The genus Ophrys is a large group of orchids from the alliance Orchis in the subtribe Orchidinae. There are many natural hybrids. Orchid re-directs here; for alternate uses see Orchid (disambiguation) Genera Over 800 See List of Orchidaceae genera. ...

They are referred to as the "Bee orchids" because of the flowers of some species resemble the furry bodies of Bumble Bees and other insects. Their scientific name is derived from the Greek word "ophrys", meaning "eyebrow", referring to the furry edges of the lips of several species. Species see text A bumblebee in flight The bumblebee is a flying insect of the genus Bombus in the family Apidae. ... Orders Subclass Apterygota Symphypleona - globular springtails Subclass Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) Subclass Dicondylia Monura - extinct Thysanura (common bristletails) Subclass Pterygota Diaphanopteroidea - extinct Palaeodictyoptera - extinct Megasecoptera - extinct Archodonata - extinct Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) Infraclass Neoptera Blattodea (cockroaches) Mantodea (mantids) Isoptera (termites) Zoraptera Grylloblattodea Dermaptera (earwigs) Plecoptera (stoneflies) Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets...

Ophrys was first mentioned in the book "Natural History" by Pliny the Elder (23-79 AD). Gaius Plinius Secundus, (23–79) better known as Pliny the Elder, was an ancient author and scientist of some importance who wrote Naturalis Historia. ...

They are terrestrial or ground orchids from central to South Europe, North Africa, Asia Minor, up to the Caucasus Mountains, but mostly around the Mediterranean. They are considered the most important group of European terrestrial orchids. Terrestrial literally means of the earth and is used in a variety of contexts: In biology and in the general sense, terrestrial means indicates ground-dwelling (compare aquatic). ... Orchid re-directs here; for alternate uses see Orchid (disambiguation) Genera Over 800 See List of Orchidaceae genera. ... World map showing location of Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is geologically and geographically a peninsula, forming the westernmost part of Eurasia. ... Africa is the largest of the three great southward projections from the main mass of the Earths surface. ... Anatolia (Greek: ανατολη anatole, rising of the sun or East; compare Orient and Levant, by popular etymology Turkish Anadolu to ana mother and dolu filled), also called by the Latin name of Asia Minor, is a region of Southwest Asia which corresponds today to the Asian portion of Turkey. ... This article is about the terrestrial mountain range. ... The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ...

During summer all Ophrys orchids are dormant as an underground bulbous tuber, which serves as a food reserve. In late summer/autumn they develop a rosette of leaves. Also a new tuber starts to grow and matures until the following spring; the old tuber slowly dies. The next spring the flowering stem starts to grow. During flowering the leaves already start to wither. A tuber is a part of a rhizome thickened for use as a storage organ, usually, though not always, subterranean, such as a potato. ...

Most Ophrys orchids are dependent on symbiotic fungi. Because of this, some species only develop small alternate leaves. They cannot be transplanted due to this symbiosis. The shiny, basal leaves have a green or bluish color. Common Clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris) in their Magnificent Sea Anemone (Heteractis magnifica) home. ... Divisions Microsporidia Chytridiomycota Zygomycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota Fungi (singular: fungus) are a major group of living things, originally considered plants but now treated as the separate kingdom Fungi. ... In botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant organ specialized for photosynthesis. ...

The flowers surpass all other European orchids. Two to twelve flowers grow on an erect stem with basal leaves. They are absolutely unique not only because of their unequaled beauty, color range and exceptional forms, but also because of the ingenuity by which they attract insects. Their lip mimics several insects, such as that of a bee, a wasp, or a beetle, attracting and duping the right pollinator. This visual cue serves as a close-range attractant. This pollination mimicry is enhanced by producing the scent of the receptive female insect. This is the long-range attractant. These insect pheromones cause them to approach and investigate the flowers more closely. This all happens in a period that only males are active and females haven't appeared yet. Wildflowers A flower is the reproductive organ of those plants classified as angiosperms (flowering plants; Division Magnoliophyta). ... In common parlance, a stem is any elongated, usually narrow, extension or supporting structure of an object. ... The Labellum (or Lip) is a part of an orchid. ... Families Andrenidae Anthophoridae Apidae Colletidae Ctenoplectridae Halictidae Heterogynaidae Megachilidae Melittidae Oxaeidae Sphecidae Stenotritidae bee or bees, see bee (disambiguation). ... WASP (an acronym for White Anglo-Saxon Protestant) is a term that originally denoted the culture, customs, and heritage of the American élite Establishment. ... Suborders Adephaga Archostemata Myxophaga Polyphaga many subgroups: see Subgroups of the order Coleoptera Beetles (order Coleoptera) are one of the main groups of insects. ... A pollinator is the agent that moves pollen from the male anthers of a flower to the female stigma of a flower to accomplish fertilization or syngamy of the female gamete in the ovule of the flower by the male gamete from the pollen grain. ... A mimic is any species that has evolved to appear similar to another successful species in order to dupe predators into avoiding the mimic, or dupe prey into approaching the mimic. ... Fanning honeybee exposes Nasonov gland (white-at tip of abdomen) releasing pheromone to entice swarm into an empty hive A pheromone is any chemical produced by a living organism that transmits a message to other members of the same species. ...

