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Encyclopedia > Opportunistic disease

Opportunistic infections are infections in immunodeficient patients caused by pathogens which are incapable of causing infection in immunocompetent individuals.


Opportunistic infections occur in immunodeficiency diseases such as AIDS, as well as in patients who are on immunosuppressant drugs to prevent rejection of organ transplants and patients on some forms of chemotherapy.


Opportunistic pathogens include bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. Typical opportunistic infections include Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, cytomegalovirus infections and aspergillosis. None of these cause significant illness in immunocompetent individuals, but all can be life-threatening in the immunodeficient.


Certain otherwise rare, virally-mediated tumours such as Kaposi's sarcoma could be considered a form of opportunistic infection.


  Results from FactBites:
 
AIDS reappraisal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (5176 words)
Koch's postulates are a set of criteria formulated by Robert Koch and Friedrich Loeffler in the 19th century to establish a causal relationship between a suspected disease-causing organism and a disease.
Attempts to rigidly apply Koch's postulates to the diagnosis of viral diseases in the late 19th century, at a time when viruses could not be seen or isolated in culture, may have impeded the early development of the field of virology.
^ Evans AS (1976) Causation and disease: the Henle-Koch postulates revisited.
LAH Publications 400-499 (12955 words)
Overcoming these obstacles may be critical in the case of treatment for Gaucher disease type 1, because GC transduced cells have not been shown to have a growth advantage over noncorrected cells.
In HIV disease, all thymic-derived T-cell populations are gradually lost at identical rates during late-stage disease progression, while unusual, perhaps extrathymically-derived T cells expand.
Recent findings illustrate that diseases are often accompanied by changes in the numbers or function of `fine' lymphocyte subsets, even if changes in the bulk lymphocyte populations are not evident.
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