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Encyclopedia > Operation Summer Rains
Operation Summer Rains
Part of al-Aqsa Intifada

An Israeli M109 howitzer fires into Gaza.
Date June 28, 2006 – August 28, 2006 [6]
Location Gaza Strip
Result Unresolved
Casus belli Hamas cross-border attack killing two Israeli soldiers and kidnapping of Corporal Gilad Shalit
Combatants
Israel Defense Forces (Israeli Security Forces) Hamas
Popular Resistance Committees,
al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades,
Jaish al-Islam
Commanders
Dan Halutz (Chief of Staff)
Yoav Galant (Regional)		 Khaled Mashal (Leader of Hamas[1])
Mohammed Deif (Leader of Hamas' military wing)
Strength
3,000 unknown
Casualties
5 soldiers killed
21 soldiers wounded
1 soldier captured
24 civilians wounded />1 civilian captured
Timeline
Figures not confirmed or verified		 239 militants killed
84 civilians killed
5 policemen killed
2 Presidental Guards killed
900+ injured Timeline
Figures not confirmed or verified
Al-Aqsa Intifada
Defensive Shield – Rainbow – Days of Penitence – Summer Rains  – Autumn Clouds

Operation Summer Rains (Hebrew: מבצע גשמי קיץ, Operation Summer Rains) is the codename for an Israeli military operation into the Gaza Strip that began on June 28, 2006. It is the first landed entrance by a massive lsraeli military presence in Gaza since Israel's unilateral disengagement plan. The wreckage of a commuter bus in Jerusalem after a suicide bombing on Tuesday, 18 June 2002. ... Image File history File links 54492. ... M109 self-propelled howitzer. ... June 28 is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 186 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... August 28 is the 240th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (241st in leap years), with 125 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Casus belli is a modern Latin language expression meaning the justification for acts of war. ... Hamas (Arabic: ‎; acronym: Arabic: ‎, or Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya or Islamic Resistance Movement; the Arabic acronym means zeal) is a Palestinian Sunni Islamist organization that currently forms the majority party of the Palestinian National Authority. ... Gilad Shalit (Hebrew: , born 28 August 1986) is a corporal in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) (Hebrew: צבא ×”×”×’× ×” לישראל , [Army] Force for the Defense of Israel), often abbreviated with the Hebrew acronym צהל Tsahal, alternative English spelling Tzahal, is the name of Israels armed forces, comprising the Israeli Army, the Israeli Air Force and the Israeli Navy. ... The Israeli Security Forces (ISF) are several organizations collectively responsible for Israels security. ... Hamas Logo from the Hamas web site: www. ... Hamas (Arabic: ‎; acronym: Arabic: ‎, or Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya or Islamic Resistance Movement; the Arabic acronym means zeal) is a Palestinian Sunni Islamist organization that currently forms the majority party of the Palestinian National Authority. ... The Popular Resistance Committees (PRC) are a Palestinian militant network which operates in the Gaza Strip and are regarded as terrorist organizations by Israel and the United States. ... The al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades (كتائب شهداء الأقصى) are a Palestinian armed terrorist group closely linked to the Fatah party. ... The Palestinian Army of Islam is a Palestinian resistence group. ... General Dan Halutz (Hebrew: ) (born 1948 in Hagor to an Iranian-Jewish family) is an Israeli Air Force Lt. ... Insignia of the Rav Aluf The Ramatkal (Hebrew: רמטכל, abbr. ... Maj. ... The Israeli Southern Command is a regional command of the Israel Defense Forces. ... Khaled Mashal, also known as Khaled Mashaal (Arabic: خالد مشعل) (b. ... Hamas (Arabic: ‎; acronym: Arabic: ‎, or Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya or Islamic Resistance Movement; the Arabic acronym means zeal) is a Palestinian Sunni Islamist organization that currently forms the majority party of the Palestinian National Authority. ... Mohammed Deif (Arabic: محمد ضيف ) is a commander of the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military wing of Hamas. ... Hamas, acronym of Harakat al-Muqawamah al-Islamiyyah (Arabic: Islamic Resistance Movement, Hamas is also Arabic for zeal or courage) is a Palestinian Islamist paramilitary and political organization, regarded by some as a militant organization and by others as a terrorist group. ... This is the account of casualties suffered by Israelis and Palestinians during the 2006 Israel-Gaza conflict, from June 25 to November 5. ... This is the account of casualties suffered by Israelis and Palestinians during the 2006 Israel-Gaza conflict, from June 25 to November 5. ... The wreckage of a commuter bus in Jerusalem after a suicide bombing on Tuesday, 18 June 2002. ... Operation Defensive Shield (In Hebrew, מבצע חומת מגן) was a large-scale military operation conducted by the Israeli Defence Forces in April 2002. ... Operation Rainbow (In Hebrew, מבצע קשת בענן) is a controversial military operation which began on May 18, 2004 in the Gaza Strip. ... Combatants Israel Defense Forces Hamas Casualties 5 killed (3 Of them civilians) 104 - 133 killed (42 of them civilians) Operation Days of Penitence (In Hebrew, מבצע ימי תשובה) was the name used by Israel to describe an Israel Defense Forces operation in the northern Gaza Strip, conducted between September 30, 2004 and October... Combatants Israel Defense Forces (Israeli Security Forces) Hamas Popular Resistance Committees, al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades, Jaish al-Islam Commanders Dan Halutz (Chief of Staff) Yoav Galant (Regional) Khaled Mashal (Leader of Hamas[1])Mohammed Deif (Leader of Hamas military wing) Casualties 1 killed[1] 48 killed (mostly civilians) 200 wounded... Hebrew redirects here. ... June 28 is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 186 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) (Hebrew: צבא ×”×”×’× ×” לישראל , [Army] Force for the Defense of Israel), often abbreviated with the Hebrew acronym צהל Tsahal, alternative English spelling Tzahal, is the name of Israels armed forces, comprising the Israeli Army, the Israeli Air Force and the Israeli Navy. ... Israels unilateral disengagement plan (termed in Hebrew: תוכנית ההתנתקות Tokhnit HaHitnatkut or תכנית ההינתקות Tokhnit HaHinatkut in the Disengagement Plan Implementation Law), also known as the disengagement plan, Gaza Pull-Out plan, and Hitnatkut) was a proposal by Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, adopted by the government and enacted in August 2005, to...


Israel maintains that it mobilized thousands of troops in order to suppress Qassam rocket fire against its civilian population and to secure the release of Corporal Gilad Shalit. It is estimated that between 7,000 and 9,000 heavy Israeli artillery shells have been fired into Gaza since September 2005, killing 80 Palestinians in 6 months.[2] On the Palestinian side, approximately 1,000 Qassam rockets are believed to have been fired into Israel.[3] Israeli forces are also continuing to search for underground tunnels used by militants to smuggle weapons, as well as monitor operations at checkpoints (with some assistance from the European Union]) for security reasons, specifically possible weapons transfers and uninhibited return of exiled extremist leaders and terrorists.[4][5][6][7][8] As of October 18, 2006, Israel has discovered 20 tunnels used for illegal arms smuggling under the border of the Gaza Strip and Egypt.[9] Corporal is a rank in use in some form by most militaries, police forces or other uniformed organizations around the world. ... Gilad Shalit (Hebrew: , born 28 August 1986) is a corporal in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). ... The remnants of an exploded Qassam rocket that was fired from the Gaza Strip at Israel. ...


Israel has stated that it will withdraw from Gaza and end the operation as soon as Shalit is released.[10] The Palestinians say the assault is aimed at toppling the democratically elected Hamas-led government and at destabilizing the Palestinian National Authority, citing the targeting of civilian infrastructure such as a power station and the captures of government and parliament members. Some 300 terrorists have been targeted by the IDF in Gaza since the kidnapping of Corporal Gilad Shalit.[11] Hamas (Arabic: ‎; acronym: Arabic: ‎, or Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya or Islamic Resistance Movement; the Arabic acronym means zeal) is a Palestinian Sunni Islamist organization that currently forms the majority party of the Palestinian National Authority. ... Anthem: Biladi Capital None. ... Oil power plant in Iraq A power station or power plant is a facility for the generation of electric power. ... The Palestinian Legislative Council, (sometimes referred to to as the Palestinan Parliament) the legislature of the Palestinian Authority, is a unicameral body with 88 members, elected from 16 electoral districts in the West Bank and Gaza. ...

Contents

Background

See also Timeline up to 2006 Gaza crisis This document contains a timeline of events leading up to Operation Summer Rains. ...


Exchange of fire

After Israel's unilateral disengagement plan, pulling 9 thousand settlers from Gush Katif in the Gaza Strip in the summer of 2005, tensions had remained high in Gaza due to the continued shelling of populated areas in Israel with Qassam rocket attacks launched by Palestinians from Gaza into areas such as the Israeli city of Sderot, reported to have exceeded 800 rockets in the past seven months.[12]. Between the end of March and the end of May 2006, Israel fired at least 5,100 artillery shells into the Gaza Strip Qassam launching areas in an attempt to stop them from firing.[13] Israels unilateral disengagement plan (termed in Hebrew: תוכנית ההתנתקות Tokhnit HaHitnatkut or תכנית ההינתקות Tokhnit HaHinatkut in the Disengagement Plan Implementation Law), also known as the disengagement plan, Gaza Pull-Out plan, and Hitnatkut) was a proposal by Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, adopted by the government and enacted in August 2005, to... The remnants of an exploded Qassam rocket that was fired from the Gaza Strip at Israel. ... Sederot (Hebrew: (help·info); unofficially also spelled Sderot) is a city in the Southern District of Israel in Israel. ...


On June 9, during or shortly after an Israeli operation, an explosion occurred on a busy Gaza beach, killing eight Palestinian civilians.[14][15] An investigation was promised by Israeli authorities, Israeli Defence Minister Amir Peretz and Chief of Staff Dan Halutz appeared alongside IDF General Klifi to announce the findings of an internal military enquiry. The enquiry disregarded the chance of Israeli artillery fire causing the deaths as "nil". The Israeli authorities theorised the deaths could have been caused by old ordnance. They also theorised that the deaths were caused by a Palestinian planted mine.[16] A spokesman for the US based Human Rights act aired the opinion that the injuries sustained by the Palestinian victims were "inconsistent" with an explosion from beneath the sand.[16] Israeli shelling was temporarily suspended, but resumed soon after and reached more than a thousand shells per week by the end of the month.[17] Other Israeli missile attacks included one on the Gaza highway on June 13 that killed 11 Palestinians and injured 30, and on June 20 that killed 3 Palestinians and wounded 15.[18][19] June 9 is the 160th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (161st in leap years), with 205 days remaining. ... The Gaza beach blast[1] was an event on June 9, 2006 in which eight Palestinians were killed — including the entire family of seven year old Huda Ghaliya — and at least thirty others injured in an explosion at a beach near the municipality of Beit Lahia in the Gaza Strip. ... June 13 is the 164th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (165th in leap years), with 201 days remaining. ... June 20 is the 171st day of the year (172nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 194 days remaining. ...