The Bumblebee Orchid (Ophrys bombyliflora) is a typical example. It has flowers that look and smell so much like female Bumble Bees that males flying nearby are irresistibly drawn in by this chemical signal, stimulating them sexually. The insect gets so excited that he starts to copulate with the flower. This is termed 'pseudocopulation'. The firmness, the smoothness and the velvety hairs of the lip are a further incentive for the insect to enter the flower. The pollinia inadvertently stick to the head or the abdomen of the male bumblebee. On visiting another orchid of the same species, the bumblebee pollinates its sticky stigma with the pollinia. The filaments of the pollinia have, during transport, taken such a position that the waxy pollen are able to stick to the stigma. Such is the refinement of the reproduction. If the filaments hadn’t taken the new position, the pollinia could not have pollinated the new orchid. Species see text A bumblebee in flight The bumblebee is a flying insect of the genus Bombus in the family Apidae. ... Pollinium, or plural pollinia, is a coherent mass of pollen grains. ... The word stigma (plural stigmata) has more than one possible meaning: a mark such as that made with a branding iron in botany, stigma can mean a part of the female part of a flower; that part of a pistil which has no epidermis, and is fitted to receive the...

Every Ophrys orchid has its own pollinator insect and is completely dependent on this species for its survival. Furthermore, duped males are not likely to return. They even ignore other plants of the same species. Therefore, only about 10% of an Ophrys population gets pollinated. This is enough to preserve the population, since each Ophrys orchid produces about 12,000 minute seeds.

Species

Ophrys araneola

• Ophrys aegirtica
• Ophrys alasiatica (Cyprus).
• Ophrys annae
• Ophrys antiochiana (Turkey).
• Ophrys apifera : Bee Orchid (Europe, Medit. to Caucasus).
  • Ophrys apifera var. apifera
  • Ophrys apifera var. aurita
  • Ophrys apifera var. botteroni
  • Ophrys apifera var. bicolor
  • Ophrys apifera var. friburgensis
  • Ophrys apifera var. immaculata
  • Ophrys apifera var. trollii
• Ophrys arachnitiformis : (Europa, Asia Minor, Syria)
• Ophrys araneola : Small Spider Ophrys (Europe, Asia Minor)
• Ophrys argentoriensis
• Ophrys argolica (S. Greece to SW. Turkey).
• Ophrys atlantica (S. Spain, Sicilia, NW. Africa).
  • Ophrys atlantica subsp. atlantica (S. Spain, NW. Africa). Tuber geophyte
  • Ophrys atlantica subsp. hayekii (Sicilia, Tunisia). Tuber geophyte

Bumblebee Orchid (Ophrys bombyliflora)

• Ophrys aurelia
• Ophrys aveyronensis
• Ophrys aymoninii
• Ophrys bertolonii : Bertoloni's Bee Orchid (W. & C. Medit.)
  • Ophrys bertolonii subsp. balearica (Baleares). Tuber geophyte
  • Ophrys bertolonii subsp. bertolonii (W. & C. Medit.) Tuber geophyte
• Ophrys bilunulata
• Ophrys bombyliflora : Bumblebee Orchid (Canary Is., Medit.)
• Ophrys catalaunica
• Ophrys ciliata
• Ophrys cilicica (S. & SE. Turkey to N. Syria and Iran).
• Ophrys conradiae
• Ophrys cornutula (East Aegean Is.)
• Ophrys crabronifera (C. & E. Italy, Croatia).
• Ophrys cretica (S. Greece, S. Aegean Is.)

Bumblebee Orchid (Ophrys bombyliflora)

• Ophrys dianica (Spain).
• Ophrys dodekanensis (East Aegean Is.).
• Ophrys drumana
• Ophrys eptapigiensis (East Aegean Is.)
• Ophrys eleonorae
• Ophrys exaltata (NE. Spain to Italy).
  • Ophrys exaltata subsp. tyrrhena (Italy). Tuber geophyte.
• Ophrys ferrum-equinum (Albania to SW. & S. Turkey).
  • Ophrys ferrum-equinum var. anafiensis (Greece) Tuber geophyte.
  • Ophrys ferrum-equinum var. ferrum-equinum (Albania to SW. & S. Turkey). Tuber geophyte.
  • Ophrys ferrum-equinum var. gottfriediana (Greece). Tuber geophyte.
  • Ophrys ferrum-equinum var. minor (Greece) Tuber geophyte.
• Ophrys flavomarginata (Cyprus, Syria to Israel).
• Ophrys fleischmannii (E. Medit.)
• Ophrys forestieri

