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Open source hardware refers to computer and electronic hardware that is designed in the same fashion as free and open-source software. Open source hardware is part of the open source culture that takes the open source ideas to fields other than software. An example of this is the Simputer project. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Open Design is a term that applies to the investigation and potential of open source and the collaborative nature of the internet to create physical objects. ... Clockwise from top: The logo of the GNU Project (the GNU head), the Linux kernel mascot Tux the Penguin, and the FreeBSD daemon Free software is a term coined by Richard Stallman and the Free Software Foundation[1] to refer to software that can be used, studied, and modified without... Open source software is computer software whose source code is available under a license (or arrangement such as the public domain) that permits users to study, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified form. ... Computer software (or simply software) refers to one or more computer programs and data held in the storage of a computer for some purpose. ... Open source culture (OSC) is a term that derives from open source software and the open source movement. ... The Simputer is a self-contained, handheld computer, designed for use in environments where computing devices such as Personal Computers are deemed inappropriate. ...

Some of the impetus for the development of open source hardware was initiated in 2002 through the Challenge to Silicon Valley issued by Kofi Annan [1]. Because the nature of hardware is different than software, and because the concept of open source hardware is relatively new, no exact definition of open source hardware has emerged. In November 2002 Kofi Annan issued a Challenge to Silicon Valley to create suitable systems at prices low enough to permit deployment everywhere, whether through international aid programs, NGO charity, or microcredit support. ... Kofi Atta Annan (born April 8, 1938) is a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1, 1997 to January 1, 2007, serving two five-year terms. ...

Because hardware has direct variable costs associated with it, no open source software definition can directly be applied without modification. Instead, the term open source hardware has primarily been used to reflect the use of free/open source software with the hardware and the free release of information regarding the hardware, often including the release of schematics, design, sizes and other information about the hardware. In anyway, it includes the hardware design and element distribution on the motherboard (i.e. a notebook where one can replace elements). The ASCII codes for the word Wikipedia represented in binary, the numeral system most commonly used for encoding computer information. ... An ultraportable IBM X31 with 12 screen on an IBM T43 Thin & Light laptop with a 14 screen QWERTY keyboard on 2007 Sony Vaio laptop A laptop computer, or simply laptop (also notebook computer or notebook), is a small mobile computer, which usually weighs 2-18 pounds (1-6 kilograms...

With the rise of reconfigurable logic devices, the sharing of logic designs is also a form of open source hardware. Instead of sharing the schematics, HDL code is shared. This is different from free/open source software. HDL descriptions are commonly used to set up SoC systems either in FPGAs or directly in ASIC designs. HDL modules, when distributed, are called semiconductor intellectual property cores, or IP cores. A programmable logic device or PLD is an electronic component used to build digital circuits. ... In electronics, a hardware description language or HDL is any language from a class of computer languages for formal description of electronic circuits. ... System-on-a-chip (SoC or SOC) is an idea of integrating all components of a computer system into a single chip. ... An Altera Stratix II GX FPGA. A field-programmable gate array is a semiconductor device containing programmable logic components called logic blocks, and programmable interconnects. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... In electronic design a semiconductor intellectual property core, IP block, or IP core is a reusable unit of logic, cell, or chip layout design and is also the property of one party. ...

Notable projects and collections

Network reconfigurable cameras

• Elphel, Inc. - Imaging Solutions with Free Software and Open Hardware

Elphel, Inc. develop and manufacture network reconfigurable cameras based on GNU/Linux & reconfigurable FPGA. All the code is FreeSoftware and all PCB layouts, socket diagrams and FPGA Verilog sources are available under GNU/GPL license.

For technical information go to Elphel's wiki.

3D Printers

• The RepRap Project: An open source, self-replicating 3D printer
  • The Clanking Replicator Project: An open source, self-replicating 3D printer - RepRap variant
• Fab@Home - An open source Desktop manufacturing system

RepRap 0. ... Three dimensional printing (more commonly referred to the abbreviation 3DP) is a type of rapid prototyping system developed by MIT in the late 1980s. ... Three dimensional printing (more commonly referred to the abbreviation 3DP) is a type of rapid prototyping system developed by MIT in the late 1980s. ... Desktop manufacturing or personal fabrication is the use of a personal computer to drive a printer that deposits (or catalyses) material in layers to form three-dimensional objects. ...

