Cuba

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Cuba Cuban coat of arms This image depicts a seal, an emblem, a coat of arms or a crest. ... Fidel Castro, in front of statue of José Martí (designed Enrique Luis Varela, sculpture by Juan José Sicre and finished in 1958. ...

Constitution President Fidel Castro Vice President Raúl Castro Prime Minister National Assembly of People’s Power Council of State Council of Ministers Supreme Court Political parties Communist Party of Cuba Elections Provinces Cuba and democracy Opposition Varela Project Human rights Foreign relations Cuba-China relations Cuban-Soviet relations Cuba-United States relations

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Or Opposition to a Participatory Democracy (of Only Party) created by the Popular Socialist Revolution, named The Cuban Revolution This page contains a list of presidents of Cuba. ... For more information on this current event, see 2006 Cuban transfer of presidential duties. ... A vice president is an officer in government or business who is next in rank below a president. ... Raúl Castro waving the Cuban flag. ... Flag of the Prime Minister Prime Minister of Cuba is a term given to the President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba. ... The National Assembly of People’s Power (Spanish: Asamblea Nacional del Poder Popular) is the legislature of the Republic of Cuba. ... The Council of State is a thirty-one member body of the Republic of Cuba elected by the National Assembly of People’s Power. ... The Council of Ministers is the cabinet of the Republic of Cuba. ... The Peoples Supreme Court is the highest body of judicial power in Cuba, which is elected by, and accountable to, the National Assembly of People’s Power. ... Political parties in Cuba lists political parties in this country. ... The Communist Party of Cuba (Spanish: Partido Comunista de Cuba, PCC) is currently the only political party permitted to assemble or engage in any political activity in Cuba. ... Elections in Cuba gives information on election and election results in Cuba. ... Provinces of Cuba Cuba consists of 14 provinces, plus one special municipality. ... Since the time Castro came to power, the Cuban Government has been consistently condemned by Cubans, many international groups, and foreign governments for engaging in activities labeled “undemocratic”. In recent times, this dialogue has become the focus of discussion amongst a number of prominent political figures, including Jimmy Carter, Hugo... The Varela Project was a citizens initiative undertaken by Oswaldo Payá Sardiñas of the Christian Liberation Movement and others in Cuba. ... According to Human Rights Watch, the Cuban government has broad authority to restrict freedom of speech, association, assembly, press, and movement. ... Cubas once-ambitious foreign policy has been scaled back and redirected as a result of economic hardship and the end of the Cold War. ... Cuban relations with Peoples Republic of China are based on trade, credits, and investments which have increased significantly since the 1990s. ... Following the establishment of diplomatic ties to the Soviet Union, Cuba became increasingly dependent on Soviet markets and military and economic aid becoming an ally of the Soviet Union during the Cold war. ... Cuba and the United States of America have had a mutual interest in one another since well before either of their independence movements. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

The Opposition to Fidel Castro's Cuban government is largely unofficial and illegal within Cuba due to the political system led by Fidel Castro being a one party state. The most concentrated locus of opposition is amongst the Cuban-American exile community in Miami, Florida. This ilegal opposition is financed by the Government of United States of America. USINT For more information on this current event, see 2006 Cuban transfer of presidential duties. ... A single-party state or one-party system or single-party system is a type of party system and form of government where only a single political party dominates the government and no opposition parties are allowed. ... A Cuban-American is a resident of the United States or a United States citizen whose ancestry can be traced to Cuba. ... The term Cuban exile usually refers to the large exodus of Cubans fleeing Fidel Castros communist state since the 1959 Cuban Revolution and in particular the wave of Cuban American refugees to the U.S. during the years 1960 and 1979, who sought greater political and economic freedom. ... Nickname: The Magic City, Location in Miami-Dade County and the state of Florida. ... The United States Interests Section in Havana, or USINT, is the presence of the United States Department of State in Cuba. ...