Ophrys fusca

• Ophrys fusca : Dark Bee Orchid (Medit.)
  • Ophrys fusca ssp. blitopertha (Aegean Is. to SW. Turkey) Tuber geophyte
  • Ophrys fusca ssp. cinereophila (S. Greece to N. Syria). Tuber geophyte
  • Ophrys fusca ssp. funerea
  • Ophrys fusca ssp. fusca (Medit.) Tuber geophyte
  • Ophrys fusca ssp. minima (France) Tuber geophyte
  • Ophrys fusca ssp. vasconica (SW. Europe). Tuber geophyte
• Ophrys halia (East Aegean Is.).
• Ophrys helios (Crete).
• Ophrys holoserica (syn. Ophrys fuciflora) (W. & C. Europe to Medit.)
  • Ophrys holoserica ssp. bornmuelleri (E. Medit. to N. Iraq). Tuber geophyte
  • Ophrys holoserica ssp. candica (SE. Italy to SW. Turkey). Tuber geophyte
  • Ophrys holoserica ssp. chestermanii (SW. Sardegna). Tuber geophyte
  • Ophrys holoserica ssp. elatior (France to S. Germany). Tuber geophyte
  • Ophrys holoserica nothosubsp. halicarnassia (Turkey). Tuber geophyte
  • Ophrys fuciflora ssp. gracilis
  • Ophrys holoserica ssp. holoserica (W. & C. Europe to Medit.) Tuber geophyte
  • Ophrys holoserica ssp. lacaitae (Sicilia to S. Italy). Tuber geophyte

Ophrys holoserica

• • Ophrys holoserica ssp. maxima (Crete to SW. & S. Turkey, Israel). Tuber geophyte
  • Ophrys holoserica ssp. oxyrrhynchos (Sardegna to Sicilia, Italy). Tuber geophyte
  • Ophrys holoserica ssp. biancae (SE. Sicilia). Tuber geophyte
• Ophrys iceliensis (Turkey).
• Ophrys illyrica (Croatia).
• Ophrys incubacea : Spider Orchid (S. Europe).
• Ophrys insectifera : Fly Orchid (Europe).
  • Ophrys insectifera subsp. insectifera (Europe). Tuber geophyte
  • Ophrys insectifera nothosubsp. tytecaeana (France). Tuber geophyte
• Ophrys iricolor (Medit.)
  • Ophrys iricolor subsp. iricolor (E. Medit.)
  • Ophrys iricolor subsp. maxima (Corse, Sardegna, Tunisia) Tuber geophyte
• Ophrys isaura (S. Turkey).
• Ophrys israelitica (Aegean Is. to Jordan).
• Ophrys kopetdagensis ( Turkmenistan).
• Ophrys kotschyi (Cyprus).
• Ophrys latakiana (Syria).
• Ophrys lindia (East Aegean Is.)
• Ophrys lunulata (Sicilia to S. Italy).
• Ophrys lupercalis

Fly Orchid (Ophrys insectifera)

• Ophrys lutea : Yellow Ophrys (Medit.)
  • Ophrys lutea ssp. lutea (W. & C. Medit.) Tuber geophyte
  • Ophrys lutea ssp. pseudospeculum (Medit.) Tuber geophyte
• Ophrys lycia (SW. Turkey)
• Ophrys lyciensis (Turkey).
• Ophrys magniflora
• Ophrys mammosa : Bosom Orchid (SE. Europe to S. Turkmenistan).
• Ophrys marmorata
• Ophrys maxima (Crete).

Yellow Ophrys (Ophrys lutea)

• Ophrys morisii (S. Corse, Sardegna).
• Ophrys negadensis (Greece).
• Ophrys omegaifera Medit.)
  • Ophrys omegaifera ssp. dyris (S. Iberian Pen, Baleares, Morocco). Tuber geophyte
  • Ophrys omegaifera ssp. omegaifera (C. & E. Medit.) Tuber geophyte
• Ophrys ortuabis (Sardegna).
• Ophrys pallida (Sicilia, Malta, Algeria, Tunisia).
• Ophrys panattensis (Sardegna). Probably a hybrid between O. argolica and O. lunulata
• Ophrys parvula (East Aegean Is.).
• Ophrys persephonae (E. Aegean Is.).
• Ophrys picta
• Ophrys pollinensis (Italy). Probably a hybrid between O. argolica and O. holosericea
• Ophrys praecox (S. Corse to NW. Sardegna)
• Ophrys promontorii (C. & S. Italy).
• Ophrys provincialis
• Ophrys pseudapifera
• Ophrys pseudobertolonii (W. & C. Medit.)
  • Ophrys pseudobertolonii ssp. bertoloniiformis (W. & C. Medit.) Tuber geophyte
  • Ophrys pseudobertolonii ssp. pseudobertolonii (N. Italy) Tuber geophyte

