma" was recognised in some jurisdictions as being the equivalent of first-year university and having it would enable some students to apply directly for entry into second-year at Canadian universities outside of Ontario. This practice ended with the replacement of the SSHGD with the OSSD of OS:IS. A diploma (from Greek diploma) is a document issued by an educational institution, such as a university, that is one of the following: A certificate testifying that the recipient has successfully completed a particular course of study, A deed conferring an academic degree. ...

OS:IS more formally allowed for the completion of schooling after only 12 grades, where previously, this had been an exceptional circumstance.

Ontario Academic Credit courses

OAC courses had course codes ending in "OA" (e.g., ENG OA was OAC English) and were the highest level courses in Ontario high schools until the formal elimination of the Ontario Academic Credit. To enter university, students were required to complete 30 high school credits (courses can have different credit values, but most courses were worth 1 credit; some courses were compulsory and there were other restrictions), 6 of which had to be at the OAC level. Assuming that one had taken the necessary prerequisite courses, one could complete OAC courses before the OAC year, thus in many schools, it was common for Grade 11 or Grade 12 students to take OAC courses. Students who completed these requirements in 4 years of high school were permitted to graduate; this practice was known as fast-tracking. However, most students chose to stay in high school the extra year.

Ontario universities looked at a prospective matriculant's "top-six" (the six OAC courses taken with the highest grades) and averaged them. If one's "top-six" average was above a university's "cut-off" (the lowest average they would be willing to accept for that year), one would be admitted. It should be noted that most university programmes had certain course requirements (e.g., humanities programmes typically required at least OAC English; science programmes typically required, in addition to OAC English, a combination of OAC Algebra, OAC Calculus, OAC Biology, OAC Chemistry, and OAC Physics), thus these courses had to be completed and are considered part of the student's "top-six".

Students with an average of 80% or greater over all OAC courses were named Ontario Scholars.

Secondary school reforms and the "double cohort"

The phasing out of the OAC (Grade 13) year, a part of a series of Secondary School Reforms, was announced by the governing Ontario Progressive Conservative Party soon after their election to office in 1995 under the leadership of Premier Mike Harris. Some suggested motivations for these reforms are to modernize the education system or to save money. The reforms cummulated into a new, standardized curriculum documented in Ontario Secondary Schools, Grades 9 to 12: Program and Diploma Requirements (OSS, oh-es-es). OAC year was replaced with an extra ten days of schooling in each lower grade. Most Ontario universities which had offered three-year Bachelor's programs began to phase those out in favour of four-year Honours degrees. The Ontario Progressive Conservative Party (PC Party of Ontario) is a right-of-centre political party in Ontario, Canada. ... 1995 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Michael Deane Harris (born January 23, 1945, in Toronto, Ontario) was the twenty-second Premier of Ontario from June 26, 1995 to April 15, 2002. ...

The elimination of the OAC year produced a "double-cohort" caused by both the last OAC (OS:IS) class and the first Grade 12 (OSS) class graduating in the same year (the double-cohort year, 2003). This led to more competitive admission standards at most Ontario universities. Some students under OS:IS who feared that they might not be able to gain admission to the university of their choice as a result of the double cohort decided to fast-track to graduate before 2003; a variation of this is where a student under OSS decided to take an extra year of high school to graduate in 2004 or delayed application to post-secondary institutions. 2003 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar, and also: The International Year of Freshwater The European Disability Year Events January January 1 - Luíz Inácio Lula Da Silva becomes the 37th President of Brazil. ...

Informally, OAC is used to refer to the OS:IS curriculum and Grade 12 is used to refer to the OSS curriculum in discussions of the double-cohort.