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Encyclopedia > Operation Medak Pocket
Operation Medak Pocket
Part of the Croatian War of Independence

The Croatian advance during Operation Medak Pocket
Date September 9 – September 17, 1993
Location Near the village of Medak, Croatia
Result Stalemate
Combatants

Croatia

UNPROFOR:
Flag of Canada - Canadian PPCLI
- French armour units

Republic of Serbian Krajina
Commanders
Janko Bobetko,
Petar Stipetić
Rahim Ademi		 Colonel Jim Calvin Mile Novaković
Strength
Over 2,500 soldiers,
T-72 tanks,
Large numbers of artillery		 875 members of the 2nd Battalion Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry (PPCLI)  ?
Casualties
27 killed and wounded
(estimate) [1]		 Four Canadians wounded 38 Serbs killed, (29 civilians)
50+ wounded
Croatian War of Independence
Plitvice Lakes – Borovo Selo – Dalmatia – Vukovar (Battle, Massacre) – The Barracks – Dubrovnik – Lovas – Široka Kula – Gospić – Saborsko – Baćin – Otkos 10 – Škabrnja – Orkan 91 – Voćin – Miljevci – Maslenica – Medak Pocket – Flash – Zagreb – Summer '95 – Storm

Operation Medak Pocket (Croatian: Medački džep) was a military operation undertaken by the Croatian Army between September 9 – September 17, 1993 in which a salient around the small village of Medak in the south-central Lika region of Croatia, then under the control of the self-proclaimed Republic of Serbian Krajina, was attacked by Croatian forces. Combatants Croatian Army Paramilitary organisations Republic of Serb Krajina Army Yugoslav Peoples Army Bosnian Serb Army Republic of Serbia Paramilitary organisations Commanders Franjo TuÄ‘man (President of Croatia) Anton Tus (Chief of Staff of Croatian Army 1991-1992) Janko Bobetko (Chief of Staff of Croatian Army 1992-1995) Atif... Image File history File links Medak_pocket_battle_map. ... is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 260th day of the year (261st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Croatia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Nations. ... Pocket badge of the UNPROFOR The United Nations Protection Force, UNPROFOR, were the primary UN peacekeeping troops in Croatia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Yugoslav wars. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Princess Patricias Canadian Light Infantry (PPCLI) is an infantry regiment in the Canadian Forces (CF), belonging to 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group (1 CMBG). ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 786 × 385 pixelsFull resolution (786 × 385 pixel, file size: 53 KB, MIME type: image/png) Flag of the Republic of Serbian Krajina Flag of the Republic of Serbian Krajina. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Janko Bobetko (1919 - 2003) was a Croatian army general and the Croatian armys Chief of the General Staff between 1992 and 1995. ... The T-72 is a Soviet-designed main battle tank that entered production in 1971. ... Princess Patricias Canadian Light Infantry (PPCLI) is an infantry regiment in the Canadian Forces (CF), belonging to 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group (1 CMBG). ... Combatants Croatian Army Paramilitary organisations Republic of Serb Krajina Army Yugoslav Peoples Army Bosnian Serb Army Republic of Serbia Paramilitary organisations Commanders Franjo TuÄ‘man (President of Croatia) Anton Tus (Chief of Staff of Croatian Army 1991-1992) Janko Bobetko (Chief of Staff of Croatian Army 1992-1995) Atif... The Plitvice Lakes incident of March 1991 (known in Croatian as Plitvice Bloody Easter, Krvavi Uskrs na Plitvicama / Plitvički Krvavi Uskrs) was a clash between security forces of the Republic of Croatia and armed Serb separatists. ... The Borovo Selo killings of 2 May 1991 (known in Croatia as the Borovo Selo massacre, Croatian:Pokolj u Borovom Selu and in Serbia as the Borovo Selo incident, Serbian: Инцидент у Боровом Селу) were one of the bloodiest incidents in the early stages of the breakup of Yugoslavia. ... Combatants Yugoslavia (JNA) Local Serb forces Croatia (HV, police forces, HOS) Commanders Colonel Ratko Mladić (JNA) Strength JNA 9th Corps (Knin): 63 tanks 45 APCs Other units 6th Operational Zone (Several infantry brigades) Map showing the location of Dalmatia, in present day Croatia Battle of Dalmatia (Croatian: Bitka za Dalmaciju... Combatants Yugoslav Peoples Army Serbian paramilitaries Local Serb militias Croatian National Guard Croatian police and militias Croatian Defence Forces (HOS) Commanders Mladen Bratić† Života Panić Blago Zadro† Mile Dedaković Branko Borković Strength Up to 36,000, depending on the phase of the battle Some 2,000 (in Vukovar) Casualties... The Vukovar massacre was a war crime that took place between November 18 and November 21, 1991 near the city of Vukovar, a mixed Croat/Serb community in northeastern Croatia. ... Combatants Croatian Army (HV) Yugoslav Army (JNA) Commanders Anton Tus (Chief of Staff of Croatian Army 1991-1992) Various local commanders Veljko Kadijević (Chief of Staff of Yugoslav Peoples Army) Various local commanders Strength  ?  ? Casualties At least 15 dead  ? At least: 250 tanks, 180 Armoured personnel carriers, 100 Self... Combatants Yugoslav Army (JNA), Montenegro Territorial Defence Forces Croatian Army (HV) Commanders Veljko Kadijević (Chief of Staff of Yugoslav Peoples Army) Anton Tus (Chief of Staff of Croatian Army 1991-1992) Janko Bobetko (from 1992) Strength Between 7,500 and 20,000 men [1] Up to 2,000 soldiers... Lovas on the map of Croatia Lovas is a village and seat of municipality in the Vukovar-Srijem county of eastern Croatia, located on the slopes of FruÅ¡ka Gora, a few kilometers south of the main road connecting Vukovar with Ilok. ... The Å iroka Kula massacre was a war crime [1] committed by Croatian Serbs forces on October 13, 1991 (the biggest part of it), during Croatian War of Independence, in a village of Å iroka Kula, located 11 km from Gospić and 3 km from Lički Osik. ... The Gospić massacre was an incident that took place between 16 October-18 October 1991 in the town of Gospić, a mixed Serb/Croat community in the district of Lika in Croatia. ... A monument to victims of massacre in Saborsko One of the identified mass-graves in Saborsko The Saborskom massacre was a war crime [1] committed by Serb-led JNA (mostly consisted of Serbs) and rebel Serbs militia Militia of Republic of Serb Krajina (from neighbouring PlaÅ¡ki [2]) on October... Hrvatska Dubica on the map of Croatia Hrvatska Dubica is a village and a municipality in central Croatia in the Sisak-Moslavina county. ... After the attacking forces of the 5th Yugoslav Peoples Army (JNA) corps (Banja Luka corps) had successfully crossed Sava river into Croatia captured Okučani in western Slavonia it was their primary objective to advance along Pakrac - GrubiÅ¡no Polje route and link up with th 28th partisan division... According to the census of 1991, Å kabrnja was inhabited by 1,953 people in 397 households, and the vast majority of them were Croats, there wasnt a single Serb resident. ... After successful completion of Operation Otkos 10, the first offensive operation of such scale by Croatian army in the homeland war, Croatian troops were in position to retake further territory and neutralize a number of serbian held military positions and fortifications. ... Voćin massacre was a massacre of between 45 and 55 Croatian civilians [1] in the village of Voćin, perpetuated by Serb paramilitary units in December 1991 during the Croatian War of Independence. ... On June 21, 1992, the Croatian army attacked the Serbian Territorial Defense on the Miljevci Plateau near Drnis in front of the eyes of UN peacekeeping force (UNPROFOR). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Combatants Croatia Republic of Serbian Krajina Commanders Croatian Military Command Strength 7,200 soldiers 5000 soldiers Casualties 55 killed, 162 wounded 250 killed, 1,500 POW Operation Flash (Croatian: ) was a brief and successful offensive conducted in the beginning of May 1995 by the the Croatian Army, which removed Serb... The Zagreb rocket attack was a war crime conducted by Serb armed forces that fired ground-to-ground missiles on the Croatian capital of Zagreb. ... Combatants Croatia (HV, HVO) Republika Srpska (VRS) Commanders General Ante Gotovina (HV) Strength Two HV Guard Brigades (4th Motorized, 7th Mechanized) Two HVO Guard Brigades (1st, 3rd Motorized) Other units Units of the 2nd Krajina Corps of the VRS (3 motorized brigades, 5 infantry brigades, 5 light brigades and support... Combatants Croatia (HV) Bosnia and Herzegovina (ABiH) Republic of Serbian Krajina (VSK) Republika Srpska (VRS) Commanders Zvonimir ÄŒervenko (HV) Atif Dudakovic (ABiH) Mile MrkÅ¡ić (VSK) Strength 150,000 soldiers, 350 tanks, 400 artillery pieces, 50 rocket launchers, 50 aircraft and helicopters 40,000 soldiers, 150 tanks, 350 artillery pieces... Croatian Ground Army (Croatian: Hrvatska kopnena vojska), commonly referred as Croatian Army (Hrvatska vojska) is a branch of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia. ... is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 260th day of the year (261st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... In military terms, a salient is a battlefield feature that projects into enemy territory. ... Lika is a mountainous region in central Croatia, roughly bound by the Velebit mountain from the southwest and the PljeÅ¡evica mountain from the northeast. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...