Early Spider Orchid (Ophrys sphegodes)

• Ophrys pseudomammosa (Greece to N. Turkey).
• Ophrys reinholdii (Balkan Pen. to NW. Iran)
  • Ophrys reinholdii ssp. reinholdii (Balkan Pen. to SW. Turkey) Tuber geophyte
  • Ophrys reinholdii ssp. straussii (S. & SE. Turkey to NW. Iran) Tuber geophyte
• Ophrys santonica
• Ophrys schulzei (CS. & SE. Turkey to Lebanon and Iran)
• Ophrys scolopax : Woodcock Orchid (Hungary, Medit. to Caucasus).
  • Ophrys scolopax ssp. cornuta : Horned Orchid (Hungary to Turkey). Tuber geophyte
  • Ophrys scolopax ssp. heldreichii (Greece to SW. Turkey, Cyprus) Tuber geophyte
  • Ophrys scolopax ssp. scolopax (Medit. to Caucasus) Tuber geophyte
• Ophrys sicula : Lesser Yellow Bee Orchid (S. & E. Medit.)
• Ophrys speculum : Mirror Bee Orchid (Medit.)
• Ophrys sphegodes : Early Spider Orchid (W. & S. Europe to Turkey).
  • Ophrys sphegodes ssp. aesculapii (Albania to S. Turkey). Tuber geophyte
  • Ophrys sphegodes ssp. parnassica (Greece, Crete). Tuber geophyte
  • Ophrys sphegodes ssp. sphegodes (W. & S. Europe to Crimea). Tuber geophyte

Mirror Bee Orchid (Ophrys speculum)

• Ophrys splendida
• Ophrys spruneri (Sicilia to Israel)
  • Ophrys spruneri ssp. panormitana (Sicilia). Tuber geophyte
  • Ophrys spruneri ssp. spruneri (Greece to Israel) Tuber geophyte
• Ophrys sulcata
• Ophrys tenthredinifera (Medit.)
• Ophrys turcomanica (NE. Iran).
• Ophrys umbilicata (WC. Medit. to Iran).
  • Ophrys umbilicata ssp. attica (Corse to Iran).
  • Ophrys umbilicata ssp. umbilicata (E. Medit. to S. Iran). Tuber geophyte
• Ophrys vasconica
• Ophrys vernixia (Medit.)
  • Ophrys vernixia ssp. ciliata (Medit.) Tuber geophyte
  • Ophrys vernixia ssp. orientalis (Greece) Tuber geophyte
  • Ophrys vernixia ssp. regis-ferdinandii (E. Aegean Is. to SW. Turkey) Tuber geophyte
  • Ophrys vernixia ssp. vernixia (WC. & S. Portugal, N. Spain).Tuber geophyte
• Ophrys zonata

Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Binomial name Ophrys apifera The Bee Orchid (Ophrys apifera Hudson) is a rare and protected perennial, growing on semi-dry turf, on limestone, calcareous dunes or in open areas in woodland. ... Download high resolution version (1024x985, 62 KB)Bumblebee Orchid (Ophrys bombyliflora) Downloaded from : [[1]] License : email from the author Gunnar Norman Van: Gunnar Norman Datum: 09/27/04 10:50:29 Aan: JoJan Onderwerp: Re: Fw: image of Ophrys bombyliflora OK, I agree to have my picture included in the... Download high resolution version (1024x985, 62 KB)Bumblebee Orchid (Ophrys bombyliflora) Downloaded from : [[1]] License : email from the author Gunnar Norman Van: Gunnar Norman Datum: 09/27/04 10:50:29 Aan: JoJan Onderwerp: Re: Fw: image of Ophrys bombyliflora OK, I agree to have my picture included in the... Download high resolution version (1024x1024, 149 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (1024x1024, 149 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (854x1280, 167 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (854x1280, 167 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (580x810, 127 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (580x810, 127 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (845x1060, 236 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (845x1060, 236 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Binomial name Ophrys lutea Cav. ... Ophrys lutea This image is taken from the French Wikipedia, but has been cropped somewhat. ... Ophrys lutea This image is taken from the French Wikipedia, but has been cropped somewhat. ... Ophrys araneola (an orchid) Downloaded from French Wikipedia : [[1]] File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Ophrys araneola (an orchid) Downloaded from French Wikipedia : [[1]] File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Download high resolution version (962x956, 123 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (962x956, 123 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...

