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The opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, is the type of poppy from which opium and all refined opiates such as morphine, thebaine, codeine, papaverine, and noscapine are extracted. The binomial name means, loosely, the "sleep-bringing poppy", referring to its narcotic properties. The seeds from low morphine varieties[citation needed] are important food items, and contain healthy oils used in salads worldwide. Image File history File links Koeh-102. ...
For other uses, see Scientific classification (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Plant (disambiguation). ...
Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of land plants. ...
Magnoliopsida is the botanical name for a class: this name is formed by replacing the termination -aceae in the name Magnoliaceae by the termination -opsida (Art 16 of the ICBN). ...
families See text Ranunculales is an order of flowering plants. ...
It has been suggested that Poppy be merged into this article or section. ...
Species See text. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Carl Linnaeus, Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as , (May 23, 1707[1] – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist[2] who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of nomenclature. ...
This article is about the plant. ...
This article is about the drug. ...
Morphine (INN) (IPA: ) is a highly potent opiate analgesic drug and is the principal active agent in opium and the prototypical opiate. ...
A minor constituent of opium, thebaine or paramorphine (C19H21NO3) is chemically similar to both morphine and codeine, but produces stimulatory rather than depressant effects. ...
Codeine (INN) or methylmorphine is an opiate used for its analgesic, antitussive and antidiarrheal properties. ...
Papaverine is an opium alkaloid used primarily in the treatment of visceral spasm, vasospasm (especially those involving the heart and the brain), and occasionally in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. ...
Noscapine (also known as Narcotine) is an opioid agonist without significant analgesic properties [1]. It is grouped as part of the benzylisoquinolines, of which papaverine is also included. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Varieties
Papaver somniferum is a species of plant with many sub-groups or varieties. Some of the varieties (such as the Norman and Przemko varieties) have "low morphine" content, meaning they have insufficient opium compounds to produce a "high" or to be useful to the drug trade. These "low morphine" varieties are sometimes called "breadseed poppies" or "florist poppies". In the USA the DEA considers it legal for gardeners to cultivate these "low morphine" varieties. The hierarchy of scientific classification. ...
Colors of the flower vary widely, as do other physical characteristics (number and shape of petals, number of pods, production of morphine, etc.). Possession of any part of non-"low morphine" Papaver somniferum other than the seed is outlawed in the United States and is listed as a Schedule II controlled substance by the Drug Enforcement Administration.[1] For other uses, see Flower (disambiguation). ...
The DEAs enforcement activities may take agents anywhere from distant countries to suburban U.S. homes. ...
Papaver somniferum Paeoniflorum Group (sometimes called Papaver paeoniflorum) is a sub-type of opium poppy whose flowers are highly double, and are grown in many colors. Papaver somniferum Laciniatum Group (sometimes called Papaver laciniatum) is a sub-type of opium poppy whose flowers are highly double and deeply lobed, to the point of looking like a ruffly pompon. Pom-pons Pom-Pon: A prop of sorts used in the sport of Cheerleading for a variety of reasons including attracting the attention of a crowd, accentuating movements, distracting an opposing team (though in very limited fashion and never in an unsportsmanlike manner), and adding an element of sparkle to...
Use as food The seeds of the poppy are widely used as the popular "poppy seed" found in and on many food items such as bagels, bialys, muffins and cakes. The seeds can be pressed to form poppyseed oil, which can be used in cooking, or as a carrier for oil-based paints. According to the Encyclopedia Britannica's entry regarding the Opium poppy seeds, the seed contains no narcotic elements. A ripe red jalapeño cut open to show the seeds For other uses, see Seed (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Bagel (disambiguation). ...
Bialies Bialy is a small roll named for the city of Białystok in Poland. ...
Poppyseed oil (also poppy seed oil or poppy oil) is oil extracted from the seeds of the opium poppy ( The whole seeds of the poppy plant are edible and non-toxic, and have been used for various culinary purposes (particularly baking) since ancient times. ...