The Croatian offensive temporarily succeeded in expelling rebel Serb forces from the pocket after several days of fighting. However, the operation ended in controversy after a skirmish with United Nations peacekeepers and the Croatian forces were accused of having committed serious war crimes against local Serb civilians. Although the outcome of the battle was a tactical victory for the Croatians, it became a serious political liability for the Croatian government and international political pressure forced a withdrawal to the previous ceasefire lines. UN and U.N. redirect here. ... It has been suggested that this article be split into multiple articles accessible from a disambiguation page. ... In the context of war, a war crime is a punishable offense under International Law, for violations of the laws of war by any person or persons, military or civilian. ...

Contents

Background

Location of the Medak Pocket. UN force dispositions are as of early 1995.
Location of the Medak Pocket. UN force dispositions are as of early 1995.
The Croatian advance during Operation Medak Pocket
The Croatian advance during Operation Medak Pocket

Much of the interior of the Lika region of southern Croatia was captured by Krajina Serb(RSK) forces and the Serb-dominated Yugoslav National Army during 1991, as Croatia moved towards independence from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (see History of modern Croatia for more on this period). The region saw heavy fighting throughout the summer and autumn of 1991, during which Croatian Serb rebels established the self-proclaimed (but internationally unrecognised) Republic of Serb Krajina. Almost all of the Croatian population in the Serb-held area was killed, expelled or forced to seek refuge in government held areas). Serbs continued shelling major Croatian cities of Zadar and Sibenik throughout the year from their positions killing hundreds of civilians. Serious human rights violations were also perpetrated against Serbs in the Croatian government-held parts of the region, most notably the Gospić massacre of October 1991. A ceasefire was agreed following the fall of the town of Vukovar at the end of the Battle of Vukovar in November 1991 and a United Nations peacekeeping force (UNPROFOR) was inserted to police the armistice lines. Image File history File links Medak_pocket_95_map. ... Image File history File links Medak_pocket_95_map. ... Image File history File links Medak_pocket_battle_map. ... Image File history File links Medak_pocket_battle_map. ... Lika is a mountainous region in central Croatia, roughly bound by the Velebit mountain from the southwest and the PljeÅ¡evica mountain from the northeast. ... The Yugoslav Peoples Army (Jugoslavenska/Jugoslovenska narodna armija, JNA, Slovene Jugoslovanska ljudska armada, JLA) was the army of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia prior to its dissolution. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ... Motto Brotherhood and Unity Anthem Hey, Slavs Capital Belgrade Language(s) Serbo-Croatian (spoken throughout the territory), Slovenian, Macedonian, Albanian, Hungarian (all official), and languages of other nationalities. ... The modern period in Croatian history begins in 1990 with the countrys change of political and economic system as well as achieving independence from Yugoslavia in 1991. ... The Gospić massacre was an incident that took place between 16 October-18 October 1991 in the town of Gospić, a mixed Serb/Croat community in the district of Lika in Croatia. ... Vukovars main street Vukovar Vukovar is a city and municipality in eastern Croatia, and the biggest river port in Croatia located at the confluence of the Vuka river into the Danube. ... Combatants Yugoslav Peoples Army Serbian paramilitaries Local Serb militias Croatian National Guard Croatian police and militias Croatian Defence Forces (HOS) Commanders Mladen Bratić† Života Panić Blago Zadro† Mile Dedaković Branko Borković Strength Up to 36,000, depending on the phase of the battle Some 2,000 (in Vukovar) Casualties... Pocket badge of the UNPROFOR The United Nations Protection Force, UNPROFOR, were the primary UN peacekeeping troops in Croatia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Yugoslav wars. ...


Despite this, sporadic sniping and shelling continued to take place between the two sides. Gospić, which was close to the front lines, was repeatedly subjected to shellfire from the Serbian Army of Krajina (SVK). The town was of great importance in securing lines of communication between Dalmatia and the rest of Croatia. Much of the shelling took place from the Serb-controlled Medak Pocket, an area of high ground approximately four to five kilometres wide and five to six kilometres long which consisted of the localities of Divoselo, Čitluk and part of Počitelj plus numerous small hamlets. The pocket was primarily a rural area with a combination of forest and open fields. It was fairly lightly inhabited before the attack, with about 400 Serb civilians residing in the area [2] and was held by units of the SVK's 15th Lika Corps. Gospić is a town in the mountainous and sparsely populated region of Lika, Croatia. ...


The pocket adjoined Sector South, one of the four United Nations Protected Areas (UNPAs) in Croatia. It was not actually in the UNPA but lay just outside in a so-called "pink zone", or disputed area, patrolled by UNPROFOR peacekeepers. Prior to the Medak Pocket offensive, Croatian government forces had launched several relatively small-scale attacks to retake rebel Serb-held territory in "pink zones" at the Miljevci Plateau in June 1992 and the area of the Maslenica bridge in northern Dalmatia in January 1993[2]. It has been alleged that the timing of the Maslenica and Medak offensives was owed to the political imperatives of Croatian President Franjo Tuđman, who was facing political difficulties following Croatia's intervention in the war in Bosnia.[3] Pocket badge of the UNPROFOR. The United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR), was the first UN peacekeeping force in Croatia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Yugoslav wars. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Dalmatia, highlighted, on a map of Croatia. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... ‹ The template below (Foreignchar) is being considered for deletion. ... This article is about the country of Bosnia and Herzegovina. ...


The offensive

9–14 September

Croatian forces began their offensive at approximately 06:00 on 9 September 1993. The attack involved around 2,500 troops drawn from the Croatian Army's Gospić Operational Zone, including the 9th Guards Brigade, 111th Brigade, Gospić Home Guard Battalion, Lovinac Home Guard Battalion and Special Police Units of the Croatian Ministry of the Interior (MUP). The Croatians were largely armed with standard-issue Warsaw Pact equipment captured from the Yugoslav People's Army, including T-72 tanks, as well as large numbers of artillery pieces and an array of small arms. The Interior Minister is a member of a Cabinet in a Government. ... Not to be confused with the Warsaw Convention, which is an agreement about airlines financial liability and the Treaty of Warsaw (1970) between West Germany and the Peoples Republic of Poland. ... The Yugoslav Peoples Army (YPA) (Serbo-Croatian: Jugoslovenska narodna armija or Jugoslavenska narodna armija; Serbian and Macedonian: Југословенска народна армија—JHA; Macedonian and Serbian Latin forms: Jugoslovenska narodna armija; Croatian and Bosnian: Jugoslavenska narodna armija—JNA; Slovene: Jugoslovanska ljudska armada—JLA) was the military force of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. ... The T-72 is a Soviet-designed main battle tank that entered production in 1971. ...


The SVK was taken by surprise and fell back. After two days of fighting the Croatian forces had taken control of Divoselo, Čitluk and part of Počitelj. The salient was pinched out with the new front line running just in front of the village of Medak. In retaliation for the offensive, Serb forces began to use long-range artillery to shell the city of Karlovac and fired FROG-7 ballistic missiles into the Croatian capital Zagreb.[4] The attack on Karlovac was especially brutal and dozens of civilians were killed.[5] Karlovac (Croatia) Karlovac municipality within Karlovac county Karlovac Karlovac (German: Karlstadt or Carlstadt, Hungarian: Károlyváros and sometimes in Croatian, Marinograd) is a city and municipality in central Croatia. ... FROG-7B (Luna M) FROG-7B (Luna M) FROG-7B (Luna M) FROG-7B (Luna M) The FROG-7 is the final version of the FROG family of unguided, spin-stabilized, short-range artillery rockets. ... Diagram of V-2, the first ballistic missile. ... Location of Zagreb within Croatia Coordinates: , Country RC diocese 1094 Free royal city 1242 Unified 1850 Government  - Mayor Milan Bandić Area [1]  - Total 641. ...


