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Open access publishing is the publication of material in such a way that it is available to all potential users without financial or other barrier. An open access publisher is a publisher producing such material. Many types of material can be published in this manner: scholarly journals, known specifically as open access journals, magazines and newsletters, e-text or other e-books–learned, literary, or recreational), music, fine arts, or any product of intellectual activity. In this context, non-open access distribution is called Toll access, or subscription access Nature. ...
Open access (OA) is the free online availability of digital content. ...
This article is about the magazine as a published medium. ...
An e-text (from electronic text; sometimes written as etext) is, generally, any textual information that is available in a digitally encoded human-readable format and read by electronic means, but more specifically it refers to files in the ASCII character encoding. ...
A user viewing an electronic page on in eBook reading device An e-book (also: eBook, ebook), sometimes called an electronic book, is an electronic (or digital) equivalent of a conventional printed book. ...
manner of distribution
Almost always this material is provided over the Internet, and the appropriate definition of open access then becomes ...without financial or other barrier, other than access to the internet itself." but other forms of distribution are possible. The physical distribution of printed leaflets or newspapers is a form of open access publishing, although such material is only available locally. Similarly, ordinary commercial television and radio broadcasts can be considered such a form. There is a need for receiving equipment, but the necessary radios and televisions are found almost universally.
methods of financing The most basic form of financing is by the individual producer of the material, who can pay for the printing of leaflet or the hosting of material on the Internet. The practicality of this depends on the nature of the material, but even in the past it has always been possibly for the wealthy to purchase the necessary printing services.
An alternative means of financing is through subsidy by a governmental or private institution. Common examples of these are public television, or the PubMed search service of the U.S. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Almost all small and large membership organizations have a newsletter of some sort, which is distributed without charge to the member, in print, electronically, or both. If the potential audience can be considered to be only these members, this can be considered open access; if it is of wider interest it is not, unless available free over the Internet. Medline is a comprehensive literature database of life sciences and biomedical information. ...
The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM), which is a branch of the US National Institutes of Health. ...
Much open access material is supported by advertising, as with Google and similar information providers. Google, Inc. ...
With respect to scholarly materials, there is a special arrangement where the production and distribution of the material is financed by the funder of the research being distributed.
open access publishers Open access can be provided by traditionally-organized publishers, or under other arrangements. With respect to scholarly material, some distribution is carried out by locally organized and subsidized publishers; an example is the production of Annals of mathematics, produced and supported by the Princeton University Department of Mathematics and the Institute for Advanced Study. Princeton University is a coeducational private university located in Princeton, New Jersey in the United States of America. ...
Fuld Hall The Institute for Advanced Study is a private institution in Princeton Township, New Jersey, U.S.A. (although it is not part of Princeton University), designed to foster pure cutting-edge research by scientists in a variety of fields without the complications of teaching or funding, or the...
More normally it is a specialized publisher. Some open access publishers publish only open access material, such as PLoS; some publish open access journals as well as subscription-based material, such as BioMed Central (BMC). The Public Library of Science (PLoS) is a nonprofit open access scientific publishing project aimed at creating a library of scientific journals and other scientific literature under an open content license. ...
BioMed Central (BMC) is a UK-based scientific publisher specializing in open access publication. ...
The term has also been used in a wider sense, to include publishers of Hybrid open access journals, which provide open access only for some article, those for which payment is made on behalf of the author. It can similarly be used for publishers of Delayed open access journals, in which the articles are open access only after a period of embargo. A newly popular variation on open access journals is the Hybrid Open Access Journal. ...
Delayed open access is a form of open access journal in which the free availability of the content is delayed for several month, with the immediate availability being limited to subscribers. ...
This article is about the economic term. ...
Even more loosely, the term is also used to describe publishers that permit or encourage authors archiving of their work,
Partial list of open access publishers
publishers of true open access journals The Public Library of Science (PLoS) is a nonprofit open access scientific publishing project aimed at creating a library of scientific journals and other scientific literature under an open content license. ...
Hindawi is the first ever complete suite of open-source programming languages for Indian vernaculars. ...
BioMed Central (BMC) is a UK-based scientific publisher specializing in open access publication. ...
MedKnow (Medical Knowledge) Publications is the largest publisher in India for academic and scientific medical journals. ...
(IPA: ; ) is a state on the Malabar Coast of southwestern India. ...
publishers of hybrid open access journals - Springer (Offers open access as an option in all its 1200+ journals)
For a fuller list, see: Hybrid open access journals Springer is the name of several places in the United States: Springer, New Mexico Springer Township, North Dakota Springer, Oklahoma Springer is the name of: Springer Science+Business Media, a worldwide publishing group based in Germany (including Springer-Verlag) Axel Springer Verlag AG, famous conservative German publishing house Springer (EP...
A newly popular variation on open access journals is the Hybrid Open Access Journal. ...
References - Esanu,Julie M. & Uhlir, Paul F. (2004) Open Access and the Public Domain in Digital Data and Information for Science:Proceedings of an International Symposium
- Willinsky, John The Access Principle (2006)
Lawrence Lessig Lawrence Lessig (born June 3, 1961) is an American academic. ...
See also: Open access (OA) is the free online availability of digital content. ...
Open publishing is a process of creating news or other content that is transparent to the readers. ...
Version 2 of Some Rights Reserved logo No Rights reserved logo The Creative Commons (CC) is a non-profit organization devoted to expanding the range of creative work available for others legally to build upon and share. ...
This article is concerned with the production of books, magazines, and other literary material (whether in printed or electronic formats). ...
Nature. ...
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