NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Orange, Vaucluse

Orange (Provençal Occitan: Aurenja in classical norm or Aurenjo in Mistralian norm) is a town and commune in the département of Vaucluse, in the south of France. It has a population of 27,989 people (1999), with a primarily agricultural economy. It is located at 44°08N 4°48E, about 21 km north of Avignon. It is the warmest city in France, if the average temperature is considered. ProvenÃ§al (ProuvenÃ§au in ProvenÃ§al language) is one of several dialects of the Romance language Occitan, which is spoken by a minority of people in southern France and other areas of France. ... Occitan, or langue doc is a Romance language characterized by its richness, variability, and by the intelligibility of its dialects. ... The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. ... The dÃ©partements (or departments) are administrative units of France and many former French colonies, roughly analogous to English counties. ... The Vaucluse is a dÃ©partement in the southeast of France. ... City flag City coat of arms Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country France RÃ©gion Provence-Alpes-CÃ´te dAzur DÃ©partement Vaucluse (prÃ©fecture) Arrondissement Avignon Canton Chief town of 4 cantons Intercommunality CommunautÃ© dagglomÃ©ration du Grand Avignon Mayor Marie-JosÃ©e Roig...

Sights

The town is renowned for its Roman architecture; it possesses the best preserved Roman theatre in Europe, as well as a particularly fine triumphal arch, both built during the reign of Augustus. The arch, theatre and surroundings were listed in 1981 by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (480x640, 191 KB) Photo by Asiir 16:50, 13 February 2007 (UTC) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (480x640, 191 KB) Photo by Asiir 16:50, 13 February 2007 (UTC) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The Colosseum in Rome, Italy. ... Categories: Ancient Roman architecture | Theatre | Historical stubs ... World map exhibiting the location of Europe. ... Arc de Triomphe, Paris A triumphal arch is a structure in the shape of a monumental archway, usually built to celebrate a victory in war. ... The famous statue of Octavian at the Prima Porta Caesar Augustus (Latin:IMPÂ·CAESARÂ·DIVIÂ·FÂ·AVGVSTVS) Â¹ (23 September 63 BCâ€“19 August AD 14), known to modern historians as Octavian for the period of his life prior to 27 BC, is considered the first and one of the most... 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... UNESCO logo UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945. ... A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 State...

History

Roman Orange was founded in 35 BC by veterans of the Second Gallica Roman legion as Arausio (after the local Celtic water god), or Colonia Julia Firma Secundanorum Arausio in full, "the Julian colony of Arausio established by the soldiers of the second legion". Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC - 30s BC - 20s BC 10s BC 0s 10s 20s Years: 40 BC 39 BC 38 BC 37 BC 36 BC 35 BC 34 BC 33 BC 32 BC 31 BC... The Roman legion (from Latin , from lego, legere, legi, lectus â€” to collect) is a term that can apply both as a transliteration of legio (conscription or army) to the entire Roman army and also, more narrowly (and more commonly), to the heavy infantry that was the basic military unit of... A Celtic cross. ... Julius (fem. ...

A previous Celtic settlement with that name existed in the same place and a major battle, which is generally known as the Battle of Arausio, had been fought in 105 BC between two Roman armies and the Cimbri and Teutoni tribes. Combatants Cimbri and Teutones Roman Republic Commanders Kings Boiorix and Teutobod Quintus Servilius Caepio and Gnaeus Mallius Maximusâ€ Strength about 200,000 80,000 troops in 10-12 legions with up to 40,000 auxiliaries and camp followers Casualties Unknown, perhaps several thousand An estimated 112,000 The Battle of... Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 150s BC 140s BC 130s BC 120s BC 110s BC - 100s BC - 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC Years: 110 BC 109 BC 108 BC 107 BC 106 BC - 105 BC - 104 BC 103 BC... See also Roman Republic (18th century) and Roman Republic (19th century). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Cimbrian War. ... This entry is about the Teutonic people, not to be confused with the Teutonic Knights. ...

Arausio covered an area of some 170 acres (690,000 m²) and was well endowed with civic monuments—as well as the theatre and arch, it had a monumental temple complex and a forum. It was the capital of a wide area of northern Provence, which was parcelled up into lots for the Roman colonists. The Forum of Jerash, in Jordan. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Provence-Alpes-CÃ´te dAzur. ...