Hamas formally withdrew from its 16-month ceasefire on June 10, and began openly taking responsibility for the ongoing Qassam rocket attacks, although they have been firing for the past 8 months.[20] Confusion continues to dog commentators over the relationship which exists between the Hamas military and political wing. During the ceasefire, Hamas had regularly been implicated in similar attacks carried out by other Palestinian terrorist groups, as well as engaging in its own attacks.[21][22] Hamas (Arabic: ‎; acronym: Arabic: ‎, or Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya or Islamic Resistance Movement; the Arabic acronym means zeal) is a Palestinian Sunni Islamist organization that currently forms the majority party of the Palestinian National Authority. ... A ceasefire is a temporary stoppage of a war, or any armed conflict, where each side of the conflict agrees with the other to suspend aggressive actions. ...


The Economist reported that plans for the capture and the incursion were laid in advance. They also theorize that perhaps Israel used the kidnapping as an excuse to launch them.[23] In a June 29th, 2006 Democracy Now interview, Norman Finkelstein discussed the usage of Qassams in contrast Israeli artillery shelling: "Since Israel withdrew from Gaza in September 2005 ‘til today, the estimates run between 7,000 and 9,000 heavy artillery shells have been shot and fired into Gaza. On the Palestinian side, the estimates are approximately 1,000 Kassam missiles, crude missiles, have been fired into Israel"..."approximately 80 Palestinians have been killed in Gaza due to Israel artillery firing"..."There have been exactly eight Israelis killed in the last five years from the Kassam missiles. [7] Shimon Peres, a prominent figure in the Israeli Left, claimed that Israel can afford to ignore Qassam fire[8]. Some Israelis counter that Israel cannot permit militants to continually impinge its sovereignty and security with impunity. Democracy Now! is an independent, award-winning news and opinion radio program airing on over 300 stations across North America every weekday, as well as both satellite television networks. ... Norman G. Finkelstein (born December 8, 1953) is a professor of political science and controversial American author. ... Historically, artillery (from French artillerie) refers to any engine used for the discharge of projectiles during war. ... (Hebrew שִׁמְעוֹן פֶּרֶס without Niqqud: שמעון פרס) (born Shimon Perske on August 16, 1923 in Poland, and immigrated with his family to Israel in 1934), is an Israeli politician, who was a supporter of the Labor Party until December 2005, but still holding a status of member. ...


Raids and captures

On June 24, 2006, Israeli commandos entered the Gaza Strip in the first capture raid into the Strip since Israel pulled out of Gaza in September 2005. In the raid they captured two Palestinians, identified by neighbors as brothers Osama Muamar, 31, and Mustafa, 20, who Israel claims are Hamas militants. [24][25][26] Noam Chomsky has claimed in a recent interview that these two Palestinians were civilians, a doctor and his brother.[27] Many, however, question or criticize Chomsky's credibility. June 24 is the 175th day of the year (176th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 190 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Israels unilateral disengagement plan (termed in Hebrew: תוכנית ההתנתקות Tokhnit HaHitnatkut or תכנית ההינתקות Tokhnit HaHinatkut in the Disengagement Plan Implementation Law), also known as the disengagement plan, Gaza Pull-Out plan, and Hitnatkut) was a proposal by Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, adopted by the government and enacted in August 2005, to... The Muamar family detention incident occurred very early on the morning of June 24, 2006, in the first capture of Palestinians in Gaza by Israeli Defence Forces (IDF) since the Israeli evacuation of Gaza one year earlier,[1] when IDF soldiers entered the house of the Muamar family in a... Noam Chomsky Avram Noam Chomsky (born December 7, 1928) is the Institute Professor Emeritus of linguistics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. ...


On June 25, 2006, armed Palestinians crossed the border from the Gaza Strip into Israel via a makeshift tunnel and attacked an Israel Defense Forces post. During the morning attack, two Palestinian militants and two Israel Defense Force soldiers were killed and four others wounded, in addition to Corporal Gilad Shalit, who suffered a broken left hand and a light shoulder wound. Hamas claimed that the attack was carried out in response to the death of the Ralia family on north Gaza beach a few weeks before, but the IDF concluded that the digging of the tunnel must have taken between 3 and 6 months.[28][29] June 25 is the 176th day of the year (177th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 189 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) (Hebrew: צבא ההגנה לישראל , [Army] Force for the Defense of Israel), often abbreviated with the Hebrew acronym צהל Tsahal, alternative English spelling Tzahal, is the name of Israels armed forces, comprising the Israeli Army, the Israeli Air Force and the Israeli Navy. ... Gilad Shalit (Hebrew: , born 28 August 1986) is a corporal in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). ...


Shalit's captors issued a series of statements demanding the release of all female Palestinian prisoners and all Palestinian prisoners under the age of 18.[30] The statements came from Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades (the military wing of Palestinian governing party Hamas), the Popular Resistance Committees (which includes members of Fatah, Islamic Jihad and Hamas), and the Army of Islam. Hamas, acronym of Harakat al-Muqawamah al-Islamiyyah (Arabic: Islamic Resistance Movement, Hamas is also Arabic for zeal or courage) is a Palestinian Islamist paramilitary and political organization, regarded by some as a militant organization and by others as a terrorist group. ... Hamas (Arabic: ‎; acronym: Arabic: ‎, or Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya or Islamic Resistance Movement; the Arabic acronym means zeal) is a Palestinian Sunni Islamist organization that currently forms the majority party of the Palestinian National Authority. ... Fatah (Arabic: فتح); a reverse acronym from the Arabic name Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini (literally: Palestinian National Liberation Movement) is a major Palestinian political party and the largest organization in the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), a multi-party confederation. ... The emblem of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad shows a map of the land they claim as Palestine (roughly, present-day Israel, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip) superimposed on the images of the Dome of the Rock, two fists and two rifles. ... The Palestinian Army of Islam is a Palestinian resistence group. ...


More than 8,000 Palestinians are held as prisoners by the Israel Defense Forces and Israel Prisons Service. Approximately two thirds of these prisoners were convicted in court, while around ten percent are held without charge. [31]


IDF Summary

On July 29, 2006, the Israel Defense Forces issued a summary of activity in the Gaza Strip [9]: July 29 is the 210th day (211th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 155 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) (Hebrew: צבא ההגנה לישראל , [Army] Force for the Defense of Israel), often abbreviated with the Hebrew acronym צהל Tsahal, alternative English spelling Tzahal, is the name of Israels armed forces, comprising the Israeli Army, the Israeli Air Force and the Israeli Navy. ...

Early this morning, July 29, 2006, the IDF began engineering work in the Erez industrial area in the northern Gaza Strip in order to thwart terror threats and to discover tunnels and explosive devices in area.
In addition, the IDF carried out aerial attacks against a structure used by Hamas to store and manufacture weaponry in Gaza City, as well as a tunnel located along the Israeli-Egyptian border near Rafah in the southern Gaza Strip.
Prior to the attacks on these targets, in order to ensure the safety of the residents of the Gaza Strip, the IDF warned the population not to stay in structures that are used by terrorist organizations for storing weapons.
Terrorist organizations operate from within civilian population, while cynically exploiting uninvolved civilians and using them as human shields, exploiting their homes to store weapons and launch rockets at Israeli towns from populated areas.
The IDF will continue to act with determination against terrorist organizations and terror infrastructure in order to create the conditions for the return of Corporal Gilad Shalit and to stop terror attacks and the launching of missiles against Israel.

Operation Summer Rains

IDF enters Southern Gaza

An IDF ground forces Achzarit heavy APC enters southern Gaza
Enlarge
An IDF ground forces Achzarit heavy APC enters southern Gaza

Israeli forces entered Khan Yunis on June 28, 2006 to search for Shalit. Four Israeli F-16s flew over the Latakia residence of Bashar Assad, President of Syria, in a symbolic move linked by the IDF Spokesperson's Office to Israel's view of the Syrian leadership as a sponsor of terrorism, and the presence in Syria of Hamas leader Khaled Mashal.[32] In preparation for the Israeli operation, the government of Egypt announced it deployed 2,500 policemen to the border of Egypt and the Gaza Strip in order to prevent the possible transfer of Shalit into Egypt, as well as to prevent an influx of refugees out of the Palestinian territory. Image File history File links Summerains. ... Image File history File links Summerains. ... Mazi logo The Israeli GOC Army headquarters (Hebrew: , Mifkedet Zroa HaYabasha), abbreviated as Mazi (מזי), is a multi-corps command headquarters created in 1998, which amalgamates the ground forces of the Israel Defense Forces. ... Achzarit in Yad la-Shiryon museum, Israel. ... East German BRDMs on parade during celebrations of the 40th anniversary of East Germany in 1989 Armoured personnel carriers (APCs) are light armoured fighting vehicles for the transport of infantry. ... Map of the Gaza Strip from The World Factbook. ... Khan Yunis (Arabic: ‎; literally Jonahs Inn) is a city and adjacent refugee camp in the southern part of the Gaza Strip. ... June 28 is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 186 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The F-16 Fighting Falcon is a multi-role jet fighter aircraft developed by General Dynamics in the United States. ... Roundabout in Latakia Latakia (Arabic: اللاذقية Al-Ladhiqiyah, Greek:Λαοδικεία) is the principal port city of Syria. ... Bashar al_Assad Bashar al_Assad (بشار الاسد) (born September 11, 1965) is the current President of Syria and the son of former President Hafez al-Assad. ... This page lists presidents and other Heads of State of Syria. ... The IDF Spokespersons Unit is a unit in the IDF Operations Directorate, responsible for information policy and media relations. ... Hamas (Arabic: ‎; acronym: Arabic: ‎, or Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya or Islamic Resistance Movement; the Arabic acronym means zeal) is a Palestinian Sunni Islamist organization that currently forms the majority party of the Palestinian National Authority. ... Khaled Mashal, also known as Khaled Mashaal (Arabic: خالد مشعل) (b. ...


In the early hours of the operation, several Palestinian civilian locations were targeted. Bridges were destroyed to effectively cut the Gaza Strip in half. Power was also cut to 65% of the Gaza Strip after Israeli planes fired at least nine missiles at Gaza's only power station. Israeli forces also occupied the Gaza International Airport. Airstrikes were carried out on Hamas training and munitions camps, though no casualties were reported.[33][34] Gaza International Airport is located in the Gaza Strip, close to the Egyptian border. ... An airstrike is a military strike by air forces on an enemy ground position, which depending on the selected tactics may or may not be followed up by artillery, armor, and/or infantry units. ...


In apparent response to this, the Popular Resistance Committees announced they had abducted an 18-year-old man from the West Bank settlement of Itamar, Eliyahu Asheri, and would kill him if the invasion continued.[35] On 29 June, IDF combat engineers and Shabak agents, acting on intelligence, found Asheri's body in an abandoned car in an open field outside of Ramallah. The youth appeared to have been shot to death, and findings indicated that he may have been killed as early as Sunday, casting doubt on the PRC's earlier claims that he was alive and kept in captivity.[36] The Popular Resistance Committees (PRC) are a Palestinian militant network which operates in the Gaza Strip and are regarded as terrorist organizations by Israel and the United States. ... Eliyahu Asheri (apprx. ... June 29 is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 185 days remaining. ... The Israeli Engineering Corps are the combat engineering forces of צהל - the Israeli Defence Forces. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not include all significant viewpoints. ...


Although the Popular Resistance Committees said it was behind the attack, it became known that the kidnapping was planned and carried out by Fatah militants.[37] Four suspects were captured by IDF forces for kidnapping and killing Asheri, all al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades activists and Palestinian Preventive Security force members. Fatah (Arabic: فتح); a reverse acronym from the Arabic name Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini (literally: Palestinian National Liberation Movement) is a major Palestinian political party and the largest organization in the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), a multi-party confederation. ... The al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades (كتائب شهداء الأقصى) are a Palestinian armed terrorist group closely linked to the Fatah party. ...