Opposition groups and parties in Cuba

There are a number of opposition parties and groups that campaign for political change in Cuba. Though amendments to the Cuban Constitution of 1992 decriminalized the right to form political parties other than the Communist Party of Cuba, these parties are not permitted to engage in public political activities on the island. No party, including the Communist Party of Cuba, is permitted to campaign on behalf of candidates. Many of these parties participate in activities outside Cuba, gaining funding and support from international groups sympathetic to their ideology. Cuba has had several constitutions. ... The Communist Party of Cuba (Spanish: Partido Comunista de Cuba, PCC) is currently the only political party permitted to assemble or engage in any political activity in Cuba. ...

The largest of these parties is the Christian Democratic Party of Cuba, whose president is Marcelino Miyares Sotolongo. Other main parties include the Democratic Social-Revolutionary Party of Cuba and the Democratic Solidarity Party of Cuba. Whilst these parties campaign for pluralist democracy in Cuba, many are also critical of the United States embargo against Cuba. The Christian Democratic Party of Cuba (Partido Demócrata Cristiano de Cuba) is an illegal christian-democratic political party in Cuba. ... Marcelino Miyares Sotolongo is a Cuban-American marketing executive and the current President of the Christian Democratic Party of Cuba, the largest political party in Cuba other than the Communist Party of Cuba. ... The Democratic Social-Revolutionary Party of Cuba (Partido Social-Revolucionario Democrático de Cuba) is an illegal leftist political party in Cuba. ... The Democratic Solidarity Party (Partido Solidaridad Democrática) is an illegal liberal party in Cuba. ... Since the time Castro came to power, the Cuban Government has been consistently condemned by Cubans, many international groups, and foreign governments for engaging in activities labeled “undemocratic”. In recent times, this dialogue has become the focus of discussion amongst a number of prominent political figures, including Jimmy Carter, Hugo... The United States embargo against Cuba (described in Cuba as el bloqueo, Spanish for the blockade) is an economic, commercial and financial embargo imposed on Cuba by the United States on February 7, 1962. ...

Other groups which attempt to force change through the political process include the "Proyecto Varela", led by Oswaldo Payá. The organization reported having collected more than 10,000 signatures for a referendum requesting freedom of the press, freedom to form political parties, and freedom to create private business. According to Amnesty International their methods were non-violent, and their philosophy was democratic. [1] The government responded with its own petition drive to make the socialist system "untouchable", for which the government claimed a 99% voter approval. [2] The Varela Project was a citizens initiative undertaken by Oswaldo Payá Sardiñas of the Christian Liberation Movement and others in Cuba. ... Oswaldo Payá Sardiñas (born February 29, 1952 in Havana Cuba) is the founder and organizer of Proyecto Varela. External link Proyecto Varela full text in Spanish Categories: People stubs | 1952 births | Cuban politicians | Democracy activists ... A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita, a decree of the Concilium Plebis) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. ... Freedom of the press (or press freedom) is the guarantee by a government of free public press for its citizens and their associations, extended to members of news gathering organizations, and their published reporting. ... Freedom of assembly is the freedom to associate with, or organize any groups, gatherings, clubs, or organizations that one wishes. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization with the stated purpose of campaigning for internationally recognized human rights. ... Democracy (literally rule by the people, from the Greek demos, people, and kratos, rule) is a form of government for a nation state, or for an organization. ... Socialism refers to a broad array of doctrines or political movements that envisage a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subject to social control. ...

Oppositional Political Parties within Cuba

• List of political parties in Cuba

Political parties in Cuba lists political parties in this country. ...

Groups within Cuba

• Lawton Foundation- An organization to promote the "study, defense and denunciation of human rights inside Cuba". The group was formed by Oscar Elías Biscet.
• Proyecto Varela - A project initiated by Cuban based dissidents in 1998 whose main objective was to circulate a citizens' proposal of law advocating for liberal democratic political reforms within Cuba.
• Ladies in White
• Christian Liberation Movement

The Lawton Foundation was founded in 1997 in Havana, Cuba as a non-governmental organization to promote the study, defense and denunciation of human rights inside Cuba. The group was formed by Dr. Oscar Elías Biscet Gonzalez and is made up of adult Cuban citizens of all ages, social... Oscar Elías Biscet (born July 20, 1961) is a prominent Christian activist living within Cuba. ... The Varela Project was a citizens initiative undertaken by Oswaldo Payá Sardiñas of the Christian Liberation Movement and others in Cuba. ... Ladies in White (Damas de Blanco) is an opposition movement in Cuba that unites the spouses and other relatives of dissidents jailed by the government of Fidel Castro. ... The Christian Liberation Movement is a Cuban dissident movement advocating political change in Cuba. ...

