CD and DVD recorders for authoring optical discs such as CD-ROMs and DVDs have a history of various technologies. These are usually proprietary and often not backwards-compatible. In computing, optical disc authoring, including CD authoring and DVD authoring, known often as burning, is the process of recording source material—video, audio or other data—onto an optical disc (compact disc or DVD). ... In computing, sound reproduction, and video, an optical disc is flat, circular, usually polycarbonate disc whereon data is stored. ... It has been suggested that ISO image be merged into this article or section. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with DVD burner. ... Optical disc authoring software is computer software for authoring optical discs including CD-ROMs and DVDs. ... In optical disc authoring, there are multiple modes for recording: Dics At Once and Track At Once. ... Packet writing is a technique used to allow writeable CD-ROM and DVD-ROM media to be used in a similar manner to a floppy disk. ... Interference colors. ... The CD-ROM (an abbreviation for Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (ROM)) is a non-volatile optical data storage medium using the same physical format as audio compact discs, readable by a computer with a CD-ROM drive. ... A CD-R (Compact Disc-Recordable) is variation of the Compact Disc digital audio disc invented by Philips and Sony. ... Compact Disc ReWritable (CD-RW) is a rewritable optical disc format. ... DVD-R writing/reading side DVD-R with purple dye, 4. ... A DVD+R disc The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... A DVD+R disc A DVD+R is a writable optical disc with 4. ... DVD+R DL (Double Layer), also known as DVD+R9, is a derivative of the DVD+R format created by the DVD+RW Alliance. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... A spindle with discs of the DVD+RW format A DVD+RW is a rewritable optical disc with equal storage capacity to a DVD+R, typically 4. ... You can recognize a DVD-RAM immediately because visually there are lots of little rectangles distributed on the surface of the data carrier. ... The Rainbow Books are a collection of standards defining the allowed formats of compact discs. ... ISO 9660, a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization, defines a file system for CD-ROM media. ... Joliet is the name of an extension to the ISO 9660 file system. ... The Rock Ridge Interchange Protocol (RRIP, IEEE P1282) is an extension to the ISO 9660 volume format which adds POSIX file system semantics. ... What is the El Torito CD-ROM specification? El Torito is a specification published in 1994 by Phoenix Technologies and IBM that extends the ISO 9660 specification for CD-ROM drives by further adding functionality to the ability to boot from a CD-ROM. In short, it allows a CD... For other meanings of UDF, see UDF (disambiguation). ... Mount Rainier is an expansion to the Universal Disk Format (UDF). ... A CD-R (Compact Disc-Recordable) is a thin (1. ... In computing, CD authoring or DVD authoring is the process of recording source material—video, audio or other data—onto a compact disc or DVD in a particular format. ... In computing, sound reproduction, and video, an optical disc is flat, circular, usually polycarbonate disc whereon data is stored. ... The CD-ROM (an abbreviation for Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (ROM)) is a non-volatile optical data storage medium using the same physical format as audio compact discs, readable by a computer with a CD-ROM drive. ... DVD-R writing/reading side DVD-R with purple dye, 4. ...

Recording modes

Main articles: Optical disc recording modes, and [[]], and [[]], and [[]], and [[]]

Optical discs can be recorded in Disc At Once or Track At Once modes. In optical disc authoring, there are multiple modes for recording: Dics At Once and Track At Once. ...

Overburning

Overburning is the process of recording data past the normal size limit.

Many disc manufacturers extend a recordable disc to leave a small margin of extra groove at the outer edge. This lead-out was originally intended to provide tolerance for the read head of an audio CD player should it overseek, by providing a padding of up to 90 seconds of silent digital audio.

Recording onto the lead-out is possible with some combinations of CD recorder and authoring software. The actual amount of data that it will hold depends ultimately on the recordable media and varies somewhat between brands of disc, with some being up to 10% of the total disc capacity. A CD-R (Compact Disc-Recordable) is a thin (1. ... In computing, CD authoring or DVD authoring is the process of recording source material—video, audio or other data—onto a compact disc or DVD in a particular format. ...

Almost all CD-ROM drives are capable of reading from the lead-out. For this reason, software publishers have on occasion shipped their software on similarly oversized compact discs to reduce packaging costs. Oversized discs have also been used as a form of copy protection because it is more difficult to record copies of them. The CD-ROM (an abbreviation for Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (ROM)) is a non-volatile optical data storage medium using the same physical format as audio compact discs, readable by a computer with a CD-ROM drive. ... Copy prevention, also known as copy protection, is any technical measure designed to prevent duplication of information. ...