View of Delft in oil paint, by Johannes Vermeer. ...
Although they are supposed to be clear of narcotics, the television show MythBusters demonstrated that one could test positive for narcotics after consuming 4 poppy seed bagels. The show Brainiac: Science Abuse had subjects that tested positive with only 2 poppy seed bagels. This situation was parodied on the show Seinfeld. This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Brainiac: Science Abuse is a television programme showing in the UK on Sky One (and repeated on Sky Mix). ...
This article is about the sitcom. ...
In India and Turkey opium poppy is known as Khaskhas or Haşhaş (pronounced: "Hashhash") and is considered a highly nutritious food item, mostly added in dough while baking bread, highly recommended for pregnant women and new mothers. Dough Dough is a paste made out of any cereals (grains) or leguminous crops by grinding with small amount of water. ...
In Lithuania a traditional meal is prepared for the Kūčios (Christmas Eve) dinner from the poppy seeds. They are ground and mixed with water; round yeast biscuits (kūčiukai) are soaked in the resulting poppy seed 'milk' and served cold. KÅ«Äios is the traditional Christmas Eve supper in Lithuania, held on December 24. ...
The Christmas Eve (1904-05), watercolor painting by the Swedish painter Carl Larsson (1853-1919) Christmas Eve, the evening of December 24th, the preceding day or vigil before Christmas Day, is treated to a greater or a lesser extent in most Christian societies as part of the Christmas season. ...
Poppy for Medicine In both India and Turkey, opium production is used for medicinal purposes, making poppy-based drugs, such as morphine or codeine, for domestic use or exporting raw poppy materials to other countries. The United States buys 80 percent of its medicinal opium from these two countries. However, there is an acute global shortage of opium poppy-based medicines some of which (morphine) are on the World Health Organisation's list of essential drugs as they are the most effective way of relieving severe pain. A recent initiative to extend opium production for medicinal purposes called Poppy for Medicine was launched by The Senlis Council which thinks that Afghanistan could produce medicinal opium under a scheme similar to that operating in Turkey and India (see the Council's recent report "Poppy for Medicine" [1]). The Council proposes licensing poppy production in Afghanistan, within an integrated control system supported by the Afghan government and its international allies, in order to promote economic growth in the country, create vital drugs and combat poverty and the diversion of illegal opium to drug traffickers and terrorist elements. With poppy for medicine projects, opium poppy can be used as a valuable resource. This article is about the drug. ...
For other meanings of the acronym WHO, see WHO (disambiguation) WHO flag Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, the World Health Organization (WHO) is an agency of the United Nations, acting as a coordinating authority on international public health. ...
The World Health Organization (WHO) Model List of Essential Medicines is a guideline for national governments that want to ensure they have an inventory of medicines needed by every health system. ...
The Senlis Council Logo The Senlis Council is an international policy think tank with offices in Kabul, London, Paris and Brussels. ...
Opium production in the UK Recently, the British government has given the go ahead to the pharmaceutical company Macfarlan Smith (a Johnson Matthey company) to cultivate opium poppies in England for medicinal reasons, after Macfarlan Smith's primary source, India, decided to increase the price of export opium poppies. This move is well received by British farmers, with a major opium poppy field based in Didcot, England. This move by the British government has contradicted the Home Office's suggestion that opium cultivation can be legalized in Afghanistan for exports, helping lower poverty and internal fighting whilst helping NHS to meet the high demand for morphine and diamorphine. Opium poppy cultivation in the United Kingdom does not need a licence, however, a licence is required for those wishing to extract opium for medicinal products. [2] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Johnson Matthey plc (LSE: JMAT) is a British chemical company which has its headquarters near Holborn in central London. ...
For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ...
Statistics Population: 25,231 Ordnance Survey OS grid reference: SU525900 Administration District: South Oxfordshire Shire county: Oxfordshire Region: South East England Constituent country: England Sovereign state: United Kingdom Other Ceremonial county: Oxfordshire Historic county: Berkshire Services Police force: Thames Valley Police Ambulance: South Central Post office and telephone Post town...