The SVK launched counter-attacks which retook some of the captured territory and brought the Croatian advance to a halt. It also threatened to attack 20 or 30 more targets throughout Croatia unless the captured territory was handed back. The two sides exchanged heavy artillery fire during 12–13 September, with the UN recording over 6,000 detonations in the Gospić-Medak area. On 13 and 14 September, Croatian Air Force MiG-21 aircraft attacked SVK artillery and rocket batteries in Banija and Kordun but one aircraft was shot down near Vrginmost.[6] Croatian Air Force and Defense (Croatian: Hrvatsko ratno zrakoplovstvo i protuzračna obrana) is a branch of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia. ... Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 (NATO reporting name Fishbed) is a fighter aircraft, originally built by the Mikoyan and Gurevich Design Bureau in the Soviet Union. ... Banovina can refer to: a region in central Croatia: Banovina (region) an internal division of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia from 1929-1941 any territory ruled by a ban (also, Banate or Banat) This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... The Kordun region is a part of central Croatia at the bottom of the Petrova gora mountain range, which extends along the river Korana and forms part of the border region to Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Image of Gvozd municipality within Sisak-Moslavina County Gvozd (formerly Вргинмост or Vrginmost) is a town and a municipality in Sisak-Moslavina County, Croatia. ...


15–17 September

Ceasefire

The offensive attracted strong international criticism and, facing political and military pressure at home and from abroad, the Croatian government agreed to a ceasefire. The United Nations commander in Croatia, General Jean Cot, arranged and mediated ceasefire discussions.[6] On 15 September a ceasefire agreement was signed by General Mile Novaković, on behalf of the Serbian side and Major-General Petar Stipetić, on behalf of the Croatian side. The agreement required the Croatian forces to withdraw to the start lines of 9 September, and for Serb forces to withdraw from the pocket and remain out thereafter. The Croatian withdrawal was scheduled for 1200 on 15 September.[2] is the 258th day of the year (259th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...


In order to oversee the withdrawal and protect local civilians, UNPROFOR sent 875 troops of the Second Battalion of the Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry to move into the pocket, accompanied by two French Army mechanized units. The UN forces, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel James Calvin, were instructed to interpose themselves between the Serb and Croatian forces. Princess Patricias Canadian Light Infantry (PPCLI) is an infantry regiment in the Canadian Forces (CF), belonging to 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group (1 CMBG). ... The French Army, officially the Armée de Terre (Army of the land), is the land-based component of the French Armed Forces and the largest. ... Lieutenant Colonel (Lieutenant-Colonel in English from the French grades spelling) is a rank of commissioned officer in the armies and most marine corps and air forces of the world, typically ranking above a Major and below a Colonel. ...


Canadian Buffer

The Canadians were among the best armed and armoured troops at UNPROFOR's disposal, making them a natural choice for this dangerous task. They were equipped with M-113 armoured personnel carriers and carried a mix of C-6 medium machine guns, C-7 assault rifles, C-9 light machine guns, and 84 mm Carl Gustav anti-tank rockets. The attached Heavy Weapons Support Company brought 81 mm mortars and a specially fitted APC armed with anti-tank guided missiles.[4] The M113 during the Vietnam War The M113 is an armored personnel carrier family. ... Armoured personnel carriers (APCs) are armoured fighting vehicles developed to transport infantry on the battlefield. ... The FN MAG (or MAG-58) is a machine gun manufactured by Fabrique Nationale (FN), Belgium. ... ... The M249 Squad Automatic Weapon (M249 SAW) is the United States military designation for a sub-family of the FN Minimi squad automatic weapon (from Mini-mitrailleuse French: mini-machine gun. Both are 5. ... The Carl Gustav is the common name for the 84mm recoilless rifle anti-tank weapon from the Carl Gustav company in Sweden. ...


Up till that time the Croatian forces had little respect for UN forces who, with their restrictive UN mandate, often fled before any type of resistance. Earlier that year Croatian troops had launched an attack in order to seize a power dam and reservoir. UN forces stationed in the area quickly fled before the attacking Croats, confirming Croat beliefs that a show of force would scare away the UN soldiers.[4].


The Croatian forces, under the pretext of not receiving authorization from Zagreb, decided to attack the Canadian forces who were moving in between the Serb and Croat forces. Private Scott LeBlanc who was present in the UN forces recalls, "We started taking fire almost immediately from the Croats,[7]". When the Canadians began constructing a fortified position, the Croatians fired hundreds of artillery shells at them. The barrage was sporadic, however, and the Canadians successfully used breaks in the shelling to repair and reinforce their positions. In the end, only four Canadians were wounded by the attack.


The UN forces subsequently took control of abandoned Serbian positions but again came under fire from the Croatian lines, with the attackers using rocket propelled grenades and anti-aircraft guns. The UN troops then dug in at their positions and returned fire. As night fell the Croatians attempted several flanking manoeuvres but the Canadians responded with sniper fire against the Croatian infantry. The French used 22 mm cannon fire to suppress Croatian heavy weapons. Although this destroyed only few of the heavy weapons, the aggressive UN response convinced the Croatians to only use their strongest weapons sporadically. They did not deploy their most powerful weapons, such as their tanks, apparently fearing that the UN would use anti-tank missiles and air support against them[4]. The Croatian commander, Rahim Ademi, upon realizing that his forces had reached a stalemate, met with the Canadian commander and agreed to a ceasefire where his troops would withdraw by noon the next day. An RPG-7 captured by the US Army RPG, or Rocket propelled grenade is a loose term describing hand-held, shoulder-launched anti-tank weapons capable of firing an unguided rocket equipped with an explosive warhead. ... American troops man an anti-aircraft gun near the Algerian coastline in 1943 Anti-aircraft, or air defense, is any method of combating military aircraft from the ground. ... For other uses, see Sniper (disambiguation). ...


When the deadline passed, Canadian forces rushed the Croatian lines only to be stopped by heavily armed Croatian forces. Instead of fighting them, Calvin improvised a media conference and told the 20 or so international members of the media that Croatian forces were ethnically cleansing Serb civilians behind the Croat lines[7]. The Croatian high command, realizing they had a public relations disaster on their hands, quickly moved back to their lines held on Sept 09. The withdrawal was finally verified as having been completed by 1800 on 17 September, bringing the offensive to an end.


The advancing Canadian forces discovered that the Croat army had destroyed all the Serb buildings, razing them to the ground. In the burning wrecks they found 16 mutilated corpses -- some with their eyes cut out[7]. Everything was recorded and handed over to the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. The evidence helped convince the ICTY to issue an indictment in 2001 against Ademi, charging him with crimes against humanity. The indictment included a list of some of the victims, Sara Krickovic, female, 71, throat cut; Pera Krajnovic, female, 86, burned to death; Andja Jovic, female, 74, beaten and shot[7]. The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia is a body of the United Nations established to prosecute war crimes in the former Yugoslavia. ...


Calvin, the Canadian commander, later reported that "27 of [the Croatian Army's] members were killed or wounded during the fire fights with my battle group during the 14 days in Medak" [1]. Even though the operation was considered a success, due to the emerging Somalia Affair, the clash was not highly publicized at the time. However, Calvin and his troops were decorated in 2002 for their bravery. In Canada, the alleged event has been referred to as "Canada's secret battle", while in Croatia this event is denied. The Somalia Affair was a Canadian military scandal in the mid-1990s. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ...


Croatian Denial

In 2002 the Croatian newspaper Nacional published a report claiming that "the armed conflict between the Croatian and Canadian forces in operation Medak Pocket from 9 to 17 September 1993 never happened" and that the Canadians had fired "no more than a couple of shots into the night."[8] Retired Croatian general Davor Domazet-Loso, in an effort to defend his fellow Croatian generals fighting ICTY crimes against humanity charges, suggested Canadian troops fought Serb not Croat fighters[9]. This was strongly denied by the Canadian Department of National Defence, the Canadian Commander at the time, retired Col. Jim Calvin[9], and decorated Canadian Army veterans who served at Medak.[10]. For their part, the Croatian authorities, both civil and military, during the aftermath of the skirmish with the UN forces and in the years that followed, have never admitted that any serious battle with the UNPROFOR forces in the Medak area ever occurred and claim that the Canadian forces' version of events is politically motivated. No relatives or family members of the Croatian soldiers who were killed in the operation are known to have appeared in the Croatian media with their personal stories or confessions. The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia is a body of the United Nations established to prosecute war crimes in the former Yugoslavia. ... The Department of National Defence, frequently referred to by its acronym DND, is the department within the government of Canada with responsibility for Canadas military, the Canadian Armed Forces. ...


