Fall Blau (Case Blue in German) was the German code name for two WWII studies in future combat.
The first, dating from 1938, was a study by the Luftwaffe on attacks against England, which later evolved into Planstudie 1939 on aerial warfare as a whole.
The second, from 1942, was one of three operational plans detailing the offensive operations on the Eastern Front for the German summer offensive, leading eventually to the Battle of Stalingrad. Fall Blau covered the northern regions of the operation near Voronezh, while Maus detailed the attacks into the Caucasus, and Siegfried the attack on Stalingrad and the Volga. Fall Blau was often used to describe the entire operational plan as well, and has generally been used this way in historical studies.
The operation was one of the biggest military evacuations in history, as 338,000 British and French troops were transported across the English Channel on warships and civilian boats.
Operation Torch was launched by the U.S., British and Free French forces on November 8, 1942, to gain control of North Africa through simultaneous landings at Casablanca, Oran and Algiers, followed a few days later by a landing at Bône, the gateway to Tunisia.
After the landings of Operation Torch, the remainder of Vichy territories in Africa came under the control of the Allies.
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