Opposition outside of Cuba

There is a large exiled Cuban-American population residing in the United States, especially in and around Miami, FL. Those who oppose Castro are represented in part by the Cuban-American lobby, which campaigns for the U.S. government to maintain the U.S. embargo against Cuba and to press the Cuban government for political change. Other Cuban-American groups, many of them also opposed to Castro, advocate different policies, opposing the embargo and favoring more cultural and economic engagement. The Cuban government alleges Miami-based exiles of organizing over 700 armed incursions against Cuba over the past 40 years such as Alpha 66's 1994 and 1995 machine-gun attacks on the Guitart Cayo Coco Hotel. Many attempts have been made to extradite the alleged perpetrators of that incident for trial, but none have been successful. A Cuban-American is a resident of the United States or a United States citizen whose ancestry can be traced to Cuba. ... Nickname: The Magic City, Location in Miami-Dade County and the state of Florida. ... The Cuban-American lobby is a general term for the various groups largely made up by Cuban emigrants to the USA and their descendants who pressure the U.S. government over its policy toward Cuba. ... The United States embargo against Cuba (described in Cuba as el bloqueo, Spanish for the blockade) is an economic, commercial and financial embargo imposed on Cuba by the United States on February 7, 1962. ... Alpha 66 was a paramilitary anti-Castro terrorist group, under the auspices of the CIA, formed by Cuban exiles in Florida who trained during the 1960s and 1970s in the Everglades for an eventual armed invasion of Cuba. ...

On September 8, 2006, it was revealed that at least ten South Florida journalists received regular payments from the U.S. government for programs on Radio Martí and TV Martí, two broadcasters aimed at undermining the Cuban government. The payments totaled thousands of dollars over several years. Those who were paid the most were veteran reporters and a freelance contributor for El Nuevo Herald, the Spanish-language newspaper published by the corporate parent of The Miami Herald. The Cuban government has long contended that some South Florida Spanish-language journalists were on the federal payroll.^[1] Radio Martí is a radio and television broadcaster based in Miami, Florida, financed by the United States government (Broadcasting Board of Governors), which transmits Spanish-language radio broadcasts to Cuba. ... TV Martí was created by the US Government to provide news and current affairs programming to Cuba. ... El Nuevo Herald is a Knight Ridder newspaper published in Spanish in Miami, Florida. ... The Miami Herald is a daily newspaper owned by The McClatchy Company. ...

International Groups

• Alpha 66 - A paramilitary group formed in 1961. Have attempted several unauthorized military campaigns against Cuba and engaged in terrorist activities on international targets in order to raise the profile of their oppositional cause. [3].

• Brothers to the Rescue - A group of Cuban-American activists whose primary objective is to aid Cuban refugees and immigration seekers. The group have also attempted to distribute oppositional literature in Cuba via airdrops.

• Cuban American National Foundation - Lobbying group for Cuban-Americans in the United States. Also co-ordinates many of the oppositional strategies undertaken by smaller Cuban-American groups and individuals.[4].

• Coordination of United Revolutionary Organizations - Paramilitary group described by the FBI as "an anti-Castro terrorist umbrella organization".[5]

• International Committee for Democracy in Cuba Group headed by former Czech leader Vaclav Havel aimed to coordinate the approach of European and western hemisphere countries towards Castro’s government. [6]

• Cuban Libertarian Movement - a loose network of collectives and individuals comprising the Cuban anarchist movement, which is anti-capitalist, anti-Castro, and seeks change along libertarian socialist/libertarian communist or similar lines.

