Operation Summer '95
Part of the Croatian War of Independence, Bosnian War
Date July 25 - July 30, 1995 Location Western Bosnia and Herzegovina Result Decisive Croatian victory
Combatants
Croatia (HV, HVO)	Republika Srpska (VRS)
Commanders
General Ante Gotovina (HV)
Strength
Two HV Guard Brigades (4th Motorized, 7th Mechanized) Two HVO Guard Brigades (1st, 3rd Motorized) Other units	Units of the 2nd Krajina Corps of the VRS (3 motorized brigades, 5 infantry brigades, 5 light brigades and support units)

Bosnian War situation in 1995: Croatian gains during the summer offensive are light blue

Operation Summer '95 (Croatian: Operacija Ljeto '95) was a joint military offensive of Croatian Army and Croatian Defence Council forces launched in Western Bosnia and Herzegovina in July of 1995 during the Croatian War of Independence and the Bosnian War. It ended with a decisive victory for Croatian forces and paved the way for Operation Storm which was to follow in August. Combatants Croatian Army Paramilitary organisations Bosnia and Herzegovina Republic of Serb Krajina Army Yugoslav Peoples Army Paramilitary organisations Commanders Franjo TuÄ‘man (President of Croatia) Anton Tus (Chief of Staff of Croatian Army 1991-1992) Janko Bobetko (Chief of Staff of Croatian Army 1992-1995) Slobodan MiloÅ¡ević (President... Combatants Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Predominantly Bosniak) Army of Republika Srpska, Yugoslav Peoples Army, various paramilitary units from Serbia and Montenegro (Serbian) Croatian Defence Council, Croatian Army (Croatian) Commanders Alija Izetbegović (President of Bosnia and Herzegovina) Sefer Halilović (Army chief of staff 1992-1993) Rasim... July 25 is the 206th day (207th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 159 days remaining. ... July 30 is the 211th day (212th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 154 days remaining. ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Croatia. ... HV or Hv may stand for: Home video the IATA code for Transavia This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The Croatian Defence Council (Croatian Hrvatsko vijeće obrane, HVO) was the main military formation of the Croats during the Bosnian War charged with achieving the military objectives of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Republika_Srpska. ... Anthem: Bože Pravde2 (English: God of Justice) Patron Saint: Saint Stephen3 The location of Republika Srpska as part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Vrs is an abbreviation that may mean: Army of Republika Srpska Vara - a unit of length Vortex ring state - undesirable aerodynamic condition vRS - name given to the sporting Å koda Octavia and Fabia This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Ante Gotovina Ante Gotovina (born October 12, 1955) is a former lieutenant general (general pukovnik) of the Croatian Army who served in the 1991-1995 war in Croatia. ... In military science a brigade is a military unit that is part of a division and includes regiments (where that level exists), or (in modern armies) is composed of several battalions (typically two to four) and directly attached supporting units. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Armoured warfare. ... Mechanized infantry are infantry equipped with armored personnel carriers (APCs), or infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs) for transport and combat (see also mechanized force). ... Combatants Croatian Army Paramilitary organisations Bosnia and Herzegovina Republic of Serb Krajina Army Yugoslav Peoples Army Paramilitary organisations Commanders Franjo TuÄ‘man (President of Croatia) Anton Tus (Chief of Staff of Croatian Army 1991-1992) Janko Bobetko (Chief of Staff of Croatian Army 1992-1995) Slobodan MiloÅ¡ević (President... The Plitvice Lakes incident of March 1991 (known in Croatian as Plitvice Bloody Easter, Krvavi Uskrs na Plitvicama / Plitvički Krvavi Uskrs) was a clash between security forces of the Republic of Croatia and armed Serb separatists. ... The Borovo Selo killings of 2 May 1991 (known in Croatia as the Borovo Selo massacre, Croatian:Pokolj u Borovom Selu and in Serbia as the Borovo Selo incident, Serbian: Инцидент у Боровом Селу) were one of the bloodiest incidents in the early stages of the breakup of Yugoslavia. ... Combatants