War crimes investigations

The UN immediately began an investigation into the events at Medak. The task was hampered by the systematic destruction that had been carried out by the withdrawing Croatians. The UN forces found that (in the words of an official Canadian study on the incident) "each and every building in the Medak Pocket had been leveled to the ground", in a total of eleven villages and hamlets. [4]


Investigators from the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) determined that at least 100 Serb civilians had been unlawfully killed and many others had suffered serious injuries; many of the victims were women and elderly people. 29 executed Serb civilians have been determined, as well as five Serb soldiers who had been captured or wounded. More were thought to have been killed, but the bodies were said to have been removed or destroyed by the Croatians. [4] In addition, Serb-owned property was systematically looted and destroyed to render the area uninhabitable. Personal belongings, household goods, furniture, housing items, farm animals, farm machinery and other equipment were looted or destroyed, and wells were polluted to make them unusable. An estimated 164 homes and 148 barns and outbuildings were burned down or blown up. Much of the destruction was said to have taken place during the 48 hours between the ceasefire being signed and the withdrawal being completed. [2] [11] The Tribunal building in The Hague. ...


Several members of the Croatian military were subsequently charged with war crimes. The highest-ranking indictee was General Janko Bobetko. He was indicted for war crimes by the ICTY in 2001 [12] but died before the case was heard by the court, and in consequence the trial was cancelled. Janko Bobetko (1919 - 2003) was a Croatian army general and the Croatian armys Chief of the General Staff between 1992 and 1995. ...


The wider area was under the jurisdiction of the Gospić Military District, commanded at the time by Brigadier Rahim Ademi. He was also indicted by the ICTY and was transferred there in 2001. In 2004, General Mirko Norac – who was already serving a 12-year jail sentence in Croatia for his role in the Gospić massacre – was also indicted and transferred to The Hague.The two cases were joined in July 2004 and in November 2005 the Tribunal agreed to a Croatian government request to transfer the case back to Croatia, for trial before a Croatian court. [13] Rahim Ademi (born January 30, 1954) is Croatian Army general of Kosovo-Albanian origin. ... Mirko Norac as duke of Sinjska alka Mirko Norac (born September 19, 1967 in Otok, municipality of Sinj, Croatia) is former general of Croatian Army and a convicted war criminal. ... The Gospić massacre was an incident that took place between 16 October-18 October 1991 in the town of Gospić, a mixed Serb/Croat community in the district of Lika in Croatia. ... Coordinates: , Country Netherlands Province South Holland Area (2006)  - Municipality 98. ...


The trial of Mirko Norac and Rahim Ademi began at the Zagreb County Court in June 2007 and is still ongoing (as of August 2007). Mirko Norac as duke of Sinjska alka Mirko Norac (born September 19, 1967 in Otok, municipality of Sinj, Croatia) is former general of Croatian Army and a convicted war criminal. ... Rahim Ademi (born January 30, 1954) is Croatian Army general of Kosovo-Albanian origin. ...


Aftermath

After the offensive, most of the villages in the area were destroyed and depopulated. Even today, the region is still largely abandoned, though some Serbs have since returned to it.[14] The region remained, in effect, neutral ground between the warring sides until near the end of the war. Part of it was recaptured by the Croatians during Operation Flash in May 1995 and the Croatian Army took the rest of it on 4 August 1995 during Operation Storm, which ended in the defeat of the self-proclaimed Republic of Serbian Krajina. Combatants Croatia Republic of Serbian Krajina Commanders Croatian Military Command Strength 7,200 soldiers 5000 soldiers Casualties 55 killed, 162 wounded 250 killed, 1,500 POW Operation Flash (Croatian: ) was a brief and successful offensive conducted in the beginning of May 1995 by the the Croatian Army, which removed Serb... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 216th day of the year (217th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ... Combatants Croatia (HV) Bosnia and Herzegovina (ABiH) Republic of Serbian Krajina (VSK) Republika Srpska (VRS) Commanders Zvonimir Červenko (HV) Atif Dudakovic (ABiH) Mile Mrkšić (VSK) Strength 150,000 soldiers, 350 tanks, 400 artillery pieces, 50 rocket launchers, 50 aircraft and helicopters 40,000 soldiers, 150 tanks, 350 artillery pieces...


The Medak Pocket offensive can be considered a tactical victory for the Croats in that it reduced the Serb threat against Gospić and permanently eliminated the possibility of splitting Croatia in half as had been planned. The goal having been achieved, Croatian Army did not, at the time, press any further since the geopolitical and strategic situation was not ideal for a major offensive to fully control the region. The offensive also exposed serious weaknesses in the Croatian Army's command, control, and communications, which had also been a problem in Operation Maslenica earlier in the year. The military science term command, control, and communications or C3 designates a telecommunications network used by the command hierarchy for the command and control of a military force. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...


The operation caused serious political difficulties for the Croatian government, which was heavily criticised abroad for its actions at Medak. The well-publicised accusations of war crimes, along with the Muslim-Croat bloodshed in Bosnia, led to Croatia's image being severely tarnished; in many quarters abroad, the country was viewed as having moved from being a victim to an aggressor.[15][16] It also provided a major propaganda boost for the Serbian side.


The war crimes committed during the operation damaged the credibility of UNPROFOR as well, as its forces had been unable to prevent them despite being in the vicinity at the time. Boutros Boutros-Ghali, the UN Secretary-General, admitted that Boutros Boutros-Ghali (Arabic: بطرس بطرس غالي Coptic: BOYTPOC BOYTPOC ΓΑΛΗ) (born November 14, 1922) is an Egyptian diplomat who was the sixth Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1992 to December 1996. ... The United Nations Secretary-General is the head of the Secretariat, one of the principal divisions of the United Nations. ...

"The 9 September 1993 Croatian destruction of three villages in the Medak pocket has, despite the robust action taken by UNPROFOR to secure the withdrawal of Croatian forces, further increased the mistrust of the Serbs towards UNPROFOR and has led to the reaffirmation of their refusal to disarm. In turn, this refusal to disarm, as required in the United Nations peace-keeping plan, has prevented UNPROFOR from implementing other essential elements of the plan, particularly facilitating the return of refugees and displaced persons to their places of origins in secure conditions."[17]

Notes

  1. ^ a b "Testimony to the Standing Committee on National Defence and Veterans Affairs", April 27, 1998
  2. ^ a b c d International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, The Prosecutor v. Rahim ADEMI and Mirko NORAC — Consolidated Indictment
  3. ^ Marcus Tanner, Croatia: A Nation Forged in War, p. 291. Yale University Press, 1997
  4. ^ a b c d e f Lee A. Windsor, "The Medak Pocket"
  5. ^ (Croatian) Rat u Hrvatskoj 1991-95, Part II
  6. ^ a b David C. Isby, Balkan Battlegrounds: A Military History of the Yugoslav Conflict, 1990–1995, p. 269
  7. ^ a b c d Michael Snider with Sean M Maloney (September 2, 2002). FIREFIGHT AT THE MEDAK POCKET (HTML). MacLeans Magazine. Retrieved on 2007-10-08.
  8. ^ Nacional, December 4, 2002
  9. ^ a b David Pugliese, Ottawa Citizen; CanWest News Service (Thursday, September 20, 2002). No battle, no war crimes, general claims (HTML). Edmonton Journal. Retrieved on 2007-10-08.
  10. ^ "The Medak Pocket", Army.ca forums
  11. ^ "Final report of the United Nations Commission of Experts, Annex VII, Medak investigation", 28 December 1994
  12. ^ The prosecutor of the tribunal against Janko Bobetko. un.org. UN.org. Retrieved on 14 April 2006.
  13. ^ "Rahim Ademi and Mirko Norac case transferred to Croatia", ICTY press release of 1 November 2005
  14. ^ "Memories live on for Croatia's victims", BBC News, 23 October 2002
  15. ^ Ivo Bicanic, "Croatia", in Balkan Reconstruction, p. 168. Routledge, 2001
  16. ^ Adam LeBor, Milosevic: A Biography, p. 224. Yale University Press, 2004
  17. ^ UN Secretary-General, Report S/1994/300, 16 March 1994