The al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades later announced that they had captured a third Israeli, Noach Moskovich from the central Israeli city of Rishon LeZion.[38] However Moskovich was eventually discovered dead, apparently of natural causes, near the spot where he had last been seen.[39][40] The Brigades also threatened that, should there be any Palestinian civilian casualties as a result of the incursion, they would attack Israel's overseas embassies. As night fell, the Israel Defence Forces began shelling locations in Gaza with artillery, and hit two weapons warehouses.[41] Rishon Le Zion in 2002 Rishon LeZion, or Rishon LeZiyyon (ראשון לציון) is a city in Israel, on the central coastal strip, in the Center District of Israel, just south of Tel Aviv, and part of the Tel Aviv metropolitan area (Gush... Dope Hiphop crew out of Sydney Australia. ...


Incursion into Northern Gaza

Israeli Merkava tanks on the north Gaza border
Israeli Merkava tanks on the north Gaza border

As night approached 28 June, IDF troops and tanks massed on the Northern border of Gaza Strip, and prepared to take strategic positions in the second phase of the operation, which Israel claims targeted the Qassam rocket sites.[42] Qassam rockets were continually fired into Israel, and during the early hours of 29 June, several Israeli naval vessels shelled Qassam locations.[43] Thousands of leaflets advising civilians to leave their homes were dropped on inhabited areas in the northern Gaza Strip towns of Beit Lahia and Beit Hanoun which Israel had identified as frequent launch sites for Qassam rockets.[44] Image File history File links Gaza-tanks. ... Merkava (Hebrew:  , chariot) is a series of main battle tanks developed and manufactured by Israel Military Industries for the Israel Defense Forces. ... June 28 is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 186 days remaining. ... The remnants of an exploded Qassam rocket that was fired from the Gaza Strip at Israel. ... June 29 is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 185 days remaining. ...


An explosion was reported in Gaza City, and eyewitnesses reported it was at the Islamic University. The university is believed to be a pro-Hamas institute.[45] Witnesses reported Israeli tanks, soldiers, and bulldozers entering Northern Gaza. Following a plea from Egypt for more time for negotiations however, the IDF later announced it would put a hold on the second phase to give the militants a final chance to turn over Shalit. [46]


Arrest of Hamas government members
The neutrality of this section is disputed.
Please see the discussion on the talk page .
IDF soldiers arresting Hamas officials in Ramallah
IDF soldiers arresting Hamas officials in Ramallah

On 29 June, Israel arrested 64 Hamas officials. Amongst them were Palestinian Authority cabinet ministers and members of the Palestinian Legislative Council[47]. Eight Hamas government members (five of whom in Ramallah) and up to twenty Legislative Council representatives were detained in the operation. Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ... Image File history File links Idf-arrests. ... Ramallah (Arabic:  ) is a Palestinian city in the West Bank of approximately 57,000 residents. ... June 29 is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 185 days remaining. ... The Palestinian Legislative Council, (sometimes referred to to as the Palestinan Parliament) the legislature of the Palestinian Authority, is a unicameral body with 88 members, elected from 16 electoral districts in the West Bank and Gaza. ...


Among those arrested are the Finance Minister Abed Razek; Labour Minister Mohammad Barghouti;[33] Religious Affairs Minister Nayef Rajoub, brother of former West Bank strongman Jibril Rajoub of the rival Fatah party; East Jerusalem legislative council member and number two on Hamas list, Muhammad Abu Tir; as well as heads of regional councils, and the mayor of Qalqilyah and his deputy. At least a third of the Hamas cabinet have been detained and held by Israel. As a result, Hamas officials have gone into hiding. Abed Razek or Umar Abed al-Razek is the Finance Minister of the Hamas led Palestinian Authority cabinet. ... Mohammad Barghouti is the Labour Minister of the Hamas led Palestinian Authority cabinet. ... Nayef Rajoub was born in 1958. ... Jibril Rajoub was Yasir Arafats National Security Advisor, a member of the Fatah Revolutionary Council. ... Fatah (Arabic: فتح); a reverse acronym from the Arabic name Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini (literally: Palestinian National Liberation Movement) is a major Palestinian political party and the largest organization in the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), a multi-party confederation. ... East Jerusalem is that part of Jerusalem which was held by Jordan from the 1948 Arab-Israeli War until the Six-Day War in 1967. ... Muhammad Hassan Abu Tir (born 1951, Umm Tuba, East Jerusalem) is the No. ... Qalqilyah (Arabic قلقيلية ; Standard Hebrew קלקיליה Qalqilya) is a Palestinian city in the West Bank. ...


The IDF stated that the arrested Hamas ministers "are not bargaining chips for the return of the soldier - it was simply an operation against a terrorist organization".[48] Israeli Minister of National Infrastructure, Benjamin Ben-Eliezer, hinted that the Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority, Ismail Haniya, is not immune from being arrested or attacked by the Security Forces. The Israeli army and government officials said, the arrested Hamas officials will be questioned and eventually indicted.[44] "Their arrests were not arbitrary. They will be put to trial, and they will be able to defend themselves in accordance with a legal system which is internationally recognized," Israeli Deputy Prime Minister Shimon Peres said, explaining the arrest of Hamas members.[49] Brigadier-General (Res. ... The Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority is the head of government of the Palestinian government. ... Ismail Haniya (more frequently Haniyeh) (born 1963) (Arabic: إسماعيل هنية) is the Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority. ... The Israel Security Forces (ISF) are several organizations collectively responsible for Israels security. ... There are currently two Deputy Prime-Ministers in the State of Israel. ... (Hebrew שִׁמְעוֹן פֶּרֶס without Niqqud: שמעון פרס) (born Shimon Perske on August 16, 1923 in Poland, and immigrated with his family to Israel in 1934), is an Israeli politician, who was a supporter of the Labor Party until December 2005, but still holding a status of member. ...


The operation to arrest these Hamas ministers was reportedly planned several weeks before and was met then with the approval of Israel's Attorney General, Menachem Mazuz. On 28 June, Shabak Director Yuval Diskin brought a list of names to the approval of Israel's Prime Minister, Ehud Olmert. Mazuz decided that those arrested will be prosecuted for the criminal offences of failing to prevent acts of terror and membership of a terrorist organization (which carry a maximum sentence of twenty years) and tried by military judges before an open military tribunal, as would be the case for any other Gaza or West Bank resident.[50]
In most common law jurisdictions, the Attorney General is the main legal adviser to the government, and in some jurisdictions may in addition have executive responsibility for law enforcement or responsibility for public prosecutions. ... Menachem Mazuz (Hebrew: מנחם מזוז) (born 1955) is an Israeli jurist, who currently serves as Israels Attorney General. ... June 28 is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 186 days remaining. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not include all significant viewpoints. ... Yuval Diskin (Hebrew: יובל דיסקין) (born: 1956) is the 12th and current Director of Shabak. ... The Military Advocate General assists the Israel Defense Forces in imposing rules of conduct through legal advice, legal instruction, maintaining the mechanisms for military prosecution and legal defense, and fulfilling special legal tasks. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ...


August 6, Israeli forces detained the Speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council, Aziz Dweik, at his home in the West Bank. Dweik, who is regarded as a key member of Hamas, was apprehended after Israeli military-vehicles surrounded his home in Ramallah[51]. August 6 is the 218th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (219th in leap years), with 147 days remaining. ... The Speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council is the chairman of the Palestinian Legislative Council. ... Abdel Aziz Duwaik (Arabic: عبد العزيز دويك) is a member of Hamas and the new Speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council and member from the West Bank. ...


Bombardment phase

An aerial attack is carried out on the Palestinian Prime Minister's office.
An aerial attack is carried out on the Palestinian Prime Minister's office.

Beginning on 30 June, the IDF began to hit the Gaza Strip with a variety of targeted bombardments. Israeli warplanes struck more than a dozen times in Gaza in the hours after midnight, hitting a Fatah office and a Hamas facility in Gaza City as well as roads and open fields.[citation needed]Israeli Air Force aircraft struck the Palestinian Interior Ministry in Gaza City. The Israel Defense Forces confirmed its planes hit the office of Interior Minister Said Siyam, which it called "a meeting place to plan and direct terror activity". Shortly after, several militants approached an IDF position in Southern Gaza carrying anti-tank weaponry. The Israeli forces opened fire, wounding two militants, and causing them to leave their position.[citation needed] Image File history File links 53628. ... June 30 is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 184 days remaining. ... Fatah (Arabic: فتح); a reverse acronym from the Arabic name Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini (literally: Palestinian National Liberation Movement) is a major Palestinian political party and the largest organization in the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), a multi-party confederation. ... The Israeli Air Force (IAF) (Hebrew: זרוע האוויר והחלל Zroa HaAvir VeHaḤalal, literally Air and Space Arm) is the air force of the Israel Defense Forces and currently operates around 900 aircraft. ...


In a separate Israeli airstrike, three missiles hit the office of Khaled Abu Ilal, a Interior Ministry official, who also heads a pro-Hamas militia.[52]


After Israeli warnings that the Palestinian Prime Minister Ismail Haniya could be targeted for assassination if Corporal Shalit was not freed,[53] Israeli aircraft hit the Prime Minister's office with two missiles in the early hours of 2 July.[54] The Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority is the head of government of the Palestinian government. ... Ismail Haniya (more frequently Haniyeh) (born 1963) (Arabic: إسماعيل هنية) is the Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority. ... Assassin and Targeted killing redirect here. ... July 2 is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 182 days remaining. ...


On July 12, the IDF droped a 550lb bomb on a building in Gaza City, killing a family of nine. A spokesman for the Israeli army said they were trying to kill a group of Hamas militants led by Mohammed Deif, and did not know that a family was living inside the house when they bombed it. [55] July 12 is the 193rd day (194th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 172 days remaining. ...


High-trajectory fire into Israel

On July 4, high-trajectory fire by Palestinian militants into Israel reached a milestone when an improved Qassam rocket succeeded in reaching central Ashkelon, the first Palestinian-made rocket to do so, hitting an empty school yard, and causing light damage and no injuries. [56] For the United States holiday, the Fourth of July, see Independence Day (United States). ... The remnants of an exploded Qassam rocket that was fired from the Gaza Strip at Israel. ... Ashkelon or Ashqelon (Hebrew אַשְׁקְלוֹן; Standard Hebrew Ašqəlon; Tiberian Hebrew ʾAšqəlôn; Arabic عسقلان ; Latin Ascalon) was an ancient Philistine seaport on the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea just north of Gaza. ...


The next day, two more Qassam rockets hit a neighborhood in southern Ashkelon, wounding 8 civilians. The IDF was given the go-ahead to move into Northern Gaza with a large force, with the stated aim of attempting to push the militants farther into Gaza, and out of range from Ashkelon and other coastal towns. [57]


Qassams also struck near Netivot (which is 12 km. east of Northern Gaza),[58] Saad,[59] Kibbutz Kfar Azza, as well as smaller towns and kibbutzim in the Negev.[60]


Ongoing responses

On July 5, 2006, the Israeli Security Cabinet called for prolonged and gradual military action in Gaza. A communique issued after the meeting said that in light of the kidnapping of Cpl. Gilad Shalit and the continuation of the rocket fire on Israel, "preparations will be made to bring about a change in the rules of the game and mode of operating with the Palestinian Authority and Hamas." July 5 is the 186th day of the year (187th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 179 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...