Yugoslav Peoples Army, Serbian paramilitaries Croatian National Guard, Croatian police and militias Commanders Mladen Bratić Života Panić Blago Zadro Mile Dedaković Branko Borković Strength Up to 36,000, depending on the phase of the battle 2,000 Casualties Unofficial Serbian figures: 1,103 dead ~2,500 wounded 110... Ovčara memorial The Vukovar massacre was an incident that took place between November 18 and November 21, 1991 near the city of Vukovar, a mixed Croat/Serb community in northeastern Croatia. ... Combatants Croatian Army (HV) Yugoslav Army (JNA) Commanders Anton Tus (Chief of Staff of Croatian Army 1991-1992) Various local commanders Veljko Kadijević (Chief of Staff of Yugoslav Peoples Army) Various local commanders Strength  ?  ? Casualties At least 15 dead  ? At least: 250 tanks, 180 Armoured personnel carriers, 100 Self... Combatants Yugoslav Army (JNA), Montenegro Territorial Defence Forces Croatian Army (HV) Commanders Veljko Kadijević (Chief of Staff of Yugoslav Peoples Army) Anton Tus (Chief of Staff of Croatian Army 1991-1992) Janko Bobetko (from 1992) Strength Between 7,500 and 20,000 men [1] Up to 2,000 soldiers... The Gospić massacre was an incident that took place between 16 October-18 October 1991 in the town of Gospić, a mixed Serb/Croat community in the district of Lika in Croatia. ... After the attacking forces of the 5th Yugoslav Peoples Army (JNA) corps (Banja Luka corps) had successfully crossed Sava river into Croatia captured Okučani in western Slavonia it was their primary objective to advance along Pakrac - GrubiÅ¡no Polje route and link up with th 28th partisan division... According to the census of 1991, Å kabrnja was inhabited by 1,953 people in 397 households, and the vast majority of them were Croats, there wasnt a single Serb resident. ... After successful completion of Operation Otkos 10, the first offensive operation of such scale by Croatian army in the homeland war, Croatian troops were in position to retake further territory and neutralize a number of serbian held military positions and fortifications. ... Voćin massacre was a massacre of between 45 and 55 Croatian civilians [1] in the village of Voćin, perpetuated by Serb paramilitary units in December 1991 during the Croatian War of Independence. ... On June 21, 1992, the Croatian army attacked the Serbian Territorial Defense on the Miljevci Plateau near Drnis in front of the eyes of UN peacekeeping force (UNPROFOR). ... Operation Maslenica is an offensive Croatian Army conducted in Northwestern Dalmatia against Krajina forces in early 1993. ... Combatants Croatia Republic of Serbian Krajina Commanders Janko Bobetko, Petar Stipetić Mile Novaković Strength Over 2,500 soldiers, T-72 tanks, Large numbers of artillery  ? Casualties 10 Croats killed, 17 wounded 38 Serbs killed, 50+ wounded Operation Medak Pocket (Croatian: Medački džep) was a military operation undertaken by... Combatants Croatia Republic of Serbian Krajina Commanders Croatian Military Command Strength 7,200 soldiers 5000 soldiers Casualties 55 killed, 162 wounded 250 killed, 1,500 POW Operation Flash (Croatian: ) was a brief and successful offensive conducted in the beginning of May 1995 by the the Croatian Army, which removed Serb... The Zagreb rocket attack was a war crime conducted by Serb armed forces that fired ground-to-ground missiles on the Croatian capital of Zagreb. ... Combatants Croatia (HV) Bosnia and Herzegovina (ABiH) Republic of Serbian Krajina (VSK) Republika Srpska (VRS) Commanders Zvonimir ÄŒervenko (HV) Atif Dudakovic (ABiH) Mile MrkÅ¡ić (VSK) Strength 150,000 soldiers, 350 tanks, 400 artillery pieces, 50 rocket launchers, 50 aircraft and helicopters 40,000 soldiers, 150 tanks, 350 artillery pieces... Combatants Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia Republika Srpska Yugoslavia Various paramilitary units from Serbia and Montenegro Commanders Alija Izetbegović (President of Bosnia and Herzegovina) Sefer Halilović (Army chief of staff 1992-1993) Rasim Delić (Army chief of Staff 1993-1995) Franjo TuÄ‘man (President of Croatia) Mate Boban (President of the... The Sijekovac massacre refers to the killings of 60 Bosnian Serb civilians in Sijekovac (a village near Brod, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina) in March 1992. ... Combatants ARBiH (1992-95) NATO Air Force (1995) JNA (1992) VRS (1992-95) Commanders Jovan Divjak Mustafa Hajrulahović Vahid Karavelić Nedžad Ajnadžić Stanislav Galić (1992-94) Dragomir MiloÅ¡ević (1994-95) Strength 40,000 badly-armed soldiers (1992) 30,000-50,000 heavily-armed troops (1992) The Siege... The ViÅ¡egrad massacre was an act of ethnic cleansing and mass murder of Bosniak civilians that occurred in the town of ViÅ¡egrad in eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina, committed by Bosnian Serb paramilitary forces of Milan Lukić at the start of the Bosnian War during the spring of 1992. ... Combatants Bosnian Serb Army USAF Strength 6 J-21 Jastreb 4+ F-16 Casualties 4 aircraft destroyed, pilots fate unknown none The Banja Luka incident, February 28, 1994, was an incident in which six Bosnian Serb Army-owned J-21 Jastreb light attack jets were engaged and four of them... Photograph from the scene, shortly after one of the massacres. ... During the War in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Operation Bøllebank was the largest combat operation by Danish forces since 1864. ... Tuzla massacre was an incident which took place during the 1992-1995 war in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the northeastern Bosnian city of Tuzla in the early evening hours of May 25, 1995, when the Army of Republika Srpska shelled a gathering of young people in the city from their... Combatants Bosnian Serb Army USAF Strength SA-6 missiles 2 F-16s Casualties none 1 aircraft destroyed The Mrkonjić Grad incident, June 2, 1995, was an incident in which a Bosnian Serb Army SA-6 surface-to-air missile shot down a USAF F-16 near Mrkonjić Grad, Bosnia. ... Burial of 505 identified Bosniak civilians (July 11, 2006) Burial of 610 identified Bosniak civilians (July 11, 2005 The Srebrenica Massacre, also known as Srebrenica Genocide,[1] was the July 1995 killing of an estimated 8,000 Bosniak males, ranging in age from young teens to the elderly, in the... Combatants Croatia (HV) Bosnia and Herzegovina (ABiH) Republic of Serbian Krajina (VSK) Republika Srpska (VRS) Commanders Zvonimir ÄŒervenko (HV) Atif Dudakovic (ABiH) Mile MrkÅ¡ić (VSK) Strength 150,000 soldiers, 350 tanks, 400 artillery pieces, 50 rocket launchers, 50 aircraft and helicopters 40,000 soldiers, 150 tanks, 350 artillery pieces... Photograph from the scene, shortly after one of the massacres. ... Combatants NATO Republika Srpska Commanders Willy Claes Ratko Mladić Casualties 1 Mirage aircraft, 2 pilots POW Undisclosed The 1995 NATO bombing in Bosnia and Herzegovina (code-named by NATO Operation Deliberate Force) was a sustained air campaign conducted by the North-Atlantic military organization to undermine the military capability of... Croatian Ground Army (Croatian: Hrvatska kopnena vojska), commonly referred as Croatian Army (Hrvatska vojska) is a branch of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia. ... The Croatian Defence Council (Croatian Hrvatsko vijeće obrane, HVO) was the main military unit of the Croats during the Bosnian War charged with achieving the military objectives of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia. ... July is the seventh month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Combatants Croatian Army Paramilitary organisations Bosnia and Herzegovina Republic of Serb Krajina Army Yugoslav Peoples Army Paramilitary organisations Commanders Franjo TuÄ‘man (President of Croatia) Anton Tus (Chief of Staff of Croatian Army 1991-1992) Janko Bobetko (Chief of Staff of Croatian Army 1992-1995) Slobodan MiloÅ¡ević (President... Combatants Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Predominantly Bosniak) Army of Republika Srpska, Yugoslav Peoples Army, various paramilitary units from Serbia and Montenegro (Serbian) Croatian Defence Council, Croatian Army (Croatian) Commanders Alija Izetbegović (President of Bosnia and Herzegovina) Sefer Halilović (Army chief of staff 1992-1993) Rasim... Combatants Croatia (HV) Bosnia and Herzegovina (ABiH) Republic of Serbian Krajina (VSK) Republika Srpska (VRS) Commanders Zvonimir ÄŒervenko (HV) Atif Dudakovic (ABiH) Mile MrkÅ¡ić (VSK) Strength 150,000 soldiers, 350 tanks, 400 artillery pieces, 50 rocket launchers, 50 aircraft and helicopters 40,000 soldiers, 150 tanks, 350 artillery pieces... For other uses, see August (disambiguation). ...