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Background articles: Combatants Slovenia Territorial Defence SFR Yugoslavia Yugoslav Peoples Army Commanders Janez JanÅ¡a Veljko Kadijević Strength 16,000 Territorial Defence, 10,000 police 35,200 Yugoslav National Army personnel Casualties 18 killed, 182 wounded (official casualties) 44 killed, 146 wounded 5,000 prisoners (Slovenian Estimates) The Ten-Day War... Combatants Croatian Army Paramilitary organisations Republic of Serb Krajina Army Yugoslav Peoples Army Bosnian Serb Army Republic of Serbia Paramilitary organisations Commanders Franjo TuÄ‘man (President of Croatia) Anton Tus (Chief of Staff of Croatian Army 1991-1992) Janko Bobetko (Chief of Staff of Croatian Army 1992-1995) Atif... Combatants  Bosnia and Herzegovina Volunteers from Islamic countries HVO  Croatia Volunteers from Western Europe Republika Srpska  Yugoslavia Various paramilitary units from Serbia and Montenegro Volunteers from Eastern Europe Commanders Alija Izetbegović (President of Bosnia and Herzegovina) Sefer Halilović (Army chief of staff 1992-1993) Rasim Delić (Army chief of Staff... Combatants  Bosnia and Herzegovina Volunteers from Islamic countries Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnia  Croatia Volunteers from Western Europe Commanders Alija Izetbegović (President of Bosnia and Herzegovina) Sefer Halilović (Army chief of staff 1992-1993) Rasim Delić (Army chief of Staff 1993-1995) Franjo TuÄ‘man (President of Croatia) Mate Boban... The term Kosovo War or Kosovo Conflict is often used to describe two sequential and at times parallel armed conflicts (a civil war followed by an international war) in the southern Serbian province called Kosovo (officially Kosovo and Metohia), part of the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. ... Combatants FRY army Serbian police UCPMB Commanders Unknown Muhamet Xhemajli Ridvan Chazimi-Leshi† [1] Casualties Unknown Assumed high by authorities Civilian casualties: The PreÅ¡evo Valley conflict [2] was a struggle between the Yugoslav federal government and an Albanian separatist organisation Liberation Army of PreÅ¡evo, MedveÄ‘a and Bujanovac... Combatants Republic of Macedonia National Liberation Army Commanders Boris Trajkovski Ljube BoÅ¡koski Ali Ahmeti Casualties 63 (Macedonian sources) 64 (NLA sources) Civilian casualties: 70 dead (60 ethnic Albanians, 10 ethnic Macedonians) Other: 2 EU monitors[1] 1 UK soldier killed[2] The 2001 Macedonia conflict was an armed conflict...

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Articles on nationalism: The Brioni Agreement is a document signed on the Brioni (Brijuni) islands (near Pula, Croatia) on July 7th 1991 by representatives of the Republic of Slovenia and the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia under the political sponsorship of the European Community. ... The General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, also known as the Dayton Agreement, Dayton Accords, Paris Protocol or Dayton-Paris Agreement, is the peace agreement reached at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base near Dayton, Ohio in November 1995, and formally signed in Paris on December 14... The Tribunal building in The Hague. ... This is a complete listing of all indictees of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia along with their ethnic origin, rank or occupation, details of charges against them and the disposition of their cases. ... The armed conflicts in Croatia, what was then Yugoslavia during the 1990s were characterized by widespread violations of human rights and humanitarian law. ... Serbia has a UN facility at is Belgrade Airport for applicants for asylum in accordance with international policies. ...

1990
Ethnic cleansing refers to various policies or practices aimed at the displacement of an ethnic group from a particular territory in order to create a supposedly ethnically pure society. ... The term Greater Albania or Great Albania refers to land which is outside the borders of Albania and Albanian nationalists claim as their own. ... This does not cite any references or sources. ... Greater Serbia is a name for a Serbian nationalist concept. ... Serbs rule ... Croatian nationalism, like Serbian nationalism, has a history in the emergent modern Balkans. ... This article or section may contain original research or unverified claims. ... Year 1990 (MCMXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar). ...


• Log Revolution
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...


1991
Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ...


• Ten-Day War
• Plitvice Lakes incident
• Borovo Selo killings
• Dalmatian anti-Serb riots
• Battle of Dalmatia
• Battle of Vukovar
• Vukovar massacre
• Battle of the Barracks
• Lovas massacre
• Gospić massacre
• Baćin massacre
• Saborsko massacre
• Siege of Dubrovnik
• Operation Otkos 10
• Škabrnja massacre
• Operation Orkan 91
• Voćin massacre
Combatants Slovenia Territorial Defence SFR Yugoslavia Yugoslav Peoples Army Commanders Janez JanÅ¡a Veljko Kadijević Strength 16,000 Territorial Defence, 10,000 police 35,200 Yugoslav National Army personnel Casualties 18 killed, 182 wounded (official casualties) 44 killed, 146 wounded 5,000 prisoners (Slovenian Estimates) The Ten-Day War... The Plitvice Lakes incident of March 1991 (known in Croatian as Plitvice Bloody Easter, Krvavi Uskrs na Plitvicama / Plitvički Krvavi Uskrs) was a clash between security forces of the Republic of Croatia and armed Serb separatists. ... The Borovo Selo killings of 2 May 1991 (known in Croatia as the Borovo Selo massacre, Croatian:Pokolj u Borovom Selu and in Serbia as the Borovo Selo incident, Serbian: Инцидент у Боровом Селу) were one of the bloodiest incidents in the early stages of the breakup of Yugoslavia. ... The anti-Serb riots in Dalmatia happened in the Croatian cities of Zadar and Å ibenik on May 2nd, 1991, on the eve of the Croatian War of Independence. ... Combatants Yugoslavia (JNA) Local Serb forces Croatia (HV, police forces, HOS) Commanders Colonel Ratko Mladić (JNA) Strength JNA 9th Corps (Knin): 63 tanks 45 APCs Other units 6th Operational Zone (Several infantry brigades) Map showing the location of Dalmatia, in present day Croatia Battle of Dalmatia (Croatian: Bitka za Dalmaciju... Combatants Yugoslav Peoples Army Serbian paramilitaries Local Serb militias Croatian National Guard Croatian police and militias Croatian Defence Forces (HOS) Commanders Mladen Bratić† Života Panić Blago Zadro† Mile Dedaković Branko Borković Strength Up to 36,000, depending on the phase of the battle Some 2,000 (in Vukovar) Casualties... The Vukovar massacre was a war crime that took place between November 18 and November 21, 1991 near the city of Vukovar, a mixed Croat/Serb community in northeastern Croatia. ... Combatants Croatian Army (HV) Yugoslav Army (JNA) Commanders Anton Tus (Chief of Staff of Croatian Army 1991-1992) Various local commanders Veljko Kadijević (Chief of Staff of Yugoslav Peoples Army) Various local commanders Strength  ?  ? Casualties At least 15 dead  ? At least: 250 tanks, 180 Armoured personnel carriers, 100 Self... Lovas on the map of Croatia Lovas is a village and seat of municipality in the Vukovar-Srijem county of eastern Croatia, located on the slopes of FruÅ¡ka Gora, a few kilometers south of the main road connecting Vukovar with Ilok. ... The Gospić massacre was an incident that took place between 16 October-18 October 1991 in the town of Gospić, a mixed Serb/Croat community in the district of Lika in Croatia. ... Hrvatska Dubica on the map of Croatia Hrvatska Dubica is a village and a municipality in central Croatia in the Sisak-Moslavina county. ... A monument to victims of massacre in Saborsko One of the identified mass-graves in Saborsko The Saborskom massacre was a war crime [1] committed by Serb-led JNA (mostly consisted of Serbs) and rebel Serbs militia Militia of Republic of Serb Krajina (from neighbouring PlaÅ¡ki [2]) on October... Combatants Yugoslav Army (JNA), Montenegro Territorial Defence Forces Croatian Army (HV) Commanders Veljko Kadijević (Chief of Staff of Yugoslav Peoples Army) Anton Tus (Chief of Staff of Croatian Army 1991-1992) Janko Bobetko (from 1992) Strength Between 7,500 and 20,000 men [1] Up to 2,000 soldiers... After the attacking forces of the 5th Yugoslav Peoples Army (JNA) corps (Banja Luka corps) had successfully crossed Sava river into Croatia captured Okučani in western Slavonia it was their primary objective to advance along Pakrac - GrubiÅ¡no Polje route and link up with th 28th partisan division... According to the census of 1991, Å kabrnja was inhabited by 1,953 people in 397 households, and the vast majority of them were Croats, there wasnt a single Serb resident. ... After successful completion of Operation Otkos 10, the first offensive operation of such scale by Croatian army in the homeland war, Croatian troops were in position to retake further territory and neutralize a number of serbian held military positions and fortifications. ... Voćin massacre was a massacre of between 45 and 55 Croatian civilians [1] in the village of Voćin, perpetuated by Serb paramilitary units in December 1991 during the Croatian War of Independence. ...


1992
Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ...


• Operation Maslenica
• Siege of Sarajevo
• Foča massacres
• Višegrad massacre
• Miljevci plateau incident
This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Combatants ARBiH (1992-95)  NATO (1995) JNA (1992) VRS (1992-95) Commanders Jovan Divjak Mustafa Hajrulahović Vahid Karavelić Nedžad Ajnadžić Stanislav Galić (1992-94) Dragomir MiloÅ¡ević (1994-95) Strength 40,000 (1992) 30,000 (1992) The Siege of Sarajevo was the longest siege in the history of... Foča massacres were crimes against humanity committed by Serb military, police and paramilitary forces on Bosniak civilians in Foča region including Gacko and Kalinovik from April 7, 1992 to January 1994. ... The ViÅ¡egrad massacre was an act of ethnic cleansing and mass murder of Bosniak civilians that occurred in the town of ViÅ¡egrad in eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina, committed by Bosnian Serb paramilitary forces of Milan Lukić at the start of the Bosnian War during the spring of 1992. ... On June 21, 1992, the Croatian army attacked the Serbian Territorial Defense on the Miljevci Plateau near Drnis in front of the eyes of UN peacekeeping force (UNPROFOR). ...