Later that day IDF soldiers apprehended a Palestinian wearing an explosives belt, who entered the industrial zone in the West Bank town of Barkan, near the Jewish settlement of Ariel, in a Palestinian taxi which the IDF said was destined for a major Israeli city.[61][62] Barkan (Hebrew: ברקן), is an Israeli settlement located in the West Bank region of Samaria, about 25 km east of Tel Aviv, under the administrative local government of the Shomron Regional Council. ... Ariel (Hebrew: אריאל) is an Israeli city located in the biblical region of Samaria (northern Israeli administered West Bank) near the ancient village of Timnat Serah. ...


Ground Operation in Northern Gaza Strip

On July 6, 2006, the IDF's Golani Brigade under the command of Colonel Tamir Yadai, backed by IAF jets and artillery fire, reoccupied the site of three former Israeli settlements of Dugit, Nisanit and Elei Sinai in the northern Gaza Strip. Additional forces entered the nearby Palestinian town of Beit Lahiya. A Beit Lahiya resident was quoted in Ynetnews.com as saying, "It's a crazy scene — everyone is shooting at everyone," and "Soldiers are coming out of the trees, from the rooftops. The residents don't know if they should leave their homes or hide."[63] Israeli tanks and helicopter gunships entered Beit Lahiya firing at militant positions. Palestinian militants responded with automatic weapons fire.[64] July 6 is the 187th day of the year (188th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 178 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Dugit (Hebrew:דוגית) was an Israeli settlement located in the northern tip of the Gaza Strip closet to the shore of the Mediterranean Sea in a mini-settlement bloc including Elei Sinai and Nisanit. ... Nisanit was an Israeli settlement in Gaza Strip north of Gush Katif. ... Elei Sinai (Hebrew: ) was a community settlement in the north of Gaza Strip. ... Yediot Ahronoth house in Tel Aviv, Israel Yedioth Ahronoth (Hebrew: , meaning latest news) is a major Hebrew language tabloid newspaper published in Israel. ...


Impact on Gaza Strip residents

Palestinian officials say that it could take six months and some $15 million to repair the damage done to the destroyed power plant. [65]


According to the Palestinian Environmental NGOs Network, "The public health and safety and environmental hazards stemming from the damage caused to infrastructure as a result of this military operation include water shortages, contaminated remaining drinking water, uncontrolled discharge and untreated sewage flowing in the streets resulting in groundwater pollution, pollution of agricultural land which Gazans will now be unable to cultivate to harvest crops, negatively impacting their earning." [66] The Palestinian Environmental NGOs Network (PENGON) is a non-profit, non-governmental organization with a mandate to protect the environment of Palestine by acting as a coordinating body for the Palestinian environmental organizations located in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. ... It has been suggested that Safe water be merged into this article or section. ... Water pollution Pollution is the release of chemicals, physical, biological or radioactive contaminants to the environment. ...


On 29 June the IDF made the following announcement to Gaza residents, distributed through pamphlets and broadcasted through other means: June 29 is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 185 days remaining. ...

To the civilians of the area: The IDF extends its operations to all areas of the Gaza Strip, and therefore conducts military activities in your area, for the time period that is required. The operations will be launched in order to locate the site in which the kidnapped soldier, Gilad Shalit, is being held, to rescue him, and to continue to defend the citizens of Israel. For your own safety and due to our intent to prevent injuring citizens who are not involved in activities against our forces, you must avoid being on any premises in which the IDF is operating and be attentive to the IDF's instructions. Anyone who interrupts IDF forces activities, conducted in order to complete the mission to bring the kidnapped soldier home safely, will be in danger.[67](bold in the original)

Concern for potential humanitarian crisis

Between July 2-3, supplies were allowed to be brought into Gaza through the Karni crossing
Enlarge
Between July 2-3, supplies were allowed to be brought into Gaza through the Karni crossing

Early on, all border crossings in and out of Gaza were shut. Gas stations predicted petrol supplies would run out by sundown Thursday as companies rely on generators.[68] Image File history File links Gaza-supplies. ... Image File history File links Gaza-supplies. ... The Karni Crossing is a cargo terminal in the Israeli Gaza Strip barrier. ...


On June 29, Álvaro de Soto, United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process and the Secretary-General's Special Representative to the Palestine Liberation Organization and the Palestinian Authority, said that fuel in Gaza would run out in two to three days, which would result in the collapse of the sewage system. Senior UN officials estimated that Gaza has two weeks of food supply left.[50] June 29 is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 185 days remaining. ... Álvaro de Soto (born 16 March 1943) is a Peruvian diplomat and a senior official of the United Nations. ... The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, and social equity. ... The UN Partition Plan Map of the State of Israel today The Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has taken shape over the years, despite the ongoing violence in the Middle East. ... Kofi Annan, current Secretary-General of the United Nations The United Nations Secretary-General is the head of the Secretariat, one of the principal divisions of the United Nations. ... The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (Arabic: ‎;   or Munazzamat al-Tahrir al-Filastiniyyah) is a political and paramilitary organization regarded by Arab states as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people. ...


UN Undersecretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator Jan Egeland said, "No one can hide from us what they’re doing, neither the Palestinian nor the Israeli side. We are appalled by seeing how they're playing with the future of defenseless civilians, including children," and warned that Gaza was three days away (as of 29 June) from a humanitarian crisis.[69] The Undersecretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator is a high level position in the United Nations that heads the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. ... Jan Egeland (born 1957) is the United Nations Undersecretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator. ... June 29 is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 185 days remaining. ...


It was predicted that all 22 Gaza hospitals would lose electricity from spare generators within one week due to the shortage of fuel and an average of 200 daily surgeries would be postponed or cancelled. There were fears that about 250 citizens suffering renal failure would face death due to the lack of electricity to run dialysis units.[70]


On Sunday July 2, Israel reopened Gaza's main cargo crossing — the Karni crossing, allowing 50 trucks with food, medical supplies and fuel, to travel from Israel to Gaza. Other trucks carrying fuel entered northeastern Gaza through the Nahal Oz border crossing.[71] The next day, however, citing a security threat, Israel once again closed the Karni crossing.[72] July 2 is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 182 days remaining. ... The Karni Crossing is a cargo terminal in the Israeli Gaza Strip barrier. ...


On July 14, 2006, Hundreds crossed the Gaza-Egypt border, into the Gaza strip from Egypt, after Palestineans blew a hole in the wall separating Gaza and Egypt. [73] Map of the Gaza Strip from The World Factbook. ... Palestine (from Latin: ; Hebrew: Pleshet, פלשתינה Palestina; Arabic: ‎ Filastīn, Falastīn) is one of several names for the geographic region between the Mediterranean Sea and the banks of the Jordan River with various adjoining lands. ...


On July 20, Paul Hunt, the UN Human Rights Council's Special Rapporteur on the Right to the Highest Attainable Standard of Health has claimed that some Israeli attacks on Gaza constitute a violation of international humanitarian law, and called for an independent inquiry into war crimes in Gaza by Israel. [74] Hunt stated that "The destruction of Gaza's electricity power station is profoundly inconsistent with the health and safety of all civilians living in Gaza, especially the young, sick, infirm and elderly, as well as their right to the highest attainable standard of health, enshrined in the International Bill of Rights and other international human rights instruments." [75] Paul Hunt, a native of New Zealand, has held several positions where he reported to the United Nations on human rights issues. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... In the context of war, a war crime is a punishable offense under International Law, for violations of the laws of war by any person or persons, military or civilian. ...


On July 24, Israel partially re-opened the Karni corssing. PNA sources reported that the Raffah crossing might also be re-opened in the next two days. [76] Over month later, on August 25, for the first time in the two months since the conflict began, Israel opened the Rafah crossing for twenty four hours, with 2,500 people entering Gaza and 1,500 exiting. [77] July 24 is the 205th day (206th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 160 days remaining. ... August 25 is the 237th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (238th in leap years), with 128 days remaining. ...


Casualties

Main article: 2006 Israel-Gaza conflict casualties timeline
  • 5 Israeli soldiers have been killed during the conflict, one of them by friendly fire. All Israeli civilians wounded in the conflict had been victims of Palestinian rocket fire, with the exception of an Israeli Arab woman shot in the foot in the Gaza Strip (which may have been related to family feuds). Most rockets have landed on open land, with possible damage only to infrastructure and land. The Israeli Security Forces have reported instances of thwarted terrorist attacks, for example, a man with an explosive belt was shot dead when attempting to pass through a checkpoint into Israel.
  • Most Palestinians killed in the conflict have been militants. The Ezzedeen-al-qassam Brigades, the armed branch of Hamas, confirmed that 99 of their fighters were killed, as of November 4 [10]. The non-combatants killed are mostly made up those caught in the crossfire or during the course of a targeted killing. Some Israeli raids targeting terrorists have resulted in the deaths of bystanders or passersby. Other civilians have died between gunbattles of Palestinian gunmen and Israeli troops. Many Palestinian militants operate from homes, oftentimes as families, and in some instances the unarmed members (who number very few, if at all) are killed and not considered combatants. Many Palestinians killed are not identified as militant, civilian or other, thus each number of casualties is not easily determined.
  • At least five Palestinian policemen and two Presidental Guards have been killed in clashes with Israeli forces.

This is the account of casualties suffered by Israelis and Palestinians during the 2006 Israel-Gaza conflict, from June 25 to November 5. ... Friendly fire (fratricide or non-hostile fire) is a term originally adopted by the United States military in reference to an attack on friendly forces by other friendly forces, which may be deliberate (e. ... The Israeli Security Forces (ISF) are several organizations collectively responsible for Israels security. ...

Reaction

Involved parties

  • Hamas (military wing) - The military wing of Hamas urged Palestinians to rise up, and stated "fight your enemies, who came to their deaths. Grab your rifles and resist".[78] On July 6, 2006, PA Interior Minister Said Siyyam of Hamas issued the Palestinian government's first, official call to arms since Israeli ground forces invaded Gaza, appealing on Thursday to all security forces to fulfill their "religious and moral duty to stand up to this aggression and cowardly Zionist invasion." The majority of PA security forces are loyal to Fatah, which opposes Hamas.
  • Israel - David Siegel, spokesman for the Israeli embassy in Washington, D.C. said that "Israel did everything it could in exhausting all diplomatic options and gave Mahmoud Abbas the opportunity to return the kidnapped Israeli... This operation can be terminated immediately, conditioned on the release of Gilad Shalit."[79] In describing Israel's assault on Gaza, Prime Minister Ehud Olmert said, "I take personal responsibility for what is happening in Gaza. I want no one to sleep at night in Gaza. I want them to know what it feels like." [80]

Hamas (Arabic: ‎; acronym: Arabic: ‎, or Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya or Islamic Resistance Movement; the Arabic acronym means zeal) is a Palestinian Sunni Islamist organization that currently forms the majority party of the Palestinian National Authority. ... July 6 is the 187th day of the year (188th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 178 days remaining. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Nickname: DC, The District Motto: Justitia Omnibus (Justice for All) Location of Washington, D.C. in relation to the states Maryland and Virginia. ... Fatah (Arabic: فتح); a reverse acronym from the Arabic name Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini (literally: Palestinian National Liberation Movement) is a major Palestinian political party and the largest organization in the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), a multi-party confederation. ... Mahmoud Abbas (Arabic: محمود عباس) (born March 26, 1935), commonly known by the kunya Abu Mazen (ابو مازن), was elected President of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) on January 9, 2005, and took office on January 15, 2005. ... Collective punishment is a term describing the punishment of a group of people for the crime of a few or even of one. ...