Natural hybrids

• Ophrys × aghemanii (O. scolopax subsp. cornuta × O. turcomanica) (Iran).
• Ophrys × albertiana (O. apifera × O. holosericea) (Europe).
  • Ophrys × albertiana nothosubsp. albertiana (Europe). Tuber geophyte
  • Ophrys × albertiana nothosubsp. morellensis (O. apifera × O. holoserica ssp. candica) (Italy) Tuber geophyte.

Ophrys apifera (left),
Ophrys holoserica (right)
from Thomé Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz 1885

• Ophrys × alibertiana (O. spruneri × O. tenthredinifera) (Crete).
• Ophrys × ambrosii (O. fusca ssp. minima × O. vasconica) (Europe)
• Ophrys × angelensis (O. incubacea × O. promontorii) (Italy).
• Ophrys × anomala (O. maxima × O. scolopax ssp. heldreichii) (Crete)
• Ophrys × apicula (O. insectifera × O. sphegodes ssp. araneola) (Europe).
  • Ophrys × apicula nothosubsp. apicula (Europe). Tuber geophyte
  • Ophrys × apicula nothosubsp. fabrei (O. insectifera subsp. aymoninii × O. sphegodes subsp. arenosa) (Europe). Tuber geophyte
• Ophrys × argentariensis (O. crabronifera × O. incubacea) (Europe)
• Ophrys × aschersonii (O. holosericea × O. sphegodes) (Europe).
• Ophrys × azurea (O. promontorii × O. pseudobertolonii) (Italy).
• Ophrys × barlae (O. bertolonii × O. incubacea) (S. Europe).
• Ophrys × bastianii (O. magniflora × O. scolopax ssp. scolopax) (Europe)
• Ophrys × battandieri (O. fusca × O. lutea) (NW. Africa).
• Ophrys × baumanniana (O. cretica × O. sphegodes) (Crete)
• Ophrys × bayeri (O. fusca × O. omegaifera ssp. fleischmannii) (Cyprus).
• Ophrys × benoitiana (O. incubacea × O. sphegodes ssp. lunulata) (Sicily).
• Ophrys × bergonii (O. saratoi × O. scolopax ssp. scolopax) (Europe)
• Ophrys × bernardii (O. aveyronensis × O. scolopax ssp. scolopax) (Europe)
• Ophrys × bilineata (O. bertolonii × O. sphegodes) (Europe)
• Ophrys × bodegomii (O. passionis × O. tenthredinifera) (Spain).
• Ophrys × borakisiana (O. fusca × O. mammosa) (E. Aegean Is.).
• Ophrys × borgersiae (O. reinholdii × O. spruneri) (Greece).
• Ophrys × boscoquartensis (O. biscutella × O. sphegodes) (Italy).
• Ophrys × bourlieri (O. iricolor × O. lutea × O. tenthredinifera). (N. Africa).
• Ophrys × braunblanquetiana (O. fusca × O. incubacea) (Corse, Italy).