1993
Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ...


• Lašva Valley ethnic cleansing
• Ahmići massacre
• Operation Neretva '93
• Operation Medak Pocket
The Lašva Valley ethnic cleansing, also known as the Lašva Valley case, refers to numerous war crimes committed during the Bosnian war by the Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnias political and military leadership on Bosnian Muslim (Bosniak) civilians in the Lašva Valley region of Bosnia-Herzegovina. ... Ahmići massacre occurred in 1993 during the Bosnian War. ... Combatants Bosniak forces: ARBiH Croat forces: HVO HV Commanders Sefer Halilović Unknown Casualties 61 Croat civilians and POWs killed in the battle Operation Neretva 93 was a Bosnian Army operation against the Croatian Defence Council and Croatian Army in September 1993 and was launched in order to end the siege...


1994
Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ...


• First Markale massacre
• Banja Luka incident
• Operation Bøllebank
• Operation Amanda
• Operation Tiger
Photograph from the scene, shortly after one of the massacres. ... Combatants Bosnian Serb Army USAF Strength 6 J-21 Jastreb 4+ F-16 Casualties 4 aircraft destroyed, pilots fate unknown none The Banja Luka incident, February 28, 1994, was an incident in which six Bosnian Serb Army-owned J-21 Jastreb light attack jets were engaged and four of them... During the War in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Operation Bøllebank was the largest combat operation by Danish forces since 1864. ... Combatants Army of Republika Srpska Danish military (as part of UNPROFOR forces) Commanders Unknown Lt. ... Exercise Tiger was the code name for an eight-day practice run for D-Day, on April 28, 1944, at a beach in Slapton (Slapton Sands), South Devon. ...


1995
Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ...


• Operation Flash
• Zagreb rocket attack
• Tuzla massacre
• Mrkonjić Grad incident
• Srebrenica massacre
• Operation Summer '95
• Operation Storm
• Second Markale massacre
• NATO bombing of the RS
• Operation Mistral
• Operation Sana
• Dayton Agreement
Combatants Croatia Republic of Serbian Krajina Commanders Croatian Military Command Strength 7,200 soldiers 5000 soldiers Casualties 55 killed, 162 wounded 250 killed, 1,500 POW Operation Flash (Croatian: ) was a brief and successful offensive conducted in the beginning of May 1995 by the the Croatian Army, which removed Serb... The Zagreb rocket attack was a war crime conducted by Serb armed forces that fired ground-to-ground missiles on the Croatian capital of Zagreb. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Combatants Bosnian Serb Army USAF Strength SA-6 missiles 2 F-16s Casualties none 1 aircraft destroyed The Mrkonjić Grad incident, June 2, 1995, was an incident in which a Bosnian Serb Army SA-6 surface-to-air missile shot down a USAF F-16 near Mrkonjić Grad, Bosnia. ... Burial of 465 identified Bosniak civilians (July 11, 2007) Gravestone of a thirteen year old boy (July 11, 2007) A memorial to the victims of Srebrenica and other towns in Eastern Bosnia The Srebrenica Massacre, also known as Srebrenica Genocide,[1] was the July 1995 killing of an estimated 8... Combatants Croatia (HV, HVO) Republika Srpska (VRS) Commanders General Ante Gotovina (HV) Strength Two HV Guard Brigades (4th Motorized, 7th Mechanized) Two HVO Guard Brigades (1st, 3rd Motorized) Other units Units of the 2nd Krajina Corps of the VRS (3 motorized brigades, 5 infantry brigades, 5 light brigades and support... Combatants Croatia (HV) Bosnia and Herzegovina (ABiH) Republic of Serbian Krajina (VSK) Republika Srpska (VRS) Commanders Zvonimir Červenko (HV) Atif Dudakovic (ABiH) Mile Mrkšić (VSK) Strength 150,000 soldiers, 350 tanks, 400 artillery pieces, 50 rocket launchers, 50 aircraft and helicopters 40,000 soldiers, 150 tanks, 350 artillery pieces... Photograph from the scene, shortly after one of the massacres. ... Combatants NATO Republika Srpska Commanders Willy Claes Ratko Mladić Strength 2 F-16C, 1 Mirage aircraft 2 SAMs Casualties 1 Mirage aircraft 2 pilots POW 1 F-16C Undisclosed The 1995 NATO bombing in Bosnia and Herzegovina (code-named by NATO Operation Deliberate Force) was a sustained air campaign conducted... Combatants Croatia (HV, HVO) Republika Srpska (VRS) Commanders General Ante Gotovina (HV) Strength Two HV Guard Brigades (4th Motorized, 7th Mechanized) Two HVO Guard Brigades (1st, 3rd Motorized) Other units Units of the 2nd Krajina Corps of the VRS (3 motorized brigades, 5 infantry brigades, 5 light brigades and support... Combatants ARBiH VRS Commanders Atif Dudakovic Zeljko Raznatovic Strength 25,000 20,000-30,000 est. ... The General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, also known as the Dayton Agreement, Dayton Accords, Paris Protocol or Dayton-Paris Agreement, is the peace agreement reached at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base near Dayton, Ohio in November 1995, and formally signed in Paris on December 14...


1999
This article is about the year. ...


• Račak incident
• Rambouillet Agreement
• NATO bombing of the FRY
• Resolution 1244
• Operation Joint Guardian
The Račak incident (also called the Račak massacre or Račak operation) was a clash in the village of Račak, Kosovo, (known as Reçak in Albanian) on January 15, 1999 between Yugoslav security forces and Kosovo Liberation Army guerillas, in which 45 Albanian civilians died. ... The Rambouillet Agreement is the name of a proposed peace agreement between Yugoslavia and the Kosovo Albanian delegation. ... Combatants NATO (USAF, RAF, and other air, maritime and land forces) Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and allied Serb paramilitary and foreign volunteer forces[1] Commanders Wesley Clark (SACEUR), Javier Solana (Secretary General of NATO) Slobodan Milošević (Supreme Commander of the Yugoslav Army), Vojislav Šešelj, Dragoljub Ojdanić (Chief of... This page is a candidate to be moved to Wikisource. ... Operation Joint Guardian was an military operation that occured inside the region of Kosovo, located inside the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. ...


2001
Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ...


• 2001 Macedonia conflict
• Operation Essential Harvest
• Ohrid Agreement
Combatants Republic of Macedonia National Liberation Army Commanders Boris Trajkovski Ljube Boškoski Ali Ahmeti Casualties 63 (Macedonian sources) 64 (NLA sources) Civilian casualties: 70 dead (60 ethnic Albanians, 10 ethnic Macedonians) Other: 2 EU monitors[1] 1 UK soldier killed[2] The 2001 Macedonia conflict was an armed conflict... Operation Essential Harvest (or Task Force Harvest) was officially launched on August 22, 2001 and effectively started on August 27. ... The Ohrid Agreement, or the Ohrid Framework Agreement was the peace deal signed by the government of the Republic of Macedonia and Albanian representatives in 2001. ...

Local states:

Unrecognised states and entities: Image File history File links Flag_of_SFR_Yugoslavia. ... Motto Brotherhood and Unity Anthem Hey, Slavs Capital Belgrade Language(s) Serbo-Croatian (spoken throughout the territory), Slovenian, Macedonian, Albanian, Hungarian (all official), and languages of other nationalities. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_FR_Yugoslavia. ... Capital Belgrade Language(s) Serbian Government Republic President  - 1992 - 1993 Dobrica Ćosić  - 1993 - 1997 Zoran Lilić  - 1997 – 2000 Slobodan MiloÅ¡ević  - 2000 - 2003 Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica Prime Minister  - 1992 - 1993 Milan Panić  - 1993 - 1998 Radoje Kontić  - 1998 - 2000 Momir Bulatović  - 2000 - 2001 Zoran Žižić  - 2001 - 2003 DragiÅ¡a Pe... Image File history File links Flag_of_Serbia_1991-2004. ... Not to be confused with Republika Srpska. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Montenegro_(1993-2004). ... This article is about the country in Europe. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Slovenia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Croatia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_(1992-1998). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Macedonia. ... For an explanation of terms related to Macedonia, see Macedonia (terminology). ...