International organizations

  • Amnesty International - The organization characterized the deliberate attacks by Israeli forces against civilian property and infrastructure in the Gaza Strip as "war crimes,"[82] and called for "an end to the wanton destruction and collective punishment being carried out by Israeli forces in the Gaza Strip." A statement further observed that “destruction of three bridges and electricity networks [...] have left half the population of the Gaza Strip without electricity and have reportedly also adversely affected the supply of water.” [83] Amnesty International also stated "The hostage-taking of Corporal Gilad Shalit, and the killing of Eliyahu Asheri, the 18 year old settler, by Palestinian armed groups violate fundamental principles of international law. Corporal Gilad Shalit should be released immediately and unharmed".[82]
  • Arab League - Its spokesman Alaa Rushdy said that the operations were "part of aggressive Israeli policies directed against the Palestinian people, whether it be through destruction or the killing of civilians".[84]
  • United Nations - On July 6, 2006, The United Nations Human Rights Council passed a resolution deploring Israel's military operations in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip as a violation of international law. Passed by a vote of 29 - 11, with 5 abstentions, the resolution, "urges all concerned parties to respect the rules of international humanitarian law, to refrain from violence against the civilian population and to treat under all circumstances all detained combatants and civilians in accordance with the Geneva Conventions." "Deep concern" was expressed over the "arbitrary arrest of Palestinian (Cabinet) ministers, members of the Palestinian Legislative Council and other officials as well as the arbitrary arrests of other civilians" and military attacks." [86] On July 13, 2006, The United States vetoed a U.N. resolution condemning this military operation. [87]

Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is an non-governmental membership organization with the stated purpose of campaigning for internationally recognized human rights. ... In the context of war, a war crime is a punishable offense under International Law, for violations of the laws of war by any person or persons, military or civilian. ... Collective punishment is a term describing the punishment of a group of people for the crime of a few or even of one. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_League_of_Arab_States. ... Flag of the League of Arab States The Arab League or League of Arab States (Arabic: جامعة الدول العربية), is an organization of Arab states (compare Arab world). ... Image File history File links European_flag. ... The external relations policy of the Barroso Commission is based on three key basic propositions on the EU’s role in the emerging world order. ... Benita Ferrero-Waldner Benita Ferrero-Waldner (born September 5, 1948) is the European Commissioner for Foreign Affairs and an Austrian diplomat and politician. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Nations. ... The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, and social equity. ... The United Nations Human Rights Council is an international body within the United Nations with the purpose of addressing human rights violations. ... The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, and social equity. ...

Other

  •  China - Chinese Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Jiang Yu expressed concern over the worsening humanitarian crisis, calling on Israel to "cease the military actions immediately" and for Palestinian authorities to help release the hostage as soon as possible. [88]
  •  Russia - Russian foreign minister Sergey Lavrov called for the unconditional release of Shalit while urging Israel to show restraint. "Such restraint, together with the involvement of the international community, can lead to dialogue restarting and the two sides can go back to implementing the 'Road Map'".[89]
  • Flag of Sweden Sweden - "Israel has committed an indefensible act," the Swedish TT news agency quoted Swedish Prime Minister Göran Persson as saying. "It is disproportionate in terms of what the Palestinians have done," Persson said. "To go like that and remove part of a government and members of parliament is incompatible with international law." Persson cast doubt on the possibility of an exchange of prisoners. The situation "keeps getting worse and the dialogue between Israelis and Palestinians has now become virtually impossible. It is ominous," he said.[90][91]
  • Flag of Switzerland Switzerland - "A number of actions by the Israeli defense forces in their offensive against the Gaza Strip have violated the principle of proportionality and are to be seen as forms of collective punishment, which is forbidden," the Swiss Foreign Ministry said in a statement. "There is no doubt that [Israel] has not taken the precautions required of it in international law to protect the civilian population and infrastructure," Switzerland said.[92] Switzerland also called for the "rapid release" of the captive Israeli soldier.[93]
  • Syria - A Syrian official stated "These aggressive operations form a provocation and are unjustified. If their goal is to place responsibility for the kidnapping of the Israeli soldier on the political leadership of Hamas – then Israel is making a scandalous mistake that is crossing the boundaries of logic."[94]
  • Flag of United States United States - White House Press Secretary Tony Snow said that "Israel has the right to defend itself and the lives of its citizens...in any actions the government of Israel may undertake, the United States urges that it ensures that innocent civilians are not harmed and also that it avoid the unnecessary destruction of property and infrastructure."[95] The United States vetoed a U.N. resolution condemning this military operation.[96]

Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Peoples_Republic_of_China. ... A humanitarian crisis or (in the language of history) a humanitarian disaster is a health or otherwise natural disaster which mortally threatens a very large number of people. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia_(bordered). ... Sergey Lavrov. ... The road map for peace is a plan to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict proposed by a quartet of international entities: the United States, the European Union, Russia, and the United Nations. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Sweden. ... Hans Göran Persson ( ; born January 20, 1949) is a Swedish politician. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Switzerland. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Syria. ... Hamas (Arabic: ‎; acronym: Arabic: ‎, or Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya or Islamic Resistance Movement; the Arabic acronym means zeal) is a Palestinian Sunni Islamist organization that currently forms the majority party of the Palestinian National Authority. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_States. ... The White House Press Secretary is a senior White House official with a rank one step below Presidential Cabinet level. ... Snow alongside President George Bush and outgoing press secretary Scott McClellan Robert Anthony Tony Snow (born June 1, 1955) is the White House Press Secretary for the George W. Bush administration. ... The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, and social equity. ...

See also

Combatants Hezbollah Israel Commanders Hassan Nasrallah (Secretary General and Commander of Islamic Resistance)[3] Dan Halutz (CoS), Moshe Kaplinsky[10], Udi Adam (Regional) Strength uncertain; between 5,000 - 20,000 [4] 30,000 ground troops (plus IAF & ISC) [11] Casualties Hezbollah militia: approximately 80 dead confirmed by Hezbollah[5] 440... This document contains a timeline of events leading up to Operation Summer Rains. ...

literature

  • Barry Rubin: Israel's New Strategy in: Foreign Affairs, July/August 2006, p. 111-125

This article is about a journal. ...

References

  1. ^ "PM: No Hamas member is immune", Ynetnews, 2006-07-02.
  2. ^ http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=06/06/29/1420258
  3. ^ AIPAC v. Norman Finkelstein: A Debate on Israel's Assault on Gaza
  4. ^ [1]
  5. ^ [2]
  6. ^ [3]
  7. ^ [4]
  8. ^ [5]
  9. ^ "Today's Briefing", AIPAC, 2006-10-19.
  10. ^ "PM: We will not recapture Gaza", Ynetnews, 2006-07-02.
  11. ^ "Commander: We met stiff terrorist resistance", Ynetnews, 2006-10-26.
  12. ^ "IDF Enters Gaza to Find Abducted Soldier and Stop Qassam Attacks", Israel Hasbara Committee, 2006-06-28.
  13. ^ Charles Levinson. "Gaza kids collect different sort of shell", Mail & Guardian, 2006-05-29.
  14. ^ "Death on the Beach: Seven Palestinians killed as Israeli shells hit family picnic", The Guardian, 2006-06-10.
  15. ^ "Palestinian Child Buries Slain Family", IslamOnline.net, 2006-06-11.
  16. ^ a b "Doubts over Gaza deaths inquiry", BBC News, 2006-06-14.
  17. ^ "A week of Israeli restraint", Yediot Aharonoth, 2006-06-21.
  18. ^ "Weekly Report: Human Rights Violations in the Occupied Territories 08-14 June 2006", Palestinian Center for Human Rights, 2006-06-15.
  19. ^ "Weekly Report: Human Rights Violations in the Occupied Territories 15-21 June 2006", Palestinian Center for Human Rights, 2006-06-22.
  20. ^ "Militants Fire Rockets Into South Israel", Associated Press, 2006-06-15.
  21. ^ "Hamas Must End Attacks Against Civilians", Human Rights Watch, 2006-06-09.
  22. ^ "Hamas behind Qassam attack on Sderot", Ynetnews, 2006-06-01.
  23. ^ "Getting Worse and Worse", The Economist, 2006-07-08.
  24. ^ "Gaza Strip arrests", The Observer, 25 June 2006
  25. ^ Jonathan Cook, "Kidnapped by Israel", Media Lens, 30 June 2006
  26. ^ "2 Palestinians Held in Israel's First Arrest Raid in Gaza Since Pullout", Los Angeles Times, 2006-06-25.
  27. ^ "Noam Chomsky interview regarding Gaza and Lebanon", Democracy Now!, 14 July 2006
  28. ^ Gil Hoffman et. al.,"Shalit's health better than first feared", Jerusalem Post, 29 June 2006
  29. ^ Tim Butcher, Soldier kidnapped and two killed in Gaza tunnel attack, Daily Telegraph, 26 June 2006
  30. ^ "Militants issue Israel hostage demands", CNN, 26 June 2006
  31. ^ B'Tselem, Statistics on Palestinians in the custody of the Israeli security forces
  32. ^ Greenberg, Hanan. "IAF: Aerial flight over Assad's palace", Ynetnews, 2006-06-28.
  33. ^ a b "Settler's body believed found", CNN, 2006-06-29.
  34. ^ "Israel in Gaza show of force", Al Jazeera, 2006-06-28.
  35. ^ Efrat Weiss. "Abductors present Eliyahu Asheri's ID card", Ynetnews, 2006-06-28.
  36. ^ "Seized Israeli settler found dead", BBC News, 2006-06-29.
  37. ^ "Ramallah: IDF encircles Asheri murderers", Ynetnews, 2006-07-03.
  38. ^ HaLevi, Ezra. "Fatah Group Announces it Kidnapped 62-Year-Old Israeli", Arutz Sheva, 2006-06-28.
  39. ^ "Israeli Police Find Body of Missing Man", Houston Chronicle, 2006-06-29.
  40. ^ "Body of Noah Moscowitz, missing Rishon man found", Jerusalem Post, 2006-06-29.
  41. ^ "IAF strikes south Gaza in bid to press militants to free soldier", Haaretz, 2006-06-29.
  42. ^ "IDF to launch anti-Qassam operation in northern Gaza", Haaretz, 2006-06-29.
  43. ^ "Israeli navy fires shells on northern Gaza Strip", Ynetnews, 2006-06-29.
  44. ^ a b "Israelis Arrest Dozens of Hamas Officials", The Guardian, 2006-06-29.
  45. ^ "Israel bombs Islamic University in Gaza-witnesses", Reuters, 2006-06-29.
  46. ^ "Israel Turns Up Heat On Palestinian Militants", WPXI, 2006-06-29.
  47. ^ "ISRAELIS, PALESTINIANS URGED TO 'STEP BACK FROM THE BRINK', AVERT FULL-SCALE CONFLICT, AS SECURITY COUNCIL DEBATES EVENTS IN GAZA", UN, 2006-06-30.
  48. ^ "Israel justifies Hamas detentions", BBC News, 2006-06-29.
  49. ^ "Airstrikes and artillery pound Gaza", CNN, 2006-06-29.
  50. ^ a b (Hebrew) "IDF begins arrests of officials in the Strip", Haaretz, 2006-06-29.
  51. ^ "Airstrikes and artillery pound Gaza", BBC News, 2006-08-06.
  52. ^ "Israeli jets pound Gaza targets", The Guardian, 2006-06-30.
  53. ^ "Israel warns: free soldier or PM dies", The Australian, 2006-07-01.
  54. ^ "Air strike on Palestinian PM's HQ", BBC News, 2006-07-02.
  55. ^ "Family of nine killed as they slept", The Guardian, 2006-07-13.
  56. ^ "Qassam rocket hits school in center of Ashkelon", Haaretz, 2006-07-05.
  57. ^ "Large IDF force prepared to capture deep swath of northern Gaza", Haaretz, 2006-07-05.
  58. ^ "Large Three people lightly wounded in weekend Qassam barrage", Haaretz, 2006-07-10.
  59. ^ "Qassam lands in Kibbutz Saad in western Negev", Ynet, 2006-07-7.
  60. ^ "Qassam fire increases on first day of IDF operation", Haaretz, 2006-07-09.
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  63. ^ "Gaza:2 Killed, 12 Hurt in IAF Strike", Ynetnews.com, 2006-07-06.
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  65. ^ "Power Outage Takes Toll on Gaza Businesses", IslamOnline.net, 2006-07-02.
  66. ^ "Report:Environmental impact of Israeli Assault on Gaza", International Middle East Media Center, 2006-07-02.
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  68. ^ "Gazans fear worse to come as power, water dwindle", The Daily Star, 2006-06-29.
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  79. ^ Rosenberg, David. "Israeli Army Enters Gaza to Find Kidnapped Soldier", Bloomberg.com, 2006-06-28.
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  81. ^ "Israeli attacks mass punishment, crime against humanity -- Abbas", KUNA, 2006-06-28.
  82. ^ a b "Israel/Occupied Territories: Deliberate attacks a war crime", Amnesty International, 2006-06-30.
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  96. ^ "US vetoes UN resolution urging end to Israeli attacks in Gaza", AFP, 2006-07-13.