Ophrys x devenensis

• Ophrys × broeckii (O. arachnitiformis × O. araneola) (Europe)
• Ophrys × burneriana (O. sphegodes ssp. cretensis × O. spruneri) (Crete)
• Ophrys × campolati (O. promontorii × O. tenthredinifera) (Italy.
• Ophrys × camusii (O. exaltata × O. sphegodes) (Italy).
• Ophrys × carica (O. ferrum-equinum × O. holosericea) (Turkey.
• Ophrys × carpinensis (O. biscutella × O. scolopax ssp. cornuta) (Italy).
• Ophrys × carquierannensis (O. exaltata ssp. arachnitiformis × O. fusca) (France).
• Ophrys × cascalesii (O. sphegodes ssp. araneola × O. passionis) (France).
• Ophrys × chiesesica (O. drumana × O. fuciflora) (Europe)
• Ophrys × chimaera (O. bertolonii × O. sulcata) (Europe)
• Ophrys × chobautii (O. lutea × O. vernixia ssp. ciliata) (SW. Europe).
• Ophrys × circaea (O. apifera × O. bombyliflora) (Italy).
• Ophrys × clapensis (O. bombyliflora × O. lutea) (France).
• Ophrys × composita (O. scolopax × O. tenthredinifera) (France)
• Ophrys × corcyrensis (O. ferrum-equinum × O. sphegodes) (Greece).
• Ophrys × cortesii (O. incubacea × O. araneola) (France)
• Ophrys × cosana (O. bombyliflora × O. incubacea) (France)
• Ophrys × costei (O. aveyronensis × O. passionis) (France)
• Ophrys × couloniana (O. bertolonii × O. promontorii) (Italy).
• Ophrys × cranbrookeana (O. exaltata ssp. arachnitiformis × O. scolopax) (France).
• Ophrys × cugniensis (O. bertolonii × O. lutea) (Sicilia).
• Ophrys × daneschianum (O. bertoloniiformis × O. tenthredinifera) (France)
• Ophrys × delphinensis (O. argolica × O. scolopax ssp. cornuta) (S. Greece).
• Ophrys × devenensis (O. holosericea × O. insectifera) (Europe).
• Ophrys × diakoptensis (O. delphinensis × O. spruneri) (Greece).
• Ophrys × domitia (O. bombyliflora × O. lutea ssp. pseudospeculum) (France)
• Ophrys × domus-maria (O. apifera var. ? apifera × O. morisii) (France)
• Ophrys × duvigneaudiana (O. araneola × O. scolopax ssp. scolopax) (France)
• Ophrys × eliasii (O. fusca × O. vernixia ssp. ciliata) (S. Europe).
  • Ophrys × eliasii nothosubsp. conimbricensis (O. fusca × O. vernixia) (Portugal) Tuber geophyte
  • Ophrys × eliasii nothosubsp. eliasii (S. Europe). Tuber geophyte
• Ophrys × emmae (O. bertolonii × O. vernixia ssp. ciliata) (S. Europe).
• Ophrys × enobarbia (O. bertolonii × O. fuciflora) (France)
• Ophrys × epidavrensis (O. argolica × O. sphegodes ssp. aesculapii) (Greece).
• Ophrys × estacensis (O. fuciflora × O. splendida) (France)
• Ophrys × ettlingeriana (O. argolica × O. umblicata ssp. attica) (Greece).
• Ophrys × extorris (O. holosericea × O. insectifera × O. sphegodes) (Austria).
• Ophrys × fabrei (O. araneola × O. aymoninii) (France)
• Ophrys × fayacensis (O. arachnitiformis × O. provincialis) (France)
• Ophrys × feldwegiana (O. ferrum-equinum × O. tenthredinifera) (Greece).
• Ophrys × fernandii (O. bombyliflora × O. vernixia ssp. ciliata) (France).
• Ophrys × ferruginea (O. fusca × O. holoserica) (Italy).
• Ophrys × flahaultii (O. apifera var. ? apifera × O. sphegodes) (France)
• Ophrys × flavicans (O. araneola × O. bertolonii) (France)
• Ophrys × gauthieri (O. fusca ssp. fusca × O. lutea ssp. lutea) (France)
• Ophrys × godferyana (O. arachnitiformis × O. sphegodes) (France)
• Ophrys × grafiana (O. bombyliflora × O. umblicata ssp. attica) (Greece)
• Ophrys × grampinii (O. sphegodes × O. tenthredinifera) (Italy to Sicilia).
• Ophrys × grinincensis (O. provincialis x O. saratoi)
• Ophrys × gumprechtii (O. bertolonii × O. holosericea ssp. parvimaculata) (Italy).
  • Ophrys × gumprechtii nothosubsp. enobarbia (O. bertolonii × O. holosericea) (Italy). Tuber geophyte
  • Ophrys × gumprechtii nothosubsp. gumprechtii (Italy). Tuber geophyte
• Ophrys × heraultii (O. tenthredinifera × O. vernixia subsp. ciliata) (Baleares).
• Ophrys × hoeppneri (O. bombyliflora × O. sphegodes) (Italy).
• Ophrys × hybrida (O. insectifera × O. sphegodes) (France)
• Ophrys × insidiosa (O. aegirtica × O. apifera) (France)
• Ophrys × inzengae (O. bertolonii × O. tenthredinifera) (France)