Computers and Computer Components

Designing the CPU itself

• OpenSPARC is a project with an already created UltraSPARC T1 multicore chip by Sun Microsystems. As of August 2007 a T2 chip is also in the pipeline Sun's OpenSPARC
• OpenRISC is a group of developers working to produce a very high performance open source RISC CPU.
• LEON is an open source 32-bit SPARC-like CPU created by the ESA. It's the standard cpu for the european space industrie
• F-CPU, Freedom CPU project initiated in mid-1998. ^{[1] [2]}

OpenSPARC is an open source hardware project started in December 2005. ... Sun Microsystems, Inc. ... OpenRISC is an open source hardware RISC CPU design by OpenCores released under the GNU Lesser General Public License. ... Open source refers to projects that are open to the public and which draw on other projects that are freely available to the general public. ... Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC), is a microprocessor CPU design philosophy that favors a smaller and simpler set of instructions that all take about the same amount of time to execute. ... Die of an Intel 80486DX2 microprocessor (actual size: 12×6. ... Leon or Léon or León may refer to: // Léon, Landes, a commune of the Landes département, France Léon (viscounty), Brittany, France Léon (diocese), Brittany, France Greek: , two sites: a point on the south coast of Crete, now called Liondas. ...

designs that include a CPU

• Arduino is an open-source physical computing platform based on a simple I/O board and a development environment that implements the open source Processing / Wiring language.
• Open OEM - Project to build the first open source computer [2]
• OpenBook - tablet design positioning between $100 laptop and consumer Tablet PC which wants allow tablet usage to masses by high volume production
• Simputer - handheld computer aimed at developing countries
• Open Graphics Project aims to design an open architecture and standard for graphics cards.
• BalloonBoard.org produces open arm-based development boards, aimed at OEMs and Further Education.
• ECB AT91 - Single-board computer based on the Atmel AT91RM9200 ARM9 processor (180 MHz).
• PLAICE - The PLAICE is an open source hardware and software project developing a powerful in-circuit development tool that combines in one device the features of a FLASH Programmer, Memory Emulator, and High Speed Multi-Channel Logic Analyzer. It runs uClinux.
• OpenPCD - Open RFID reader/writer project, using AT91SAM7S128 microcontroller. [3]
• SquidBee - Open Mote based in Arduino for developing Sensor Networks. [4]

Arduino is an open source hardware physical computing platform based on a simple I/O board and a development environment that implements the Processing/Wiring language. ... Processing is an open source project initiated by Casey Reas and Benjamin Fry, formerly of the Aesthetics and Computation Group at the MIT Media Lab. ... OpenBook is an open source hardware and software project which goal is to start a light tablet movement by designing a computer tablet that suits most users needs and design an all-round (probably Linux powered) tablet. ... The $100 laptop is an education project for creating an inexpensive laptop computer intended to provide every child in the world access to knowledge and modern forms of education. ... A Tablet PC is a notebook- or slate-shaped mobile computer. ... The Simputer is a self-contained, handheld computer, designed for use in environments where computing devices such as Personal Computers are deemed inappropriate. ... Open Graphics Development board artwork The Open Graphics Project (OGP) aims to design an open architecture and standard for graphics cards, primarily targeting open source operating systems. ... ECB AT91 SBC computer ECB_AT91 is a small (open hardware) SBC (Single-board computer) based on the ARM9 processor (180MHz). ... A 486/Pentium SBC with power supply and flatscreen Close up of SBC Single-board computers (SBCs) are complete computers built on a single circuit board. ... Binomial name Pleuronectes platessa Plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) are an abundant and commercially important flatfish occurring on the sandy bottoms of the European shelf. ...