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{http://www.metimes.com/storyview.php?StoryID=20061018-081719-6029r Mohammed Abu Arar, 23, and Ashraf Al Muasher, 25, Some of the Palestinian leaders responsible for kidnapping killed}

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Syria

Active organizations:
Image File history File links Flag_of_Egypt. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Iraq. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel_(bordered). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Jordan. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Lebanon. ... Image File history File links Palestinian_flag. ... Anthem: Biladi Capital None. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Syria. ...

Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades
Arab League
Ba'ath Party
Fatah
HAMAS
Hezbollah
PFLP
Palestinian Islamic Jihad
PLO
PRC

Former:
Image File history File links Alaqsalogo. ... The al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades (كتائب شهداء الأقصى) are a Palestinian armed terrorist group closely linked to the Fatah party. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_League_of_Arab_States. ... Flag of the League of Arab States The Arab League or League of Arab States (Arabic: جامعة الدول العربية), is an organization of Arab states (compare Arab world). ... Image File history File links Baathparty. ... Bath Party flag The Arab Socialist Bath Party (also spelled Baath or Baath; Arabic: حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي) was founded in 1945 as a radical, left-wing, secular Arab nationalist political party. ... The Fatah official emblem shows two fists holding rifles and a hand grenade superimposed on a map of the land they claimed as Palestine (roughly, the present State of Israel, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip). ... Fatah (Arabic: فتح); a reverse acronym from the Arabic name Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini (literally: Palestinian National Liberation Movement) is a major Palestinian political party and the largest organization in the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), a multi-party confederation. ... Hamas Logo from the Hamas web site: www. ... Hamas (Arabic: ‎; acronym: Arabic: ‎, or Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya or Islamic Resistance Movement; the Arabic acronym means zeal) is a Palestinian Sunni Islamist organization that currently forms the majority party of the Palestinian National Authority. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Hezbollah. ... This article is becoming very long. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine. ... The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) (Arabic الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين - al-jabhah al-sha`biyyah li-tahrÄ«r filastÄ«n) is a Marxist-Leninist, nationalist Palestinian political and military organization, founded in 1967. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_PIJ.gif‎ Licencing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The emblem of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad shows a map of the land they claim as Palestine (roughly, present-day Israel, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip) superimposed on the images of the Dome of the Rock, two fists and two rifles. ... The official PLO emblem shows the Palestinian flag above a map of the land they claim as Palestine (roughly, present-day Israel, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip) Source: [1] This is a copyrighted and/or trademarked logo. ... The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (Arabic Munazzamat al-Tahrir Filastiniyyah منظمة تحرير فلسطينية ) is a political and paramilitary organization of Palestinian Arabs dedicated to the establishment of an independent Palestinian state to consist of the... Image File history File links Logoprc. ... The Popular Resistance Committees (PRC) are a Palestinian militant network which operates in the Gaza Strip and are regarded as terrorist organizations by Israel and the United States. ...

DFLP
PFLP-GC
PLF
PPSF
Amal
South Lebanon Army
Irgun
Lehi
     Black Hand
Mandate of Palestine

Other:
States:
Image File history File links Dflplogo. ... Flag of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine. ... Image File history File links Pflp-gc-logo. ... The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command (الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين - القيادة العامة) is a left-wing Palestinian nationalist organization, backed by Syria. ... Image File history File links Plf. ... The Palestine Liberation Front (PLF) was founded to create a Palestinian state; it was headquartered first in Lebanon, and later in Tunisia. ... Image File history File links Nidalshabi. ... PPSF symbol The Palestinian Popular Struggle Front (PPSF, occasionally abbr. ... Image File history File links Amal_movement. ... For other uses of Amal, see the disambiguation page. ... Image File history File links SLA_patch. ... The South Lebanon Army (SLA), also South Lebanese Army, (Arabic: جيش لبنان الجنوبي; transliterated: Jaysh Lubnān al-Janūbiyy. ... Image File history File links Pantani. ... Irgun poster showing their view of the Land of Israel Irgun (ארגון), shorthand for Irgun Tsvai Leumi (ארגון צבאי לאומי, also spelled Irgun Zvai Leumi), Hebrew for National Military Organization, was a clandestine militant Zionist group that operated in the British Mandate of Palestine from 1931 to 1948. ... Image File history File links Lehilogo. ... Lehi emblem Lehi (IPA: , Hebrew acronym for Lohamei Herut Israel, Fighters for the Freedom of Israel, לחי - לוחמי חירות ישראל) was an armed underground Zionist faction in Palestine that had as its goal the eviction of the British from Palestine, to allow unrestricted immigration of Jews and the formation of a Jewish state. ... The Black Hand (Arabic: ‎) was an underground Islamist militant organization that operated in the British Mandate of Palestine. ... Image File history File links Palestine-Mandate-Ensign-1927-1948. ... Cisjordan and Transjordan Palestine were incorporated (under different legal and administrative arrangements) into the British Mandate of Palestine, issued by the League of Nations to Great Britain on 29 September, 1923. ...

Canada
France
Germany
Iran
Norway
Russia
United Kingdom
United States

Organizations:
Image File history File links Flag_of_Canada. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_France. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Iran. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Norway. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_States. ...

European Union
United Nations

Former:
Image File history File links European_flag. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Nations. ... The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, and social equity. ...

