NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Opposition party

The Parliamentary Opposition is a form of political opposition to a designated government, particularly in a Westminster-based parliamentary system.

In non-proportionally representative assemblies, where the tendency to gravitate into two major parties or party groupings operates strongly, Government and Opposition roles can go to the two main groupings serially in alternation. In this context, the opposition forms a recognised, even semi-official "government-in-waiting". Its "opposing" can degenerate into a charade pending the eventual exchange of roles and (re-)occupation of the Treasury benches.

The more proportional a representative system, the greater the likelihood of multiple political parties appearing in the parliamentary debating chamber. Such systems can foster multiple "opposition" parties which may have little in common and minimal desire to form a united bloc opposed to the government of the day.

Some well-organised democracies, dominated long-term by a single faction, reduce their parliamentary opposition to tokenism. Singapore exemplifies a case of a numerically weak opposition; South Africa under the apartheid regime maintained a long-term imbalance in the parliament. In some cases tame 'opposition' parties are created by the governing groups in order to create an impression of democratic debate.

By their very presence in the debating chamber, parliamentary oppositions recognise the legitimacy of the system of politics, and thus may share many of the views of the government. The Opposition in such cases can justly claim the title of His/Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition. Often one must go to the extra-parliamentary oppositions to find radical or fundamental alternatives to the status quo.

The title of "Official Opposition" usually goes to the largest of the parties sitting in Opposition with its leader being given the title Leader of the Opposition.

Challenges faced by opposition parties (665 words)
	Hopes that the opposition parties would increase their lot in parliament went up in smoke after the results were out as Goliath came out the victor.
	The opposition parties which are poor minnows are headed for the unknown if the current arrangement which tilts matters in favour of CCM continues.
	When meeting a visiting group of Finish parliamentarians in Dodoma, the opposition complained to them that the government had gagged the media and in the process undermined fair play in the coverage of opposition parties which was the main link with the electorate.

Opposition Parties: Benefits and Challenges in Building Sustainable Democracy (4105 words)
	Limited attention has been paid to the conduct of the opposition political parties, particularly their role in forging “participatory governance.” The purpose of this paper is fourfold: to bring this issue to the forefront of our national debate, spur dialogue, transform the interface between the ruling and opposition parties, and help consolidate multiparty democracy.
	With the fading of the opposition parties from the political scene following the elections, it has become apparent that many of these parties evolved around the personalities of the individuals that were their presidential candidates, and limited or no efforts are being made to enact internal democracy.
	Partisan opposition parties, if functional, have the capacity to serve as the outlets through which citizens who feel unrepresented and underserved by the ruling government are empowered to give voice to their political aspirations and expectations.

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