The town prospered, though it was sacked by the Visigoths in 412. It became a bishopric in the 4th century, and the hill fort of the Celtic Cavares was renamed for Saint Eutrope, the first bishop of Saintes. Christian Orange hosted two synods, in 441 and 529. The latter was of importance in condemning the Pelagian heresy. The sovereign Carolingian counts of Orange had their origin in the 8th century, and passed into the family of the lords of Baux. Migrations The Visigoths were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East Germanic tribe (the Ostrogoths being the other). ... Events The Visigoths move into Gaul, led by Alarics brother Ataulf. ... In some Christian churches, the diocese is an administrative territorial unit governed by a bishop, sometimes also referred to as a bishopric or episcopal see, though more often the term episcopal see means the office held by the bishop. ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 4th century was that century which lasted from 301 to 400. ... A hill fort is a fortified refuge or defended settlement, located to exploit a rise in elevation for military advantage. ... Saintes is a town and commune in France, in the Charente-Maritime dÃ©partement, of which it is a sous-prÃ©fecture. ... A synod (also known as a council) is a council of a church, usually a Christian church, convened to decide an issue of doctrine, administration or application. ... Events The Huns invade the Balkans. ... For other uses, see number 529. ... Pelagianism is a belief that original sin did not taint human nature (which, being created from God, was divine), and that mortal will is still capable of choosing good or evil with no Divine aid whatesoever. ... List of Lords: Pons the Young c. ...

The Baux counts of Orange became fully independent with the breakup of the Kingdom of Arles after 1033. From the 12th century, Orange was raised to a minor principality, as a fief of the Holy Roman Empire. When William I "the Silent", count of Nassau, with estates in the Netherlands, inherited the title Prince of Orange in 1544, the Principality was incorporated into the holdings of what became the House of Orange. This pitched it into the Protestant side in the Wars of Religion, during which the town was badly damaged. In 1568 the Eighty Years' War began with William as stadtholder leading the bid for independence from Spain. William the Silent was assassinated in Delft in 1584. It was his son, Maurice of Nassau (Prince of Orange after his elder brother died in 1618), with the help of Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, who solidified the independence of the Dutch republic. The United Provinces survived to become the Netherlands, which is still ruled by the House of Orange-Nassau. William, Prince of Orange, ruled England as William III of England. Orange gave its name to other Dutch-influenced parts of the world, such as the Orange Free State in South Africa. Coordinates Administration Country France Region Provence-Alpes-CÃ´te dAzur Department Bouches-du-RhÃ´ne (Subprefecture) Arrondissement Arles Canton Chief town of 2 cantons: Arles-Est and Arles-Ouest Intercommunality Agglomeration community of Arles-Crau-Camargue-Montagnette Mayor HervÃ© Schiavetti (PS) (2001-2008) Statistics Altitude 0 mâ€“57 m... Events Benedict IX becomes pope. ... (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. ... Under the system of feudalism, a fiefdom, fief, feud or fee, consisted of heritable lands or revenue-producing property granted by a liege lord in return for a vassal knights service (usually fealty, military service, and security). ... The double-headed eagle A portrait of Charlemagne wearing the crown of the Holy Roman Empire (15th century painting by Albrecht DÃ¼rer) The Holy Roman Empire was a mainly Germanic conglomeration of lands in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the early modern period. ... William I (William the Silent) William I of Orange-Nassau (April 24, 1533 â€“ July 10, 1584), also widely known as William the Silent [Dutch: Willem de Zwijger], was born in the House of Nassau, and became Prince of Orange in 1544. ... For other uses, see Nassau (disambiguation). ... Events April 11 - Battle of Ceresole - French forces under the Comte dEnghien defeat Imperial forces under the Marques Del Vasto near Turin. ... The Principality of Orange The title originally referred to the sovereign principality of Orange in southern France, which was a property of the House of Orange (from 1702 Orange-Nassau). ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... The French Wars of Religion were a series of conflicts fought between the Catholic League and the Huguenots from the middle of the sixteenth century to the Edict of Nantes in 1598. ... Events March 23 - Peace of Longjumeau ends the Second War of Religion in France. ... Combatants Dutch rebels Spanish Empire The Eighty Years War, or Dutch Revolt (1566[1]â€“1648), was the revolt of the Seventeen Provinces in the Netherlands against the Spanish (Habsburg) empire. ... A stadtholder (Dutch: stadhouder meaning place holder, a Germanic parallel to Latin locum tenens or French lieutenant), means an official who is appointed by the legal ruling Monarch to represent him in a country, and may have a mandate to govern it in his name, in the latter case roughly... Country Netherlands Province South Holland Coordinates Area 24. ... 1584 was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Maurice of Nassau (in Dutch Maurits van Nassau) (14 November 1567–23 April 1625), Prince of Orange (1618–1625), son of William the Silent and Princess Anna of Saxony, was born at the castle of Dillenburg. ... Events March 8 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion (he soon rejects the idea after some initial calculations were made but on May 15 confirms the discovery). ... Johan van Oldenbarnevelt (September 14, 1547 â€“ May 13, 1619) was a Dutch statesman, who played an important role in the Dutch struggle for independence from Spain. ... Map of Dutch Republic by Joannes Janssonius United Netherlands redirects here. ... The House of Orange-Nassau (in Dutch: Huis van Oranje-Nassau), a branch of the House of Nassau, has played a central role in the political life of the Netherlands since William I of Orange (also known as William the Silent and Father of the Fatherland) organized the Dutch revolt... William III of England (The Hague,14 November 1650 â€“ Hampton Court, 8 March 1702; also known as William II of Scotland and William III of Orange) was a Dutch aristocrat and a Protestant Prince of Orange from his birth, Stadtholder of the United Netherlands from 28 June 1672, King of... Flag of the Orange Free State Capital Bloemfontein Language(s) Afrikaans, English Religion Dutch Reformed Church Government Republic President - 1854 - 1855 Josias P. Hoffman - 1855 - 1859 Jacobus Nicolaas Boshoff - 1859 - 1863 Marthinus Wessel Pretorius (also President of the South African Republic from 1857 to 1871). ...