Soviet Union
United Arab Republic

Lester B. Pearson
Hosni Mubarak
Gamal Abdel Nasser
Anwar Sadat
Joschka Fischer
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
Ali Khamenei
Mohammad Khatami
Ruhollah Khomeini
Faisal I of Iraq
Saddam Hussein
Ehud Barak
Menachem Begin
David Ben-Gurion
Moshe Dayan
Levi Eshkol
Golda Meir
Benjamin Netanyahu
Ehud Olmert
Shimon Peres
Yitzhak Rabin
Ariel Sharon
Chaim Weizmann
King Abdullah I
King Abdullah II
King Hussein
Hassan Nasrallah
Fouad Siniora
Mona Juul
Johan Jørgen Holst
Terje Rød-Larsen
Mahmoud Abbas
Yasser Arafat
Marwan Barghouti
Ismail Haniya
Amin al-Husayni
Khaled Mashal
Ahmed Yassin
Folke Bernadotte
Hafez al-Assad
Bashar al-Assad
Idi Amin
Arthur Balfour
Ernest Bevin
Madeleine Albright
Ralph Bunche
George W. Bush
Jimmy Carter
Bill Clinton
Henry Kissinger
Dennis Ross
Cyrus R. Vance
Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_United_Arab_Republic. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Canada. ... Lester Bowles Mike Pearson, PC, CC, OM, OBE, MA, LL.D. (April 23, 1897 – December 27, 1972) was a Canadian statesman, diplomat and politician who was made a Nobel Laureate in 1957. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Egypt. ... Muhammad Hosni Said Mubarak (Arabic : محمد حسنى سيد مبارك ) (born May 4, 1928) commonly known as Hosni Mubarak (Arabic: حسنى مبارك ) is the fourth President of Egypt since 14 October 1981 till the present day. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_United_Arab_Republic. ... Gamal Abdel Nasser (January 15, 1918 – September 28, 1970; Arabic: جمال عبد الناصر name also transliterated as Jamal Abd al-Naser , Jamal Abd An-Nasser, and other variants) was the leader of Egypt from 1954 until his death in 1970. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Egypt_1972. ... Muhammad Anwar Al-Sadat (محمد أنورالسادات in Arabic) (December 25, 1918 – October 6, 1981) was an Egyptian politician and served as the third President of Egypt from September 28, 1970 until his assassination on October 6, 1981. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... Joschka Fischer Joseph Martin Joschka Fischer (born April 12, 1948) was German foreign minister and Vice Chancellor in the government of Gerhard Schröder from 1998 to 2005. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Iran. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Iran. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Iran. ... Seyyed Mohammad Khatami (Persian : سید محمد خاتمی), born September 29, 1943 in Ardakan city of Yazd province, is an Iranian intellectual, philosopher and political figure. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Iran. ... Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini founded the Islamic Republic of Iran Imam/Ayatollah Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini ( ) (Persian: روح الله موسوي خمینی Arabic: روح الله الموسوي الخميني) (May 17, 1900?[1] – June 3, 1989) was a Shi`i Muslim cleric and marja, and the political leader of the 1979 Islamic Revolution of Iran which saw the overthrow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi... Image File history File links Flag_of_Iraq_1924. ... Faisal bin Husayn (Arabic:فيصل بن حسين May 20, 1883 – September 8, 1933) was for a short while king of Greater Syria in 1920 and king of Iraq from 1921 to 1933. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Iraq. ... Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majidida al-Tikriti (Arabic: ‎, [1]; born April 28, 1937[2]), was the President of Iraq from July 16, 1979 until April 9, 2003, when he was deposed during the United States-led invasion of Iraq. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel_(bordered). ... Ehud Barak (Hebrew: אֵהוּד בָּרָק) (born February 12, 1942, in Mishmar HaSharon kibbutz, then British Mandate of Palestine) is an Israeli politician and was the 10th Prime Minister of Israel from 1999 to 2001. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel_(bordered). ...   (August 16, 1913 – March 9, 1992) (Hebrew: מְנַחֵם בְּגִין) was a Polish-Jewish head of the Zionist underground group the Irgun, Nobel Peace Prize laureate and the first Likud Prime Minister of Israel. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel_(bordered). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel_(bordered). ... Moshe Dayan Moshe Dayan, DSO (Hebrew: משה דיין) (May 20, 1915 – October 16, 1981), was an Israeli military leader and politician. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel_(bordered). ... â–¶(?) (Hebrew לֵוִי אֶשְׁכּוֹל ) (Born Levi Skolnick) (Hebrew לֵוִי שְׁקוֹלְנִיק) (October 25, 1895 - February 26, 1969), was the third Prime Minister of Israel from 1963 until his death of a heart attack in 1969. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel_(bordered). ... Golda Meir (Hebrew:  ) (born Golda Mabovitz, May 3, 1898; died December 8, 1978) was one of the founders of the State of Israel. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel_(bordered). ... (Hebrew: בִּנְיָמִין נְתַנְיָהוּ (without niqqud: בנימין נתניהו), Hebrew transliteration written in English: Binyamin Netanyahu, nicknamed Bibi) (born October 21, 1949, Tel Aviv) was the 9th Prime Minister of Israel. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel_(bordered). ... Ehud Olmert (IPA ; Hebrew: אהוד אולמרט; born September 30, 1945) is the 12th and current Prime Minister of Israel. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel_(bordered). ... (Hebrew שִׁמְעוֹן פֶּרֶס without Niqqud: שמעון פרס) (born Shimon Perske on August 16, 1923 in Poland, and immigrated with his family to Israel in 1934), is an Israeli politician, who was a supporter of the Labor Party until December 2005, but still holding a status of member. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel_(bordered). ... (Hebrew: יִצְחָק רָבִּין), (March 1, 1922 – November 4, 1995) was an Israeli politician and general. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel_(bordered). ...   (Hebrew: , also known by his diminutive Arik אָרִיק) (born February 27, 1928) is a former Israeli politician and general. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel_(bordered). ... Chaim Weizmann and Harry S. Truman, May 25, 1948 Chaim Azriel Weizmann (Hebrew: חיים ויצמן) (also: Chaijim W., Haim W.) (November 27, 1874 – November 9, 1952) chemist, statesman, President of the World Zionist Organization, first President of Israel (elected May 16, 1948, served 1949 - 1952) and founder of a research institute in... Image File history File links Flag_of_Jordan. ... Abdullah I of Jordan King Abdullah I of Jordan (1882 – July 20, 1951) (Arabic: عبد الله الأول), also known as Abdullah bin Husayn (Arabic: عبد الله بن حسين), was, successively, Emir of Trans-Jordan (1921–1946) under a British Mandate, then King of Transjordan (May 25, 1946–1949), and finally King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan... Image File history File links Flag_of_Jordan. ... King Abdullah II bin al-Hussein. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Jordan. ... Hussein bin Talal (Arabic: ; November 14, 1935 – February 7, 1999) was the King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan from 1952 to 1999. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Hezbollah. ... Hassan Nasrallah Sayyid Hassan Nasrallah (Arabic: ‎) (b. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Lebanon. ... Fouad Siniora Fouad Siniora (alternative spellings: Fuad Siniora, Fouad Seniora) is the Prime Minister of Lebanon, a position he assumed on 19 July 2005, succeeding Najib Mikati. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Norway. ... Mona Juul is an official in the Norwegian Foreign Affairs Ministry. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Norway. ... Johan Jørgen Holst Bust by Per Ung 1999 Johan Jørgen Holst (November 29, 1937 - January 13, 1994) was a Norwegian politician, best known for his involvement with the Oslo Accords. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Norway. ... Terje Rød-Larsen (born November 22, 1947) is a Norwegian diplomat and sociologist. ... Image File history File links Palestinian_flag. ... Mahmoud Abbas (Arabic: محمود عباس) (born March 26, 1935), commonly known by the kunya Abu Mazen (ابو مازن), was elected President of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) on January 9, 2005, and took office on January 15, 2005. ... Image File history File links Palestinian_flag. ... Yassir Arafat (Arabic: ) August 24 or August 4, 1929 – November 11, 2004), born in Cairo[1] to Palestinian parents Mohammed Abdel-Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini and also known by the kunya Abu `Ammar (أبو عمّار), was Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (1969–2004); President[1] of the Palestinian... Image File history File links Palestinian_flag. ... Marwan Barghouti in Israeli custody Marwan Barghouti (born June 6, 1959) is a Palestinian leader from the West Bank and a leader of the Fatah movement that forms the backbone of the Palestinian Authority and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). ... Image File history File links Palestinian_flag. ... Ismail Haniya (more frequently Haniyeh) (born 1963) (Arabic: إسماعيل هنية) is the Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority. ... Image File history File links Palestinian_flag. ... Mohammad Amin al-Husayni Mohammad Amin al-Husayni (ca. ... Image File history File links Palestinian_flag. ... Khaled Mashal, also known as Khaled Mashaal (Arabic: خالد مشعل) (b. ... Image File history File links Palestinian_flag. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Sweden. ... Count Folke Bernadotte of Wisborg (January 2, 1895 - September 17, 1948), or simply Count Bernadotte, was a Swedish diplomat noted for his negotiation of the release of 15,000 mostly Scandinavian prisoners [1] from the German concentration camps in World War II and for his assassination by members of a... Image File history File links Flag_of_Syria. ... Hafez al-Assad (Arabic: ‎) (October 6, 1930 – June 10, 2000) was the president of Syria from 1971 to 2000. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Syria. ... Bashar al-Assad (Arabic: ‎, ) (born September 11, 1965) is the President of the Syrian Arab Republic, Regional Secretary of the Baath Party, and the son of former President Hafez al-Assad. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Uganda. ... Idi Amin Dada (1 January 1925?–16 August 2003) was an army officer and President of Uganda (1971–1979). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... Arthur James Balfour, 1st Earl of Balfour, KG, OM, PC (25 July 1848–19 March 1930) was a British statesman and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... Ernest Bevin (9 March 1881 - 14 April 1951) was a British labour leader, politician, and statesman, born in the small village of Winsford in Somerset, England. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_States. ... Madeleine Korbel Albright (born Marie Jana Korbelová on May 15, 1937) served as the 64th United States Secretary of State. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_States. ... Ralph Bunche, photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1951 Ralph Johnson Bunche (August 7, 1904 – December 9, 1971) was an American political scientist and diplomat who received the 1950 Nobel Peace Prize for his mediation in Palestine in the late 1940s that led to an armistice agreement between the Jews and... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_States. ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American businessman and politician, was elected in 2000 as the 43rd President of the United States of America, re-elected in 2004, and is currently serving his second term in that office. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_States. ... James Earl Jimmy Carter, Jr. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_States. ... William Jefferson Bill Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III on August 19, 1946) was the 42nd President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_States. ... Henry Alfred Kissinger (born Heinz Alfred Kissinger on May 27, 1923 in Fürth,Germany) is a German-born American diplomat, Nobel laureate and statesman. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_States. ... Dennis Ross served as special Middle East envoy and negotiator for Democratic and Republicans US Administrations, first under George H.W. Bush and then under Bill Clinton during both terms. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_States. ... Cyrus Roberts Vance (March 27, 1917–January 12, 2002), was the United States Secretary of State under President Jimmy Carter from 1977 to 1980. ...

1920 Palestine riots
1921 Jaffa riots
1929 Palestine riots
1936–1939 Arab revolt
1947 Jerusalem riots
1948 Arab-Israeli War
1950's Terrorism against Israel
1953 Qibya massacre
1956 Suez Crisis
1967 Six-Day War
1968–1970 War of Attrition
1972 Munich Olympics massacre
1972 Operation Wrath of God
1973 Operation Spring of Youth
1973 Yom Kippur War
1975–1990 Lebanese Civil War
1976 Operation Entebbe
1978 Operation Litani
1979 Iranian Revolution
1981 Operation Opera
1982 Lebanon War
1982-2000 South Lebanon conflict
1985 Operation Wooden Leg
1987–1990 First Intifada
1991 Gulf War
1993 Operation Accountability
1993-present Palestinian suicide attacks
1996 Operation Grapes of Wrath
2000–present Al-Aqsa Intifada
2002 Operation Defensive Shield
2004 Operation Rainbow
2004 Operation Days of Penitence
2006 Operation Summer Rains
2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict
This article describes violent events in the Old City of Jerusalem from April 4-7, 1920. ... On May 1, 1921, a scuffle began in Tel Aviv-Jaffa between rival groups of Jewish Bolsheviks, carrying Yiddish banners demanding Soviet Palestine, and Socialists parading on May Day. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... An uprising during the British mandate by Palestinian Arabs in Palestine which lasted from 1936 to 1939. ... The 1947 Jerusalem Riots occurred following the 1947 UN Partition Plan. ... Combatants  Israel  Egypt  Syria Transjordan  Lebanon  Iraq Holy War Army Arab Liberation Army Commanders Yaakov Dori, Yigael Yadin Glubb Pasha Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni Hasan Salama. ... Approximately 2,100 Jews living in Mandate Palestine are known to have been killed in political violence from 1920 up until the establishment of the modern State of Israel in 1948. ... The Qibya (also spelt Kibya, Qibieh or Qibye) Massacre (also known as Qibya Raid or Qibya Operation was carried out in October 1953 by Israeli troops in a West Bank village. ... Combatants Israel United Kingdom France Egypt Commanders Moshe Dayan Charles Keightley Pierre Barjot Gamal Abdel Nasser Strength 175,000 Israeli 45,000 British 34,000 French 300,000 Casualties 177 Israeli KIA 16 British KIA 91 British WIA 10 French KIA 33 French WIA 1,650 KIA 4,900 WIA... Combatants Israel Egypt Syria Jordan Iraq Commanders Yitzhak Rabin, Moshe Dayan, Uzi Narkiss, Israel Tal, Mordechai Hod, Ariel Sharon Abdel Hakim Amer, Abdul Munim Riad, Zaid ibn Shaker, Hafez al-Assad Strength 50,000 troops (264,000 including mobilized reservists); 197 combat aircraft 280,000 troops (Egypt 150,000; Syria... The War of Attrition was a limited war fought between Egypt and Israel from 1968 to 1970. ... One of the Black September terrorists on the balcony of the Israeli team quarters at the Olympic village The Munich massacre occurred during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, when members of the Israeli Olympic team were taken hostage by the Palestinian terrorist organization Black September, a group... Operation Wrath of God also called Operation Bayonet was a covert operation directed by Israel and the Mossad to eliminate the terrorists who perpetrated the Munich Massacre. ... Operation Spring of Youth took place on the night of April 9 and early morning of April 10, 1973. ... Combatants Israel Egypt Syria Jordan Iraq Commanders Moshe Dayan David Elazar Ariel Sharon Shmuel Gonen Benjamin Peled Israel Tal Rehavam Zeevi Aharon Yariv Yitzhak Hofi Rafael Eitan Abraham Adan Yanush Ben Gal Saad El Shazly Ahmad Ismail Ali Hosni Mubarak Mohammed Aly Fahmy Anwar Sadat Abdel Ghani el-Gammasy Abdul... For the civil conflict of 1958, see Lebanon crisis of 1958. ... Operation Entebbe, also known as the Entebbe incident, was a rescue mission performed by Israels elite Sayeret Matkal to free hostages at the Entebbe Airport in Uganda. ... Operation Litani was the official name of the Israel Defense Forces 1978 invasion of Lebanon up to the Litani river. ... Protestors take to the street in support of Ayatollah Khomeini. ... Combatants Israel Iraq Strength 8 F-16A fighters 6 F-15A fighters Unknown numbers of radar and Anti-aircraft artillery Casualties None 10 Iraqi soldiers and 1 French researcher killed Operation Opera (sometimes referred to as Operation Babylon or Operation Ofra) was an Israeli air strike against the Iraqi Osirak... Combatants Israel Amal Hezbollah PLO Commanders Menachem Begin Ayatollah Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah Imad Mughniyah Yasser Arafat Strength 76,000 15,000 Casualties 675 9,800 The Lebanon War (Hebrew: , Milkhemet Levanon), also known as the Operation Peace of the Galilee (מבצע שלום הגליל, Mivtsa Shlom HaGalil in Hebrew), began June 6, 1982, when... Combatants Hezbollah Israel South Lebanon Army Casualties 1283 1200 Israeli soldiers During the 1982-2000 South Lebanon conflict Hezbollah waged a guerrilla campaign against Israeli forces occupying Southern Lebanon. ... Operation Wooden Leg was the October 1, 1985 Israeli Air Force raid on the Palestinian Liberation Organizations headquarters in Tunis, Tunisia. ... Intifada A poster from 1990 The First Intifada refers to a series of violent incidents between Palestinians and Israelis between 1987 and approximately 1993, when the Oslo accords were signed and the Palestinian National Authority was established. ... Combatants UN Coalition Republic of Iraq Commanders Norman Schwarzkopf Saddam Hussein Strength 660,000 360,000 Casualties 345 dead, 1,000 wounded 25,000 dead, 75,000 wounded The Gulf War (1990–1991) (also called the Persian Gulf War, Operation Desert Storm, or First Gulf War) was a conflict between... In July 1993, Israeli Forces launched a massive attack against Lebanon named Operation Accountability in Israel and Seven-Day War in Lebanon, in an attempt to displace the Lebanese and Palestinian refugee population, in order to pressure the Lebanese government and population to withdraw support for Hezbollah[1]. Israeli artillery... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... Combatants Israel, South Lebanon Army Hezbollah Operation Grapes of Wrath is the Israeli Defense Forces code-name for a sixteen-day military blitz against Lebanon in an attempt to end shelling of Northern Israel by Hezbollah. ... The wreckage of a commuter bus in Jerusalem after a suicide bombing on Tuesday, 18 June 2002. ... Operation Defensive Shield (In Hebrew, מבצע חומת מגן) was a large-scale military operation conducted by the Israeli Defence Forces in April 2002. ... Operation Rainbow (In Hebrew, מבצע קשת בענן) is a controversial military operation which began on May 18, 2004 in the Gaza Strip. ... Combatants Israel Defense Forces Hamas Casualties 5 killed (3 Of them civilians) 104 - 133 killed (42 of them civilians) Operation Days of Penitence (In Hebrew, מבצע ימי תשובה) was the name used by Israel to describe an Israel Defense Forces operation in the northern Gaza Strip, conducted between September 30, 2004 and October... Combatants Hezbollah Israel Commanders Hassan Nasrallah (Secretary General and Commander of Islamic Resistance)[3] Dan Halutz (CoS), Moshe Kaplinsky[10], Udi Adam (Regional) Strength uncertain; between 5,000 - 20,000 [4] 30,000 ground troops (plus IAF & ISC) [11] Casualties Hezbollah militia: approximately 80 dead confirmed by Hezbollah[5] 440...

