Ophioglossaceae
Ophioglossum vulgatum
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Pteridophyta Class: Psilotopsida Order: Ophioglossales Family: Ophioglossaceae
Genera
Botrychium Cheiroglossa Helminthostachys Mankyua Ophioglossum Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixels Full resolution (1536 × 2048 pixel, file size: 518 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Close up of Ophioglossum vulgatum growing in sand dunes on Anglesey File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages... Ophioglossum vulgatum Categories: Plant stubs | Ophioglossophyta ... Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. ... Divisions Green algae land plants (embryophytes) non-vascular embryophytes Hepatophyta - liverworts Anthocerophyta - hornworts Bryophyta - mosses vascular plants (tracheophytes) seedless vascular plants Lycopodiophyta - clubmosses Equisetophyta - horsetails Pteridophyta - true ferns Psilotophyta - whisk ferns Ophioglossophyta - adderstongue ferns seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta - seed ferns Pinophyta - conifers Cycadophyta - cycads Ginkgophyta - ginkgo Gnetophyta - gnetae Magnoliophyta... Classes Marattiopsida Osmundopsida Gleicheniopsida Pteridopsida A fern, or pteridophyte, is any one of a group of some twenty thousand species of plants classified in the Division Pteridophyta, formerly known as Filicophyta. ... Orders Psilotales Ophioglossales Psilotopsida is a class of fern-like plants. ... Families and Genera Family Ophioglossaceae Ophioglossum Cheiroglossa Family Botrychiaceae Botrychium Botrypus Sceptridium Family Helminthostachiaceae Helminthostachys zeylanica The Ophioglossophyta (lit. ... Species Botrychium boreale Botrychium lanceolatum Botrychium lunaria Botrychium matricariifolium Botrychium simplex Moonworts are seedless vascular plants of the genus Botrychium, sensu stricto. ... Binomial name Cheiroglossa palmata (L.) K. Presl. ... Binomial name Helminthostachys zeylanica (L.) Hook. ... Species Ophioglossum azoricum Ophioglossum engelmanii Ophioglossum lusitanicum Ophioglossum pycnosticum Ophioglossum vulgatum Adders-tongues are plants of the genus Ophioglossum, which means snake-tongue. Ophioglossum is in the family Ophioglossaceae, in the order Ophioglossales, a small group of vascular plants. ...

Ophioglossaceae , the Adder's tongue family, is a family of ferns, currently thought to be most closely related to Psilotaceae, the two together comprising the class Psilotopsida as the sibling group to the rest of the ferns. The number of genera included in the family varies between different authors' treatments, and most conservatively the family is treated as containing fourgenera, Ophioglossum, Botrychium, Helminthostachys, and Mankyua (placed in three separate families in some other treatments). A broad definition of the family and its genera have been taken in several recent treatments (e.g., Wagner 1990, Smith et al. 2006, and in the Flora of North America). A notable exception is the classification of Kato (1987), who advocated the division of Botrychium into four genera: Botrychium s.s., Sceptridium, Japanobotrychium, and Botrypus. CoopersBold textBold textBold textItalic text Psilotopsida Equisetopsida Marattiopsida Pteridopsida (Polypodiopsida) A fern is any one of a group of about 20,000 species of plants classified in the phylum or division Pteridophyta, also known as Filicophyta. ... Species Psilotum nudum (L.) Beauvois Psilotum complanatum Sw. ... Orders Psilotales Ophioglossales Psilotopsida is a class of fern-like plants. ... It has been suggested that Clade be merged into this article or section. ... For other uses of the word, please see Genus (disambiguation). ... Species Ophioglossum azoricum Ophioglossum engelmanii Ophioglossum lusitanicum Ophioglossum pycnosticum Ophioglossum vulgatum Adders-tongues are plants of the genus Ophioglossum, which means snake-tongue. Ophioglossum is in the family Ophioglossaceae, in the order Ophioglossales, a small group of vascular plants. ... Species Botrychium boreale Botrychium lanceolatum Botrychium lunaria Botrychium matricariifolium Botrychium simplex Moonworts are seedless vascular plants of the genus Botrychium, sensu stricto. ... Binomial name Helminthostachys zeylanica (L.) Hook. ...