Armies: Image File history File links Size of this preview: 786 × 385 pixelsFull resolution (786 × 385 pixel, file size: 53 KB, MIME type: image/png) Flag of the Republic of Serbian Krajina Flag of the Republic of Serbian Krajina. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Republika_Srpska. ... Not to be confused with Serbia. ... Image File history File links Herzeg_Bosnia1993. ... Flag Self-proclaimed Croatian entity in Bosnia and Herzegovina Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia show in dark blue Capital Mostar Government Republic Governors (1992-1994)  - Croatian zone of Bosnia and Herzegovina Mate Boban Historical era Yugoslav wars  - Breakup of Yugoslavia June 25, 1991  - Secessions June 25, 1991 - April 27, 1992  - Proclamation... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Western Bosnia map Map of Yugoslavia during war, showing the location of Western Bosnia The Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia (Bosnian, Croatian or Serbian: Autonomna Pokrajina Zapadna Bosna, Аутономна Покрајина Западна Босна) was a de facto independent entity that existed in the territory of present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1993 and 1995 as...

Military formations and volunteers: Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Yugoslav Peoples Army (YPA) (Serbo-Croatian: Jugoslovenska narodna armija or Jugoslavenska narodna armija; Serbian and Macedonian: Југословенска народна армија—JHA; Macedonian and Serbian Latin forms: Jugoslovenska narodna armija; Croatian and Bosnian: Jugoslavenska narodna armija—JNA; Slovene: Jugoslovanska ljudska armada—JLA) was the military force of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Logo of the Territorial Defense Forces Territorial Defense Forces (Serbo-Croat: Teritorijalna odbrana, Croato-Serbian: Teritorijalna obrana, Slovenian: Teritorialna obramba, Macedonian: Територијална одбрана, abbreviation: TO) were part of the armed forces of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia which roughly corresponded to a military reserve force, an official governmental paramilitary or... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Military of Slovenia consists of the Slovenian Armed Forces (also Slovenian Army; officially Slovene Slovenska vojska; SAF/SV). ... Image File history File links Croatian_Coat_of_Arms. ... Emblem of the Ground Army The Croatian Ground Army (Croatian: Hrvatska kopnena vojska), commonly referred to as the Croatian Army (Hrvatska vojska) is a branch of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia. ... Image File history File links Armija_BiH.svg‎ Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... now. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Bosnian Serb Army, officially Army of the Republika Srpska (Serbian Војска Републике Српске/Vojska Republike Srpske, ВРС/VRS) is the military of the Bosnian Serb political entity of Republika Srpska. ... 1973 photograph of Halema‘uma‘u Crater, site of an explosive eruption in 1924, within the main caldera User_talk:Sennheiser#Image:HVO.jpg File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The Croatian Defence Council (Croatian Hrvatsko vijeće obrane, HVO) was the main military unit of the Croats during the Bosnian War charged with achieving the military objectives of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia. ... Image File history File links Uck_kla_logo. ... Ushtria Çlirimtare e Kosovës. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Macedonia. ... The Armed Forces of the Republic of Macedonia (Macedonian: Армија на Република Македонија) were formed in 1992 after withdrawal of the Yugoslav Peoples Army which left behind only a small number of infantry weapons and four broken World War 2-era T-34 tanks to equip the new army. ...


External states: Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Croatian Defence Forces (Croatian Hrvatska obrambene snage or HOS) was one of the first armed forces assembled by the Croats during the Croatian Homeland War and the War in Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Serbian Radical Party (Serbian: Српска радикална странка or Srpska radikalna stranka, SRS) is a nationalist far-right political party in Serbia. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 786 × 385 pixelsFull resolution (786 × 385 pixel, file size: 53 KB, MIME type: image/png) Flag of the Republic of Serbian Krajina Flag of the Republic of Serbian Krajina. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Sholder patch of the paramilitary group the White Eagles. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Serb Volunteer Guard PGH (Serbian: Српска добровољачка гарда/Srpska dobrovoljačka garda) was a volunteer military unit founded and led by Željko Ražnatović, widely known as Arkan/junior. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 479 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (482 × 603 pixel, file size: 112 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Logo of the UCPMB, 2000-2001 This is a logo of an organization, item, or event, and is protected by copyright and/or trademark. ... The Liberation Army of Preševo, Medveđa and Bujanovac (Albanian: Ushtria Çlirimtare e Preshevës, Medvegjës dhe Bujanovcit - UCPMB) was a guerrilla group fighting for independence from Serbia for the three municipalities: Preševo, Medveđa and Bujanovac, home to most of the Albanians of inner Serbia, adjacent... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 140 KB) Summary NLA Logo Licensing This is a logo of an organization, item, or event, and is protected by copyright and/or trademark. ... National Liberation Army is the name of several groups: National Liberation Army of Albania Macedoinian National Liberation Army Algerian National Liberation Army National Liberation Army (Bolivia). ...

Politicians: Image File history File links Flag_of_NATO.svg The flag of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO). ... This article is about the military alliance. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Vatican_City. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Austria. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Iran. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Nations. ... UN and U.N. redirect here. ... Pocket badge of the UNPROFOR The United Nations Protection Force, UNPROFOR, were the primary UN peacekeeping troops in Croatia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Yugoslav wars. ...

Top military commanders: Image File history File links Flag_of_SFR_Yugoslavia. ... Ante Marković (born November 25, 1924 in Konjic, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (now Bosnia and Herzegovina) was the last prime minister of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_SFR_Yugoslavia. ... Borisav Jovic (born 1928) was a Serbian communist politician, who served as the Serbian member of the collective presidency of Yugoslavia during the late 1980s and early 1990s. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_SFR_Yugoslavia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_FR_Yugoslavia. ... MiloÅ¡ević redirects here. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Montenegro_(1993-2004). ... Momir Bulatović (born September 21, 1956) is a former President of Montenegro and Prime Minister of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Montenegro_(1993-2004). ... Milo Đukanović   (Serbian Cyrillic: Мило Ђукановић) (born 15 February 1962 in NikÅ¡ić, Montenegro, Yugoslavia) is a former four mandate Prime Minister (1991 - 1992, 1992-1996, 1996-1998 and 2003 - 2006), president (1998 - 2002) of the Republic of Montenegro and an alleged Criminal Tycoon. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Slovenia. ... Milan Kučan Milan Kučan (born January 14, 1941) Slovene politician and statesman. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Slovenia. ... Janez JanÅ¡a (born September 17, 1958 as Ivan JanÅ¡a) in Ljubljana is a Slovenian politician and head of the Slovenian Democratic Party since 1995. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Croatia. ... ‹ The template below (Foreignchar) is being considered for deletion. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Croatia. ... Stjepan Stipe Mesić (born December 24, 1934) is a Croatian politician. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_(1992-1998). ... Alija Izetbegović (August 8, 1925 – October 19, 2003) was a Bosniak activist, lawyer, author, philosopher and politician, who, in 1990, became the first president of Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_(1992-1998). ... Dr. Adil Zulfikarpasic or Adil-beg ZulfikarpaÅ¡ić was a prominent and respected intellectual from Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Republika_Srpska. ... Radovan Karadžić during a visit to Moscow in 1994. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 786 × 385 pixelsFull resolution (786 × 385 pixel, file size: 53 KB, MIME type: image/png) Flag of the Republic of Serbian Krajina Flag of the Republic of Serbian Krajina. ... Milan Babić (Милан Бабић; February 26, 1956 – March 5, 2006) was from 1991 to 1995 the first President of the Republic of Serbian Krajina, a largely Serb-populated region that had broken away from Croatia. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 786 × 385 pixelsFull resolution (786 × 385 pixel, file size: 53 KB, MIME type: image/png) Flag of the Republic of Serbian Krajina Flag of the Republic of Serbian Krajina. ... Goran Hadzic (b. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 786 × 385 pixelsFull resolution (786 × 385 pixel, file size: 53 KB, MIME type: image/png) Flag of the Republic of Serbian Krajina Flag of the Republic of Serbian Krajina. ... Milan Martić (born 18 November 1954, near Knin, Yugoslavia) is an ethnic Serbian politician from Croatias Serbian minority. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Fikret Abdić (born September 29, 1939) is a Bosnian politician and businessman, mainly known for his role in the Bosnian War and his opposition to the government of Alija Izetbegović in Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Albania. ... Ibrahim Rugova (December 2, 1944 – January 21, 2006) was the first President of Kosovo and of its leading political party, the Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Macedonia. ... Boris (Kiril) Trajkovski (June 25, 1956 - February 26, 2004) (Борис Трајковски in Cyrillic) was a president of the Republic of Macedonia (1999 - 2004). ...