Buffer underrun protection

A buffer underrun occurs during recording if the recorder runs out of data in the buffer. Once the laser is on, it cannot stop and resume flawlessly; thus the pause necessitated by the underrun can cause the data on the disc to become invalid, and thus unusable. Since the buffer is generally being filled from a relatively slow source, such as a hard disk or another CD/DVD, a heavy CPU or memory load from other concurrent tasks can easily exhaust the capacity of a small buffer. Therefore, buffer underrun protection was implemented by various individual CD/DVD writer vendors. With this technique, the laser is indeed able to stop writing for any amount of time and resume when the buffer is full again. The gap between successive writes is extremely small. [1] In computing, buffer underrun is a state occurring when a buffer used to communicate between two devices or processes is fed with data at a lower speed than the data is being read from it. ... Buffer can have various meanings: In chemistry, the term buffer refers to a buffer solution used to stabilize the pH (acidity) of a liquid. ... Typical hard drives of the mid-1990s. ...

Another way to protect against the problem, when using rewritable media (CD-RW, DVD-RW, DVD-RAM), is to use the UDF file system, which organizes data in smaller "packets", referenced by a single, updated address table, which can therefore be written in shorter bursts. Compact Disc ReWritable (CD-RW) is a rewritable optical disc format. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... You can recognize a DVD-RAM immediately because visually there are lots of little rectangles distributed on the surface of the data carrier. ... For other meanings of UDF, see UDF (disambiguation). ... A packet is the fundamental unit of information carriage in all modern computer networks that use packet switching. ...

Packet writing

Main articles: Packet writing, and [[]], and [[]], and [[]], and [[]]

Packet writing is a technology that allows optical discs to be used in a similar manner to a floppy disk. Packet writing can be used both with once-writeable media and rewriteable media. Several competing and incompatible packet writing disk formats have been developed, including DirectCD and InCD. Proposed standards include Universal Disk Format and its proposed extension Mount Rainier. Packet writing is a technique used to allow writeable CD-ROM and DVD-ROM media to be used in a similar manner to a floppy disk. ... A floppy disk is a data storage device that is composed of a ring of thin, flexible (i. ... DirectCD is packet writing software, originally from Adaptec and now supported by Roxio. ... InCD is packet writing software by Nero AG for Microsoft Windows. ... For other meanings of UDF, see UDF (disambiguation). ... Mount Rainier is an expansion to the Universal Disk Format (UDF). ...

Specific proprietary technologies

BurnProof

BurnProof is a proprietary technology for buffer underrun protection developed by Plextor. The brand Plextor is best known for its CD and DVD writers. ...

SafeBurn

SafeBurn is a proprietary technology for buffer underrun protection developed by Yamaha Corporation. The Yamaha Corporation (ヤマハ株式会社) TYO: 7951 is a Japanese company with a large number of product areas. ...

Power Burn

Power Burn is a proprietary technology for buffer underrun protection track write error protection. Features:

• Buffer underrun protection: when a buffer under-run occurs, the drive suspends writing. The drive memorizes the end writing point and timing, and immediately resumes writing from the exact point when sufficient data is filled in the buffer memory.

• Protection from write errors caused by shock and vibration: PowerBurn's Shock Proof technology pauses writing when the device is moved, and resumes after the drive becomes stable. This allows it to work in a mobile environment.

• Optimization of write conditions:

The drive detects characteristic of each individual media and optimizes all key writing condition such as writing speed, laser power and write strategy.

JustSpeed

JustSpeed is technology that automatically adapts the write speed to the medium inserted. It is supported by Nero Burning ROM version 6. Nero Burning ROM is a popular CD and DVD authoring program for Microsoft Windows and Linux by Nero AG, formerly Ahead Software. ...

LightScribe

Main articles: LightScribe, and [[]], and [[]], and [[]], and [[]]

LightScribe is a technology for drives and media that allows labels to be etched onto the disc by the recorder. LightScribe is an optical disc recording technology that utilizes specially coated recordable CD and DVD media to produce laser-etched labels. ...

External links

• Understanding CD-R & CD-RW