Organisations

• Open Hardware (OH) is a project in which hardware designers share their work by disclosing the schematics and software (drivers) used in their designs. Open hardware designers meet, discuss what they are doing and ask each other for assistance in finding parts, or seek ideas to solve design problems. OH is also an opportunity to exhibit designs, so some may learn from what others have done.
• OpenCores is a foundation that attempts to form a community of designers to support open-source cores (logic designs) for CPUs, peripherals and other devices. OpenCores maintains an open-source on-chip interconnection bus specification called Wishbone.

Hardware Design, or computer hardware design, is integral to how a computer operates. ... A schematic of the Washington Metro. ... Computer software (or simply software) refers to one or more computer programs and data held in the storage of a computer for some purpose. ... Windows XP loading drivers during a Safe Mode bootup A device driver, or a software driver is a specific type of computer software, typically developed to allow interaction with hardware devices. ... Designer is a broad term for a person who designs any of a variety of things. ... OpenCores is a loose community of people who are interested in developing open source hardware (digital hardware) through electronic design automation, with a similar ethos to the free software movement. ... A charitable foundation is a legal categorization of nonprofit organizations that either donate funds and support to other organizations, or provide the sole source of funding for their own activities. ... The Wishbone Bus is an open source hardware computer bus intended to let the parts of an integrated circuit communicate with each other. ...

Telephones

• Opencellphone.org - also called 'TuxPhone'
• OpenMoko - open phone framework (first use case: FIC neo1973, expected in Q4, 2007)

The TuxPhone is an open-source mobile phone that is currently in the prototype stage. ... OpenMoko is a project to create a smartphone platform using free software. ... First International Computer, Inc. ...

Vehicles

• c,mm,n: c, mm,n is a Dutch project to design an environmental friendly car using open source principles.
• OScar (open source car): OScar is the first attempt to design an entire car using open source principles.
• Open Source Velomobile Development Project: build your own velomobile.
• Open Source Green Vehicle ([5]): The Open Source Green Vehicle project is an attempt to design design an environmental friendly SUV using open source principles.
• EVProduction club ([6]) is an organization with a wiki to design and produce open source electric vehicles and complements.

Open source refers to projects that are open to the public and which draw on other projects that are freely available to the general public. ... OScar is the first attempt to design an entire car using open source principles. ... Open source refers to projects that are open to the public and which draw on other projects that are freely available to the general public. ... www. ... This article or section may be confusing or unclear for some readers, and should be edited to rectify this. ... Open source refers to projects that are open to the public and which draw on other projects that are freely available to the general public. ... For battery powered passenger automobiles, see battery electric vehicle. ...

Other Projects

• RONJA - Open source Free Space Optic system, DIY in a garage, 10 Mbit/s full duplex/1.4 km
• Neuros "Open Source Device" an open source set-top box type device designed to serve as a low cost Linux "media center"
• Chumby - 'Glancable' information device
• OpenStim: The Open Noninvasive Brain Stimulator
• gEDA - full GPL'd suite of Electronic Design Automation tools.
• OpenEEG - creating a low cost EEG device and free software to go with it. [7], [8]
• Open-rTMS - creating a low cost rTMS device and free software to go with it. [9]
• Daisy - An open source MP3 player [10]
• OSMC - An open source Motor Control project, meant primarily for robotics but applicable to low-power electric vehicles and other uses [11]
• Monome 40h - A reconfigurable grid of sixty-four backlit buttons, used via USB. A limited batch of 500 monome 40h has been produced. All the design process, design specifications, firmware and PCB schematics are available online [12]
• SHPEGS - Open source Solar Heat Pump Electrical Generation System
• Pandemic Ventilator Project - Open source ventilator for use during a flu pandemic
• GP2X an open-source, Linux-based handheld video game console and media player created and sold by GamePark Holdings of South Korea.