  • Rasim Delić
  • Sefer Halilović
  • Atif Dudaković
  • Veljko Kadijević
  • Martin Špegelj
  • Života Panić
  • Momčilo Perišić
  • Janko Bobetko
  • Mile Mrkšić
  • Ratko Mladić
  • Agim Çeku
  • Dragoljub Ojdanić
  • Flag of the Republic of Macedonia Ljube Boškoski

Other notable military commanders: Image File history File links Armija_BiH.svg‎ Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Rasim Delić (Born 4 Februaryn 1949 in Čelić, Bosnia Herzegovina). ... Image File history File links Armija_BiH.svg‎ Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Sefer Halilović (born January 6, 1952) is a high-ranked general from Bosnia and Herzegovina, currently a war crimes suspect. ... Image File history File links Armija_BiH.svg‎ Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Atif Dudaković (Born December 2, 1953 in Bosanska Dubica, Bosnia and Herzegovina) is a former general in the Bosnian army, commanding the armys 5th Corps before becoming the general commander of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina army. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Veljko Kadijević (Cyrillic: Вељко Кадиjевић) (born November 21, 1925) was the Minister of Defence in the Yugoslav government from 1988 to 1992,[1] which made him de facto commander of Yugoslav Peoples Army during the Ten-Day War and initial stages of Croatian War of Independence. ... Image File history File links Croatian_Coat_of_Arms. ... Martin Spegelj (born 1925) was the Croatian Defense Minister and former General of the 5th Yugoslav Army based in Croatia at the time. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... General Života Panić (Cyrillic: Живота Панић) (born November 3rd, 1933 in Gornja Crnisava, Yugoslavia died November 19th, 2003 in Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro) was the last acting minister of defence amd army chief of staff in the Yugoslav government. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 570 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (981 × 1032 pixel, file size: 250 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Arm patch of the Army of Yugoslavia, Army of Serbia and Montenegro and, still, Army of Serbia. ... Momčilo Perišić (son of Svetozar Perišić) is a Serbian general born on 22 May 1944 in Kostunici, Serbia, SFRY. He joined the Yugoslav People’s Army (JNA) and graduated from the Ground Forces Military Academy in 1966. ... Image File history File links Croatian_Coat_of_Arms. ... Janko Bobetko (1919 - 2003) was a Croatian army general and the Croatian armys Chief of the General Staff between 1992 and 1995. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 786 × 385 pixelsFull resolution (786 × 385 pixel, file size: 53 KB, MIME type: image/png) Flag of the Republic of Serbian Krajina Flag of the Republic of Serbian Krajina. ... We dont have an article called Mile Mrkšić Start this article Search for Mile Mrkšić in. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Ratko Mladić General Ratko Mladić during UN-mediated talks at Sarajevo airport in 1993. ... Image File history File links Uck_kla_logo. ... Agim Çeku (Serbo-Croat: Agim Čeku) (born 29 October 1960 in the village of Cuska Peć [1] in Kosovo, Serbia, then Yugoslavia), is the Prime Minister of Kosovo. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 570 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (981 × 1032 pixel, file size: 250 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Arm patch of the Army of Yugoslavia, Army of Serbia and Montenegro and, still, Army of Serbia. ... Dragoljub Ojdanić (Serbian Cyrillic: Драгољуб Ојданић) (born Jun 1, 1941 in Užice, Kingdom of Yugoslavia) was former Chief of the General Staff and Defence minister of FRY. He is currently indicted with crimes against humanity and violations of the laws or customs of war by the ICTY.[1] 1958 he joined... Image File history File links Flag_of_Macedonia. ... Ljube Boškoski (Macedonian: ) (born October 24, 1960 in Tetovo, present-day Republic of Macedonia) was the former minister of internal affairs of the Republic of Macedonia. ...

Key foreign figures: Image File history File links Croatian_Coat_of_Arms. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Image File history File links Croatian_Coat_of_Arms. ... Ante Gotovina Ante Gotovina (born October 12, 1955, Island of PaÅ¡man, Yugoslavia, now Croatia) is a former lieutenant general (general pukovnik) of the Croatian Army who served in the 1991-1995 war in Croatia. ... Image File history File links Armija_BiH.svg‎ Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Jovan Divjak (Born March 11, 1937 in Belgrade, Serbia) was a general in the Bosnian army during the 1992-1995 Bosnian War. ... Image File history File links Armija_BiH.svg‎ Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Atif Dudaković (Born December 2, 1953 in Bosanska Dubica, Bosnia and Herzegovina) is a former general in the Bosnian army, commanding the armys 5th Corps before becoming the general commander of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina army. ... Image File history File links Armija_BiH.svg‎ Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Naser Orić, (born March 3, 1967), is a former Bosnian military officer who commanded the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina forces in the Srebrenica enclave in Eastern Bosnia surrounded by Serb forces, during the 1992-1995 war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... 1973 photograph of Halema‘uma‘u Crater, site of an explosive eruption in 1924, within the main caldera User_talk:Sennheiser#Image:HVO.jpg File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Ivica Rajić (born 5 May 1958 in the village of Jehovac, Yugoslavia) was a commander in the HVO. He was responsible for the massacre in Stupni Do where at least 37 people, including women and children, were killed by Croat forces. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... A poster for the 2004 presidential elections, for which Å eÅ¡elj himself was not running, due to the fact that he was awaiting trial in The Hague. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Mirko Jović (born 13 August 1959) was the candidate for president of Serbia in the Serbian presidential election, 2004 in front of Radical Party of People, Serbia, Diaspora and European Bloc. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 786 × 385 pixelsFull resolution (786 × 385 pixel, file size: 53 KB, MIME type: image/png) Flag of the Republic of Serbian Krajina Flag of the Republic of Serbian Krajina. ... Dragan Vasiljković, nicknamed Kapetan Dragan, was a founder and captain of the Serbian paramilitary unit called Knindže, and was a golf instructor in Australia. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Željko Ražnatović (Serbian: Жељко Ражнатовић), widely known as Arkan (Аркан), (April 17, 1952 - January 15, 2000), was a Serbian paramilitary leader accused on numerous accounts of war crimes committed during Yugoslav Wars in the 1990s. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 570 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (981 × 1032 pixel, file size: 250 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Arm patch of the Army of Yugoslavia, Army of Serbia and Montenegro and, still, Army of Serbia. ... NebojÅ¡a Pavković (Serbian Cyrillic: Небојша Павковић; born in the village of Senjski Rudnik near Ćuprija in April 10, 1946) was former Chief of the General Staff of FRY. He graduated in every military school with avrage evaluation (10,00). ... Image File history File links Uck_kla_logo. ... Hashim Thaci Leader of KLA Hashim Thaci (Full Albanian variation: Hashim Thaçi; sometimes Hashim Thaqi, Serbo-Croat: HaÅ¡im Tači) (born 24 April 1968 in Buroje/Brocna in the municipality of Srbica (northwest of Drenica valley], Kosovo, Serbia, Yugoslavia) is a terrorist and the president of the Democratic... Image File history File links Uck_kla_logo. ... Ramush Haradinaj (born 3 July 1968 in the village of Glodjane near Dečani, in Kosovo, Yugoslavia) is a former guerrilla leader and prime minister of Kosovo. ... Image File history File links Uck_kla_logo. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 479 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (482 × 603 pixel, file size: 112 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Logo of the UCPMB, 2000-2001 This is a logo of an organization, item, or event, and is protected by copyright and/or trademark. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 479 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (482 × 603 pixel, file size: 112 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Logo of the UCPMB, 2000-2001 This is a logo of an organization, item, or event, and is protected by copyright and/or trademark. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 140 KB) Summary NLA Logo Licensing This is a logo of an organization, item, or event, and is protected by copyright and/or trademark. ... Ali Ahmeti (born January 4, 1959) is the political leader of the Democratic Union for Integration (Bashkimi Demokratik për Integrim), a coalition partner in the Macedonian government, despite having once been charged with terrorism from the same government. ...

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The Medak Pocket (6449 words)
Indeed one of the significant Canadian achievements during the operation was to catch Croatian forces in the act of ethnic cleansing.
For the soldiers involved in the Medak Pocket operation the next few days were the most difficult They were tasked, along with civilian police officers, and UN medical officers, to sweep the area for signs of ethnic cleansing.
The Medak Pocket provided the world with the first hard evidence that Serbia was not the sole perpetrator of ethnic cleansing in the Balkans, deconstructing the myth that the Yugoslav wars could all be neatly labelled as Serbian wars of aggression and expansion.
Operation Medak Pocket: Information from Answers.com (2487 words)
Operation Medak Pocket (Croatian: Medački džep) was a military operation undertaken by the Croatian Army between September 9 – September 17, 1993 in which a salient around the small village of Medak in the south-central Lika region of Croatia, then under the control of the self-proclaimed Republic of Serbian Krajina, was attacked by Croatian forces.
However, the operation ended in controversy after a skirmish with United Nations peacekeepers and the Croatian forces were accused of having committed serious war crimes against local Serb civilians.
Part of it was recaptured by the Croatians during Operation Flash in May 1995 and the Croatian Army took the rest of it on 4 August 1995 during Operation Storm, which ended in the defeat of the self-proclaimed Republic of Serbian Krajina.
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