These ferns differ from the other ferns in several respects:

• they produce only a single leaf at a time
• instead of the leptosporangia typical of most ferns they produce eusporangia, which are larger, contain more spores, and have thicker walls
• their sporophylls are divided into two distinct parts, the sporophore which produces sporangia and has a greatly reduced and modified blade, and the trophophore, which is very similar to the trophophylls in size, color, shape, and so forth
• their gametophytes are subterranean and rely on fungi for their energy (in other words, they are mycoheterotrophic), unlike the terrestrial, photosynthetic gametophytes found in most ferns.

Members of Ophioglossaceae are usually terrestrial (excepting a few epiphytic species of Ophioglossum) and occur in both temperate and tropical areas. The leaves are usually fleshy, and in temperate areas will often turn brownish or reddish during colder months. In addition to having mycoheterotrophic gametophytes, there are a few members of Botrychium that are unique among ferns in having the sporophytes also mycoheterotrophic, producing only small, ephemeral sporophylls that do not photosynthesize. “Foliage” redirects here. ... A sporangium (pl. ... A sporophyll is a a spore-bearing leaf located on plants such as ferns or algae. ... In plants that undergo alternation of generations, a gametophyte is the structure, or phase of life, that contains only half of the total complement of chromosomes: The sporophyte produces spores, in a process called meiosis. ... Subterranean can also refer to something below the Earths surface Subterranean was an album released by Swedish heavy metal band In Flames in 1995. ... For the fictional character, see Fungus the Bogeyman. ... A terrestrial plant is one that grows on land. ... The leaf is the primary site of photosynthesis in plants. ... Near Orosí, Costa Rica Epiphytes on a tree near Santa Elena in Costa Rica An example of an epiphyte assemblage of orchids and bromeliads in a garden setting in Hawaii An epiphyte is any plant that grows upon or attached to another living plant. ... In geography, temperate latitudes of the globe lie between the tropics and the polar circles. ... The tropics are the geographic region of the Earth centered on the equator and limited in latitude by the two tropics: the Tropic of Cancer in the north and the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere. ... In plants that undergo alternation of generations, a sporophyte is the structure, or phase of life, that contains a total complement of chromosomes: The sporophyte produces spores, in a process called meiosis. ...

The genera Botrychium (with its segregate genera Botrypus, Japanobotrychium and Sceptridium) and Helminthostachys are sometimes placed in their own families, Botrychiaceae and Helminthostachyaceae, respectively. Species Botrychium boreale Botrychium lanceolatum Botrychium lunaria Botrychium matricariifolium Botrychium simplex Moonworts are seedless vascular plants of the genus Botrychium, sensu stricto. ... Species Botrychium virginianum Grape-ferns are seedless vascular plants of the genus Botrychium which are in some classifications segregated in a separate genus, Botrypus. ... Species Sceptridium dissectum Sceptridium multifidum Sceptridium rugulosum Sceptridium is a genus of seedless vascular plants, closely allied to (and previously often included in) the genus Botrychium (moonworts) and also closely related to the genus Botrypus (grape-ferns). ... Binomial name Helminthostachys zeylanica (L.) Hook. ... The Botrychiaceae (moonwort family) is a small family of three genera in the order Ophioglossophyta. ... Binomial name Helminthostachys zeylanica (L.) Hook. ...

References and external links

• Kato, M. 1987. A phylogenetic classification of Ophioglossaceae. Gardens Bulletin (Singapore) 40: 1-14.
• Smith, A. R., K. M. Pryer, E. Schuettpelz, P. Korall, H. Schneider & P. G. Wolf. 2006. A classification for extant ferns. Taxon 55(3):705–731.
• Wagner, W. H. 1990. Ophioglossaceae, Pp. 193-197 in K. Kubitzki (ed.), The families and genera of vascular plants. Volume 1. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. K. U. Kramer and P. S. Green, volume eds. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
• Ophioglossaceae in Flora of North America (incl. Botrychiaceae)

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Ophioglossaceae