Alpha 66 was a paramilitary anti-Castro terrorist group, under the auspices of the CIA, formed by Cuban exiles in Florida who trained during the 1960s and 1970s in the Everglades for an eventual armed invasion of Cuba. ... Brothers to the Rescue (Spanish: Hermanos al Rescate) is a Miami-based organization headed by José Basulto. ... The Cuban American National Foundation (CANF) is a non-profit organization dedicated to overthrowing the Cuban government of Fidel Castro. ... Coordination of United Revolutionary Organizations (CORU) has been described by the FBI as an anti-Castro terrorist umbrella organization. It has taken part in operation Condor, organizing Chilean former minister Orlando Leteliers assassination in Washington, D.C. in 1976. ... The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a Federal police force which is the principal investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ... For more information on this current event, see 2006 Cuban transfer of presidential duties. ... The International Committee for Democracy in Cuba is a group based in Prague and headed by former Czech leader Václav Havel. ... Václav Havel [VAWTS-lav HA-vel] (born October 5, 1936) is a Czech writer and dramatist. ... The Cuban Libertarian Movement (MLC), (Movimiento Libertario Cubano) is a network of cuban anarchists living in exile abroad and in Cuba, including collectives and individuals. ... Anarchism is a generic term describing various political philosophies and social movements that advocate the elimination of hierarchy and imposed authority. ... Anti-capitalism is any and all opposition to capitalism. ... Libertarian socialism is a political philosophy dedicated to opposing coercive forms of authority and social hierarchy, in particular the institutions of capitalism and the state. ... Anarchist Communism, also known as Anarcho-Communism, Communo-Anarchism or Libertarian Communism, is a political ideology related to Libertarian socialism. ...

Historical events

• War Against the Bandits (1959 - 1965) - Since 1959, a few groups of Cubans that had fought side by side with Castro, began to take arms against the government, particularly in the Escambray Mountains region of Cuba. The Cuban government labeled them as bandits. By July 26, 1965 Fidel Castro claimed to have abolished "all the Bandits in Cuba".

• Bay of Pigs Invasion (April 17, 1961) - The Brigade 2506, a military force of about 1,300 Cuban expatriates, with support of the US government, invaded the Giron beaches ("Ataque a La Playa Girón"). This is known as the Bay of Pigs Invasion. This attempt to depose the Revolutionary Government ended in failure. After the Brigade had already engaged in battle, John F. Kennedy cancelled the order for air support, and despite fighting against superior numbers for three days, they surrendered only after their ammo was spent. Thousands of prisoners were taken by the Cuban government.

• The Cuban Project (1961 - 1962) - US President John F. Kennedy initiated a CIA operation on November 30, 1961 to "help Cuba overthrow the Communist regime" aiming "for a revolt which can take place in Cuba by October 1962". The covert plan was intended to fuel anti-Castro sentiments provoking an overthrow of the government or assassination attempts on Castro. The Cuban Project played a significant role in the events leading up to the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962. The operation was suspended on October 30, 1962, but three six-man sabotage teams had already been deployed to Cuba, and on November 8, 1962, one six-man CIA team blew up a Cuban industrial facility without permission.

• Ibero-American Summit Dissidents (1999) - About a dozen opposition groups claiming peaceful opposition to Castro's one-party state urged Ibero-American leaders to back their cause. 40 dissidents planning the gathering were arrested in Havana before the Ibero-American Summit. [7]

War Against the Bandits The War Against the Bandits (Escambray Revolt) was a revolt against the Revolutionary Government of Fidel Castro, mostly, but not exclusively (e. ... The Escambray Mountains are off the coast of the western shore of Cuba. ... Combatants Cuban militia Cuban exiles trained by the US Commanders Fidel Castro, Arnaldo Ochoa Sanchez Grayston Lynch Pepe San Roman Erneido Oliva Strength 51,000 1,500 Casualties 2,200; estimated 115 dead 1,189 captured Cuban poster warning before invasion showing a soldier armed with an RPD machine gun. ... Categories: Possible copyright violations ... John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to as John F. Kennedy, JFK or Jack Kennedy, was the 35th President of the United States. ... [1] first page of a meeting report on Operation Mongoose, October 4th 1962. ... The presidential seal was used by President Hayes in 1880 and last modified in 1959 by adding the 50th star for Hawaii. ... John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to as John F. Kennedy, JFK or Jack Kennedy, was the 35th President of the United States. ... The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an intelligence agency of the United States Government. ... Drink a niggas bucket of cum. ...