Intro

Most areas of western Bosnia and Herzegovina fell to Bosnian Serb (VRS) forces early during the war in 1992. Due to this, the only non-Serb areas in west Bosnia remaind the area around Bihać in northwestern BiH and Croat-held Herzegovina in the southwest. In 1994, Croatia and Bosnia signed the Washington Agreement, which enabled Croat and Bosnian units to cross the border in support of each other. Municipality of Bosnia and Herzegovina General Information Entity {{{entity}}} Land area Population (1991 census) 70,896 Population density Coordinates Area code +387 37 Mayor Hamdija Lipovača (SDP) Website http://www. ... Herzegovina (natively Hercegovina/Херцеговина) is a historical region in the Dinaric Alps that composes the southern part of present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... In March and May 1994, a peace agreement was mediated between the warring Bosnian Croats and the government of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and signed in Washington and Vienna. ...

By mid-1995, Croatian Army was in the process of retaking Serb-held territory in Croatia. After successful Operation Flash in May, Croat forces started to plan an offensive to capture the entire Krajina region. The most important center of this area and the capital of the self-proclaimed Republic of Serb Krajina, Knin, was the first target for the offensive as its capture would symoblize total defeat for the Serb forces in Croatia. Combatants Croatia Republic of Serbian Krajina Commanders Croatian Military Command Strength 7,200 soldiers 5000 soldiers Casualties 55 killed, 162 wounded 250 killed, 1,500 POW Operation Flash (Croatian: ) was a brief and successful offensive conducted in the beginning of May 1995 by the the Croatian Army, which removed Serb... Krajina, meaning border, is a Slavic toponym which might mean: Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosanska Krajina, same, but around Banja Luka and encompassing a larger area Cazinska Krajina, borderland of Bosnia towards Croatia around the city of Cazin. ... The borders of the RSK c. ... Knin is a historical town in the Šibenik-Knin county of Croatia, located near the source of the river Krka at , , in the Dalmatian hinterland, on the railroad Zagreb–Split. ...

In order to capture Knin, Croatian forces decided to outflank the city from the east, from the region of Bosnian Krajina. With this in mind, Operation Summer '95 was launched. As preparations for major operations, in the winter of 1994/95, a minor Operation Winter '94 was launched to establish better positions on the vital Dinara mountains. Bosanska Krajina (lit Bosnian Bosnia and Herzegovina enclosed by three rivers - Sava, Una and Vrbas. ... Dinara is one of the more prominent mountains located on the border of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. ...

The Operation

On July 25th, Croat forces attacked from Herzegovina, driving north through the Dinara hills. The attack met with only minor resistance and Croat forces could advance quickly.

The city of Bosansko Grahovo was a major stronghold for Serb forces in the area and offered fierce resistance. Croatian forces defeated these, however, inflicting heavy casualties. The city was captured on July 28th. City of Glamoč was taken the following day. Bosansko Grahovo is a town and municipality in western Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Glamoč Glamoč is a town and municipality of the same name in western Bosnia and Herzegovina. ...

The Operation was officially ended on July 30th, at which time about 1600 square kilometers of Bosnian territory were captured.

Aftermath

Main article: Operation Storm

As a result of the offensive, the south of the Croatian Serb territory in Croatia found itself surrounded from three sides and vurunable. Combatants Croatia (HV) Bosnia and Herzegovina (ABiH) Republic of Serbian Krajina (VSK) Republika Srpska (VRS) Commanders Zvonimir Červenko (HV) Atif Dudakovic (ABiH) Mile Mrkšić (VSK) Strength 150,000 soldiers, 350 tanks, 400 artillery pieces, 50 rocket launchers, 50 aircraft and helicopters 40,000 soldiers, 150 tanks, 350 artillery pieces...

Following the completition of the offensive, Croatian engineering units built roads over the Dinara mountains and the Bosnian border. When Operation Storm begun, two elite Croatian units, the 4th Guard Brigade and elements of the 7th Guard Brigade advanced from Bosnia towards Knin over these roads. Engineering is the design, analysis, and/or construction of works for practical purposes. ...

Following only minor resistance, the Croatian Serb army was routed and Knin was taken on August 5th, the second day of the offensive, by these forces acting from Bosnia.

Following the end of Storm, Croat units would continue the offensive in Bosnia, in Operation Mistral, from the area captured during Summer '95 northwards and would, along with Bosnian Army forces from Bihać, recapture entire western Bosnia until the signing of the Dayton Agreement and the end of the war. General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, i. ...

References

• (Croatian) Storm info
• (Croatian) Slobodna Dalmacija news article on Storm and battles before it