• Ophrys × jacquetii (O. araneola × O. magniflora) (France)
• Ophrys × jarigei (O. fusca ssp. minima × O. sphegodes)) (France)
• Ophrys × jeanpertii (O. araneola × O. sphegodes) (France)
• Ophrys × joannae (O. atlantica × O. iricolor) (N. Africa).
• Ophrys × kalteiseniana (O. ferrum-equinum × O. reinholdii) (Greece to Turkey).
• Ophrys × kelleri (O. exaltata subsp. arachnitiformis × O. incubacea) (France to Italy, S. Turkmenistan).
• Ophrys × kohlmuellerorum (O. scolopax ssp. scolopax × O. sulcata) (France)
• Ophrys × kreutziana (O. kotschyi × O. mammosa) (Cyprus).
• Ophrys × kulpensis (O. phrygia × O. schulzei) (Turkey)
• Ophrys × kurzeorum (O. atlantica × O. omegaifera ssp. dyris) (Spain) .
• Ophrys × laconensis (O. arachniiformis × O. tenthredinifera) (France)
• Ophrys × leguerrierae (O. lutea ssp. ? × O. araneola) (France)
• Ophrys × lievreae (O. iricolor × O. tenthredinifera) (N. Africa).
• Ophrys × lithinensis (O. omegaifera × O. sitiaca) (Crete).
• Ophrys × llenasii (O. incubacea × O. scolopax) (SW. Europe).
• Ophrys × luizetii (O. apifera × O. sphegodes ssp. araneola) (France)
• Ophrys × lumenii (O. bertolonii × O. ciliata) (France)
• Ophrys × lupiae (O. bertolonii × O. incubacea × O. tenthredinifera) (Italy).
• Ophrys × lydia (O. mammosa × O. vernixia ssp. regis-ferdinandii) (Greece to Turkey).
  • Ophrys × lydia nothosubsp. lydia (Turkey). Tuber geophyte
  • Ophrys × lydia nothosubsp. magnessa (O. mammosa × O. vernixia ssp. ciliata) (Greece). Tuber geophyte
• Ophrys × lyrata (O. bertolonii × O. incubacea) (France)
• Ophrys × macchiatii (O. sphegodes × O. vernixia ssp. ciliata) (Sardegna).
• Ophrys × maladroxiensis (O. holosericea × O. morisii) (Sardegna).
  • Ophrys × maladroxiensis nothosubsp. daissiorum (O. holosericea ssp. chestermanii × O. morisii) (Sardegna) Tuber geophyte
  • Ophrys × maladroxiensis nothosubsp. maladroxiensis (Sardegna) Tuber geophyte
• Ophrys × manfredoniae (O. incubacea × O. tenthredinifera) (Italy).
• Ophrys × maremmae (O. holosericea subsp. fuciflora × O. tenthredinifera) (Italy).
• Ophrys × marmarensis (O. holosericea × O. umbilicata) (E. Aegean Is.).
• Ophrys × mastii (O. ferrum-equinum × O. spruneri) (Greece).
• Ophrys × methonensis (O. argolica × O. tenthredinifera) (Greece).
• Ophrys × minuticauda (O. apifera × O. scolopax) (France, Sardegna).
  • Ophrys × minuticauda nothosubsp. donorensis (O. apifera × O. scolopax ssp. conradiae) (Sardegna).
  • Ophrys × minuticauda nothosubsp. minuticauda (France) Tuber geophyte
• Ophrys × mirtiae (O. sicula × O. vernixia ssp. ciliata) (Greece).
• Ophrys × monachorum (O. exaltata × O. fuciflora) (France)
• Ophrys × montis-angeli (O. biscutella × O. tenthredinifera) (Italy)
• Ophrys × montis-leonis (O. arachniformis × O. fuciflora ssp. fuciflora) (France)
• Ophrys × montserratensis (SW. Europe).
  • Ophrys montserratensis nothosubsp. montserratensis (Spain) Tuber geophyte
  • Ophrys montserratensis nothosubsp. neoruppertii (O. bertolonii × O. scolopax) (France). Tuber geophyte
• Ophrys × moreana (O. argolica × O. ferrum-equinum) (Greece).
• Ophrys × morensis (O. incubacea × O. praecox) (Sardegna).
• Ophrys × mulierum (O. mammosa × O. reinholdii) (Greece).
• Ophrys × nelsonii (O. insectifera × O. scolopax) (France).
• Ophrys × neocamusii (O. arachnitiformis × O. aurelia) (France)
• Ophrys × neorupperti (O. aurelia × O. scolopax ssp. scolopax) (France)
• Ophrys × neowalteri (O. bertolonii × O. sphegodes ssp. araneola) (France).
• Ophrys × obscura (O. fuciflora ssp. fuciflora × O. sphegodes) (France)
• Ophrys × olbiensis (O. bombyliflora × O. scolopax) (France).
• Ophrys × panattensis (O. conradiae × O. morisii) (France)
• Ophrys × pano-lefkaron (O. iricolor × O. mammosa) (E. Aegean Is. (Rodos) to Cyprus).
• Ophrys × pantaliciensis (O. incubacea × O. vernixia subsp. ciliata) (Sicilia).
• Ophrys × paphosiana (O. kotschyi × O. umbilicata) (Cyprus).
• Ophrys × peloponnesiaca (O. argolica × O. mammosa) (Greece).
• Ophrys × peltieri (O. scolopax × O. tenthredinifera) (N. Africa).