See also

• Cuba and democracy
• Human rights in Cuba

Since the time Castro came to power, the Cuban Government has been consistently condemned by Cubans, many international groups, and foreign governments for engaging in activities labeled “undemocratic”. In recent times, this dialogue has become the focus of discussion amongst a number of prominent political figures, including Jimmy Carter, Hugo... According to Human Rights Watch, the Cuban government has broad authority to restrict freedom of speech, association, assembly, press, and movement. ...

References

External links

General links

• International Freedom of Expression Exchange - Monitoring freedom of expression in Cuba.
• Human Rights Watch - Report from Human Rights Watch about Cuba.
• Letter from Cuba (Independent Press from Inside and Outside Cuba) Web site in Spanish and English with articles by Cubans inside of Cuba and outside. From San Juan, Puerto Rico.
• PDF document from the Carter Center - President Jimmy Carter announcing publicly in the Aula Magna the resting place of Félix Varela in University of Havana to the Cuban people about the existence of Proyecto Varela transmitted by the government's own TV station.
• Vitral Magazine - Vitral Magazine published in English and Spanish from Cuba by Cubans independent of Castro's government; published by the Service of the Civic and Religious Education Center of Pinar del Río.

Human Rights Watch Banner Human Rights Watch is a United States-based international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... James Earl Jimmy Carter, Jr. ... Aula Magna, from Latin aula (hall), magna (great), is a name frequently given to the great hall or great Ccassroom that many universities have for especial occasions. ... Father Félix Varela Stamp, 1997 Félix Varela y Morales (November 20, 1788-February 27, 1853) was born in Havana, Cuba and died in St. ... University of Havana or UH (in Spanish, Universidad de la Habana) was founded in September 21, 1721 and is the oldest university in Cuba and one of the first to be founded in the Americas. ... The Varela Project was a citizens initiative undertaken by Oswaldo Payá Sardiñas of the Christian Liberation Movement and others in Cuba. ... Old Cuban constructions inherited from the Spaniards have multicolored or polychrome glass on their windows they are called in Spanish Vitral just like stained glass windows in a church but in a minor scale. ... Statistics Capital: Pinar del Río Area: 10,925km² Inhabitants: 721,900 Population Density: 66. ...

Opposition Groups

• Cuban American National Foundation (CANF) - Official Web Site for the CANF.
• Proyecto Varela - Official Web Site for Proyecto Varela.
• Movimiento Libertario Cubano - Official Web Site of the MLC (Cuban anarchist movement)

Escambray war

• The forgotten war - Fighting Against Castro in Cuba.

Bay of Pigs invasion

• ParaScope: The Bay of Pigs Invasion
• History of Cuba - Bay of Pigs Invasion.
• Brigada 2506 - Bay of Pigs Invasion; includes pictures of the fallen.

Links

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA http://havana.usinterestsection.gov (USA) http://www.martinoticias.com (USA) http://ctp.iccas.miami.edu (USA) http://www.independent.org (USA) http://www.cubafreepress.org http://www.therealcuba.com http://www.lawtonfoundation.com

http://www.cubaencuentro.com http://www.cubalibredigital.com http://www.penhacubana.com http://www.lanuevacuba.com http://www.canf.org http://www.cadal.org http://www.pscuba.org http://www.cubanet.org http://www.cubaliberal.org http://www.somoscubanos.com http://www.cubaencuentro.com http://www.pcro.org http://www.procubalibre.org http://www.procubalibre.org.ar http://www.hispanocubana.org http://www.cubademocraciayvida.org http://www.miscelaneasdecuba.net http://www.adcuba.org