1917 Balfour Declaration
1919 Faisal-Weizmann Agreement
1920 Sanremo conference
1922 White Paper
1939 White Paper
1947 UN Partition Plan
1948 Establishment of Israel
1948 UNGA Resolution 194
1949 Armistice Agreements
1964 Palestinian National Covenant
1967 Khartoum Resolution
1967 UNSC Resolution 242
1973 UNSC Resolution 338
1973 UNSC Resolution 339
1974 UNSC Resolution 350
1978 UNSC Resolution 425
1978 Camp David Accords
1979 UNSC Resolution 446
1979 Israel-Egypt peace treaty
1979 UNSC Resolution 452
1980 UNSC Resolution 478
1981 UNSC Resolution 497
1983 Israel-Lebanon agreement
1991 Madrid Conference
1993 Oslo Accords
1994 Israel-Jordan peace treaty
1998 Wye River Memorandum
2000 Camp David Summit
2001 Taba Summit
2001 UNSC Resolution 1373
2002 Beirut Summit and Peace Initiative
2002 Road Map for Peace
2004 UNSC Resolution 1559
2004 UNSC Resolution 1566
2005 UNSC Resolution 1583
2005 Sharm el-Sheikh Summit
2005 Israel's unilateral disengagement plan
2006 Palestinian Prisoners' Document
2006 UNSC Resolution 1701
The Balfour Declaration of 1917 was made in a letter dated November 2, 1917 from the British Foreign Secretary Arthur James Balfour to Lord Rothschild (Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild), a leader of the British Jewish community, for transmission to the Zionist Federation, a private Zionist organization, on the partitioning... The Faisal-Weizmann Agreement was signed on January 3, 1919, by Emir Faisal (son of the King of Hejaz) and Chaim Weizmann (later President of the World Zionist Organization) as part of the Paris Peace Conference, 1919 settling disputes stemming from World War I. It was a short-lived agreement... The Sanremo conference was an international meeting held in Sanremo, Italy, from 19-26 April 1920. ... The Churchill White Paper of 3 June 1922 clarified how Britain viewed the Balfour Declaration, 1917. ... The White Paper of 1939, also known as the MacDonald White Paper after Malcolm MacDonald, the British Colonial Secretary who presided over it, was a policy paper issued by the British government under Neville Chamberlain in which the idea of partitioning the British Mandate of Palestine was abandoned in favour... On 29 November 1947 the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine or United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181, a plan to resolve the Arab-Israeli conflict in the British Mandate of Palestine, was approved by the United Nations General Assembly, at the UN World Headquarters in New York. ... Image:Declarintion of State of Israel 1948. ... United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194 [1] was passed on December 11 1948, near the end of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. ... The 1949 Armistice Agreements are a set of agreements signed during 1949 between Israel and its neighbors Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria. ... The Palestinian National Covenant or Palestinian National Charter (Arabic: al-Mithaq al-Watani al-Filastini) is the charter or constitution of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). ... The Khartoum Resolution of September 1, 1967 was issued at the conclusion of a meeting between the leaders of eight Arab countries in the wake of the Six-Day War. ... United Nations Security Council Resolution 242 (S/RES/242) was adopted unanimously by the UN Security Council on November 22, 1967 in the aftermath of the Six Day War. ... The three-line United Nations Security Council Resolution 338 (S/RES/338), approved on October 22, 1973, called for a cease fire in the Yom Kipur War in accordance with a joint proposal by the United States and the Soviet Union. ... United Nations Security Council Resolution 339 (S/RES/339) was adopted in order to bring a cease fire in the Yom Kipur War where Resolution 338 two days before have failed. ... United Nations Security Council Resolution 350, adopted on 31 May 1974, established the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force, to monitor the ceasefire between Israel and Syria in the wake of the Yom Kippur War. ... On March 19, 1978, five days after the Israeli invasion of Lebanon, United Nations Security Council Resolution 425 was adopted, calling on Israel to immediately withdraw its forces from Lebanon and establishing the United Nations Interim Forces In Lebanon (UNIFIL). ... It has been suggested that Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty be merged into this article or section. ... United Nations Security Council Resolution 446 concerned the issue of Israeli settlements in the Arab territories occupied by Israel since 1967, including Jerusalem. This refers to the Palestinian territories of the West Bank including East Jerusalem, Gaza Strip and the Golan Heights. ... The Israel-Egypt peace treaty (Arabic: معاهدة السلام المصرية الإسرائيلية; transliterated: Muahadat as-Salam al-Masriyah al-Israyliyah) (Hebrew: הסכם שלום ישראל-מצרים; transliterated: Heskem Shalom Yisrael-Mizraim) was signed in Washington, DC, United States, on March 26, 1979, following the Camp David Accords (1978). ... United Nations Security Council Resolution 452 was on the issue of the Israeli settlements in the Palestinian territories of East Jerusalem, the West Bank, Gaza Strip and the Syrian Golan Heights. ... United Nations Security Council Resolution 478 declared that the 1980 Knesset law (the Jerusalem Law) declaring Jerusalem as Israels eternal and indivisible capital was null and void and must be rescinded forthwith. This resolution, not taken under chapter VI or VII of the charter (the binding chapters), advised member... United Nations Security Council Resolution 497 calls on Israel to rescind its annexation of the Golan Heights. ... The May 17 Agreement was a failed US-backed attempt to create peace between Lebanon and Israel during the Lebanese Civil War, by some seen as an illegal agreement imposed while the country was under military occupation, and by others as an attempt at restoring peace and security to Lebanon... The Madrid Conference was hosted by the government of Spain and co-sponsored by the USA and the USSR. It convened on October 30, 1991 and lasted for three days. ... The Oslo Accords, officially called the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements or Declaration of Principles (DOP), were finalized in Oslo, Norway on August 20, 1993, and subsequently officially signed at a public ceremony in Washington D.C. on September 13, 1993, with Mahmoud Abbas signing for the... The Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace, or Israel-Jordan peace treaty is a peace treaty signed between the State of Israel and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in 1994. ... The Wye River Memorandum was a political agreement negotiated to implement the earlier Interim Agreement of 28 September, 1995 brokered by the United States between Israel and the Palestine Authority completed on October 23, 1998. ... The Middle East Peace Summit at Camp David of July 2000 took place between United States President Bill Clinton, Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak, and Palestinian Authority Chairman Yasser Arafat. ... The Taba summit (or: Taba Summit; Taba Talks; Taba Conference; Taba), also known as the permanent status talks at Taba between Israel and the Palestinian Authority, held from January 21 to January 27, 2001 at Taba in the Sinai peninsula, were peace talks aimed at reaching the final status negotiations... United Nations Security Council Resolution 1373 is a counter-terrorism measure adopted September 28, 2001 following the September 11 terrorist attacks on the United States. ... Israel and the Occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip are at the center of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. ... The road map for peace is a plan to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict proposed by a quartet of international entities: the United States, the European Union, Russia, and the United Nations. ... United Nations Security Council Resolution 1559 was a resolution adopted by the United Nations Security Council on September 2, 2004. ... United Nations Security Council Resolution 1566 is an anti-terrorism resolution adopted on 8 October 2004. ... United Nations Security Council Resolution 1583 calls on Lebanon to assert full control over its border with Israel (See: Hezbollah). ... The Sharm el-Sheikh Summit of 2005 took place on February 8, (2005), when four Middle Eastern leaders gathered at Sharm el-Sheikh, a town at the southern tip of the Sinai Peninsula, in order to declare their wish to work towards the end of the four-year Al-Aqsa... Israels unilateral disengagement plan (termed in Hebrew: תוכנית ההתנתקות Tokhnit HaHitnatkut or תכנית ההינתקות Tokhnit HaHinatkut in the Disengagement Plan Implementation Law), also known as the disengagement plan, Gaza Pull-Out plan, and Hitnatkut) was a proposal by Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, adopted by the government and enacted in August 2005, to... The Prisoners document is a document drawn up by Palestinian prisoners who are currently being held in Israeli jails. ... United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701 is a resolution intended to resolve the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict. ...



 

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