• Ophrys × personii (O. lutea × O. tentherdiniffera) (Italy).
• Ophrys × perspicua (O. holosericea × O. phrygia) (Turkey).
• Ophrys × pesseiae (O. morisii × O. panattensis) (Sardegna).
• Ophrys × philippei (O. scolopax × O. sphegodes) (S. Europe).
• Ophrys × pietzschii (O. apifera × O. insectifera) (Europe).
• Ophrys × piscinica (O. incubacea × O. lutea) (Italy).
• Ophrys × plorae (O. cretica × O. spruneri) (Crete).
• Ophrys × poisneliae (O. insectifera ssp. aymoninii × O. pseudobertolonii ssp. catalaunica) (Spain)
• Ophrys × provecta (O. bilunulata × O. omegaifera subsp. dyris) (Spain).
• Ophrys × pseudofunerea (O.funerea × O. sphegodes) (France)
• Ophrys × pseudofusca (O. fusca × O. sphegodes) (S. Europe)
• Ophrys × pseudoquadriloba (O. lutea × O. mammosa) (Greece).
• Ophrys × pseudospruneri (O. mammosa × O. spruneri) (Greece).
• Ophrys × pugliana (O. holosericea × O. oxyrrhynchos) (Italy).
• Ophrys × quadriloba (O. lutea ssp. lutea × O. sphegodes) (France)
• Ophrys × quintartiana (O. ariadnae × O. ferrum-equinum) (Greece).
• Ophrys × ragusana (O. bombyliflora × O. exaltata) (France)
• Ophrys × raimbaultii (O. incubacea × O. magniflora) (France)
• Ophrys × rainei (O. bombyliflora × O. incubacea) (S. Europe).
• Ophrys × rasbachii (O. argolica × O. vernixia ssp. ciliata) (Greece).
• Ophrys × rauschertii (O. apifera × O. insectifera × O. sphegodes) (Europe).
• Ophrys × raynaudii (O. argolica × O. reinholdii) (Greece).
• Ophrys × rechingeri (O. ferrum-equinum × O. mammosa) (Greece, Crete).
• Ophrys × regis-minois (O. cretica × O. scolopax ssp. heldreichii) (Crete)
• Ophrys × rovittellii (O. exaltata × O. tenthredinifera) (France)
• Ophrys × royanensis (O. drumana × O. insectifera) (France)
• Ophrys × salvatoris (O. bertolonii × O. biscutella) (Italy).
• Ophrys × samuelii (O. drumana × O. scolopax ssp. scolopax) (France)
• Ophrys × sanconoensis (O. exaltata × O. tenthredinifera) (Sicilia).
• Ophrys × sanctae-sofiae (O. iricolor × O. vernixia ssp. ciliata) (Sardegna).
• Ophrys × sancti-leonardi (O. fusca × O. tenthredinifera). (Italy).
• Ophrys × semibombyliflora (O. bombyliflora × O. exaltata ssp. arachniformis) (Italy).
• Ophrys × simica (O. lucis × O. tenthredinifera) (E. Aegean Is.)
• Ophrys × sivana (O. episcopalis × O. holosericea ssp. candica) (Crete to Turkey).
• Ophrys × soller (O. apifera × O. vernixia ssp. ciliata) (Baleares).
• Ophrys × sommieri (O. bombyliflora × O. tenthredinifera) (Medit.)
• Ophrys × sorrentini (O. bertolonii × O. tenthredinifera) (S. Europe).
• Ophrys × spanui (O. annae × O. tenthredinifera) (France)
• Ophrys × spuria (O. bertolonii × O. fusca) (S. Europe).
• Ophrys × stefaniae (O. ferrum-equinum × O. iricolor) (Greece).
• Ophrys × sundermanniana (O. argolica × O. spruneri) (Greece).
• Ophrys × telchinensis (O. ferrum-equinum × O. lucis) (E. Aegean Is.).
• Ophrys × terrae-laboris (O. promontorii × O. sphegodes) (Italy).
• Ophrys × todaroana (O. incubacea × O. sphegodes ?)) (France)
• Ophrys × torrensis (O. argentaria × O. × pseudoscolopax) (Italy).
• Ophrys × triadensis (O. sicula × O. tenthredinifera) (Greece).
• Ophrys × tuscanica (O. crabronifera × O. tenthredinifera) (Italy).
• Ophrys × tytecana (O. aymoninii × O. insectifera) (France)
• Ophrys × varvarae (O. cretica × O. fusca) (Crete)
• Ophrys × vernonensis (O. biscutella × O. promontorii) (Italy).
• Ophrys × vespertilio (O. apifera × O. bertolonii) (Italy).
• Ophrys × vicina (O. holosericea × O. scolopax) (France, SW. Sardegna).
  • Ophrys × vicina nothosubsp. corriasiana (O. holosericea ssp. chestermanii × O. scolopax ssp. conradiae) (SW. Sardegna) Tuber geophyte
  • Ophrys × vicina nothosubsp. vicina (France) Tuber geophyte
• Ophrys × viglaensis (O. ferum-equinum var. minor × O. pruneri) (Greece)
• Ophrys × vogatsica (O. reinholdii × O. sphegodes) (Greece).
• Ophrys × waldmanniana (O. ferrum-equinum × O. vernixia ssp. ciliata) (Greece).
• Ophrys × yvonneae (O. holosericea ssp. apulica × O. incubacea) (Italy).