For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ...
The National Health Service (NHS) is the publicly-funded healthcare system of the United Kingdom. ...
Morphine (INN) (IPA: ) is a highly potent opiate analgesic drug and is the principal active agent in opium and the prototypical opiate. ...
Heroin or diamorphine (INN) (colloquially referred to as junk, babania, horse, golden brown, smack, black tar, big H, lady H, dope, skag, juice, diesel, etc. ...
See drugs, medication, and pharmacology for substances that are used to treat patients. ...
Ornamental cultivation Many seed companies and nurseries grow and sell live plants and seeds in many highly beautiful variations.
Many countries grow the plants; some of which rely heavily on the commercial production of the drug as a major source of income. As an additional source of profit, the same seeds are sold in the culinary trade shortly thereafter, making cultivation of the plant a significant source of income. This international trade in seeds of non-"low morphine" Papaver somniferum was addressed by a UN resolution "to fight the international trade in illicit opium poppy seeds" on July 28, 1998. This article is about the United Nations, for other uses of UN see UN (disambiguation) Official languages English, French, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, Arabic Secretary-General Kofi Annan (since 1997) Established October 24, 1945 Member states 191 Headquarters New York City, NY, USA Official site http://www. ...
History Use of the opium poppy predates written history. Images of opium poppies have been found in ancient Sumerian artifacts (ca. 4000 BC)(southwest of modern Iran). The opium poppy was also known to the ancient Greeks, from whom it gained its modern name of Opium. In historic contexts from Greece remains have been discovered in proto-geometric contexts at sites such as kalapodi and Kastanas. Sumer (or Å umer) was the earliest known civilization of the ancient Near East, located in lower Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) from the time of the earliest records in the mid 4th millennium BC until the rise of Babylonia in the late 3rd millennium BC. The term Sumerian applies to all speakers...
Opium was used for treating asthma, stomach illnesses, and bad eye sight. The Opium Wars between China and the British Empire took place in the late 1830s when the Chinese attempted to stop the sale of opium by Britain, in China. Combat at Guangzhou during the Second Opium War The Opium Wars (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), or the Anglo-Chinese Wars were two wars fought around the middle of the 19th century (1839-1842 and 1858-1860 respectively)[1] that were the climax of a long dispute between China and...
The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ...
Many modern writers, particularly in the nineteenth century, have written on the opium poppy and its effects, notably L. Frank Baum with The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, and Thomas de Quincey's Confessions of an English Opium Eater Lyman Frank Baum (May 15, 1856 – May 6, 1919) was an American author, actor, and independent filmmaker best known as the creator, along with illustrator W. W. Denslow, of one of the most popular books ever written in American childrens literature, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, better known today...
For the film, see The Wizard of Oz (1939 film). ...
Thomas de Quincey from the frontispiece of Revolt of the Tartars, Thomas de Quincey (August 15, 1785 – December 8, 1859) was an English author and intellectual. ...
Confessions of an English Opium-Eater (1822) is an autobiographical novel by Thomas De Quincey first published in 1821 in the London Magazine, as a novel in 1822 and revised in 1856, about his laudanum (opium and alcohol) addiction and how it affected his life. ...
Photos Opium Poppy
from Thomé Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz 1885 Download high resolution version (1566x2284, 946 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
| A field of opium poppy in Burma. field of opium poppy US govt site, [1] File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
| Ornamental poppy at Chatsworth House, UK This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ...
A view of Chatsworth from the south-west circa 1880. ...
| Immature crowning opium poppy, top view Image File history File links Crowning_P_Somniferum_topview. ...
| Opium poppies Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
| Opium poppies during a harvest Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
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See also Binomial name Lam. ...
Sources and notes - ^ dea.gov erowid.org
- ^ The painkilling fields: England's opium poppies that tackle the NHS morphine crisis, Press release, 2007-15-09.
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