Ronja device installed on a balcony. ... Neuros Technology is a Chicago-based company that produces a number of audio and video devices with the brand name Neuros. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... The gEDA project is a free, open-source, collaborative software project aiming to produce a full GPL’d suite of electronic design automation tools. ... The GNU logo For other uses of GPL, see GPL (disambiguation). ... EEG can mean: Electroencephalography - the method and science of recording and interpreting traces of brain electrical activity as recorded from the skull surface or the device used to record such traces Emperor Entertainment Group - A Hong Kong entertainment company. ... Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is the use of powerful rapidly changing magnetic fields to induce electric fields in the brain by electromagnetic induction without the need for surgery or external electrodes. ... The Daisy MP3 player was created by Raphael Abrams. ... Robotics is the science and technology of robots, their design, manufacture, and application. ... The Monome is an 8 by 8 grid of backlit buttons, which connects to a PC using a USB cable and the OpenSound Control protocol. ... Solar Heat Pump Electrical Generation System is a concept researched and developed as an open design project. ... The Pandemic Ventilator Project [1] is an open source hardware project aiming to construct a ventilator designed for use in a flu pandemic that can be rapidly assembled from standard materials. ... The GP2X is an open-source, Linux-based handheld video game console and media player created and sold by GamePark Holdings of South Korea. ... GamePark Holdings is a Korean company responsible for creating the GP2X that was founded by former employees of the game maker GamePark. ...

References

• Free Hardware Design - Past, Present, Future by Graham Seaman

See also

• Open source
• Open source software
• Free software
• Open design - open-source physical design with a wider focus
• Open content
• Free content
• Electronic design automation
• Lee Felsenstein, founder of the Homebrew Computer Club, based on Ivan Illich's Tools for Conviviality

Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Open source refers to projects that are open to the public and which draw on other projects that are freely available to the general public. ... ... Clockwise from top: The logo of the GNU Project (the GNU head), the Linux kernel mascot Tux the Penguin, and the FreeBSD daemon Free software is a term coined by Richard Stallman and the Free Software Foundation[1] to refer to software that can be used, studied, and modified without... Open Design is a term that applies to the investigation and potential of open source and the collaborative nature of the internet to create physical objects. ... Open content, coined by analogy with open source, (though technically it is actually share-alike) describes any kind of creative work including articles, pictures, audio, and video that is published in a format that explicitly allows the copying of the information. ... Free content is any kind of functional work, artwork, or other creative content upon which no legal restriction has been placed that significantly interferes with peoples freedom to use, understand, redistribute, improve, and share the content. ... PCB Layout Program Electronic design automation (EDA) is the category of tools for designing and producing electronic systems ranging from printed circuit boards (PCBs) to integrated circuits. ... Lee Felsenstein (born 1945 in Philadelphia) is a computer engineer who was the designer of the Osborne 1, the first portable computer. ... The Homebrew Computer Club was an early computer hobbyist club in Silicon Valley, which met (under that name) from March 1975 to roughly 1977. ... Ivan Illich Ivan Illich (Vienna, September 4, 1926 - Bremen, December 2, 2002) was a Croatian development critic. ...

External links

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• Richard Stallman's thoughts on free hardware.
• VLSItoday: Can the open source development model applied to hardware design ?
• Open hardware Wikia.
• Openhardware.net
• Open Directory: Computers: Hardware: Open Source
• The open-source Electroencephalography project
• Openhardware's Kernel Accelerator Device
• Debian Open Hardware at Open Collector
• Embedded Linux/Microcontroller Project
• OpenCores
• OpenBook Project - open hardware and open software tablet project
• Freedom CPU
• Gaisler research
• Sun's OpenSPARC
• DebianWiki page about Open hardware.
• Open-source fusor research
• Open Circuits wiki
• Open dildonics wiki
• open source LEON2 processor
• ThinkCycle
• Wired:Open Source Everywhere
• Open Hardware
• Open Hardware (Russian)
• Neuros Open Source Approach to Hardware... Newsforge
• Homebrew and How the Apple Came to Be by Stephen Wozniak
• Simply RISC S1 Core (EETimes article)
• OpenTech - compiling open hardware designs and free design tools to one package for hardware designers.
• The Open Prosthetics Project- A Prosthetics designed with open source principles.
• The Open Source Gift Guide: Open source hardware, software, and more for the holidays!
• Open Hardware Foundation