The name is that given in Scripture for Mount Sinai, now the modern range called the Jebel Musa ("Mount of Moses in Arabic) where the Jews encamped for a year (Exodus 3:1 and Psalms 106:19).
The goal of the operation was to liberate the entire Negev from Egyptian presence, destroy the Egyptian threat on Israel's southern communities and force the Egptyian into a cease-fire after all the Negev is liberated.
The operation was a huge success, and Israeli deep raids into the Nitzana and Sinai peninsula forced the Egyptian army to withdraw and accept cease-fire. Israeli withdrew from Sinai and Gaza under international pressure.
Operation Assaf was an Israel Defense Forces (IDF) operation against the Egyptian Army between December 5 - December 7, 1948 during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.
It was a small operation, executed between two larger operations in that theatre, Operation Yoav and OperationHorev.
The operation was carried out mainly with Golani Brigade's Gideon Battalion infantry forces, for whom this was the first operation in southern Israel or in flat desert terrain (Golani was normally stationed in the lush and hilly Upper Galilee region, near the Golan Heights for which it is named).