The city was part of scattered Nassau holdings until it was captured by the forces of Louis XIV in 1672 during the Franco-Dutch War and was finally ceded to France in 1713 under the Treaty of Utrecht that ended the wars of Louis XIV. Following the French Revolution of 1789, Orange was absorbed into the French département of Drôme, then Bouches-du-Rhône, then finally Vaucluse. However, the title remained with the Dutch Princes of Orange. Sun King redirects here. ... Events England, France, Munster and Cologne invade the United Provinces, therefore this name is know as Â´het rampjaarÂ´ (the disaster year) in the Netherlands. ... The Dutch War (1672â€“1678) was a war fought between France and a quadruple alliance consisting of Brandenburg, the Holy Roman Empire, Spain, and the United Provinces. ... // Events April 11 - War of the Spanish Succession: Treaty of Utrecht June 23 - French residents of Acadia given one year to declare allegiance to Britain or leave Nova Scotia Canada first Orrery built by George Graham Ongoing events Great Northern War (1700-1721) War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713... The Treaties of Utrecht (April 11, 1713) were signed in Utrecht, a city of the United Provinces. ... i heart kate young The French Revolution was a period of major political and social change in the political history of France and Europe as a whole, during which the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudal privileges for the aristocracy and Catholic clergy, underwent radical change to... 1789 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... DrÃ´me is a dÃ©partement in southeastern France named after the DrÃ´me River. ... Bouches-du-RhÃ´ne is a dÃ©partement in the south of France named after the mouth of the RhÃ´ne River. ... The Vaucluse is a dÃ©partement in the southeast of France. ...

Orange attracted international attention in the 1990s, when it elected a member of the extreme right-wing Front National as its mayor. It is still run by the FN, which regards it as its flagship. For the band, see 1990s (band). ... This article is about the French political party, not the WWII French resistance movement Front national. ...

Orange is also home to the French Foreign Legion's armored 1er REC or First Foreign Cavalry Regiment. Legionnaire (film) The French Foreign Legion (French: LÃ©gion Ã©trangÃ¨re) is a unique elite unit within the French Army established in 1831. ...

Culture and art

In 1869 the Roman theatre, the Théâtre antique d'Orange, was restored and has been the site of a music festival. The festival, given the name Chorégies d'Orange in 1902 has existed annually ever since, and is now famous as an international opera festival. 1869 (MDCCCLXIX) is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... ThÃ©Ã¢tre dOrange ThÃ©Ã¢tre dOrange The ThÃ©Ã¢tre antique dOrange is an ancient Roman theatre, built early in the 1st Century A.D. and located in Orange in Southern France. ... Roman theatre at Orange, France The ChorÃ©gies dOrange is a summer opera festival held each year in August in Orange located about seventy miles northwest of Marseille in southern France. ... 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Teatro alla Scala in Milan. ...

In 1971 the “New Chorégies” were started and became an overnight, international success. Many top international opera singers have performed in the theatre : Barbara Hendrix, Placido Domingo, Montserrat Caballé, … Great operas such as Tosca, Aida and Carmen have been staged here, all with spectacular sets. 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1971 calendar). ... Plácido Domingo (born January 21, 1941) is a world-renowned opera singer, conductor, and general manager. ... Montserrat CaballÃ© Maria de Montserrat Viviana ConcepciÃ³n CaballÃ© i Folc, better known as Montserrat CaballÃ© (born April 12, 1933), is a Catalan Spanish operatic soprano renowned for her bel canto technique and her interpretations of the roles of Rossini, Bellini, and Donizetti. ... Original poster Tosca is an opera in three acts by Giacomo Puccini to an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa, based on Victorien Sardous drama, La Tosca. ... // Introduction This article is about the marketing term, AIDA. For other uses of the term, see Aida (disambiguation). ... Poster from the 1875 premiere of Carmen Carmen is a French opera by Georges Bizet. ...

The Musée displays the biggest (7,56 m width, 5,90 m height) cadastral Roman maps ever recovered, etched on marble. They cover the area between Orange, Nimes and Montelimar. Cadastre (a French word from the Late Latin capitastrum, a register of the poll-tax) is a register of the real property of a country, with details of the area, the owners and the value. ... Nîmes is a city and commune of southern France, préfecture (capital) of the Gard département. ... Montélimar is a commune of southern France, in the Drôme département. ...

Twin towns

Breda is a municipality and a city in the southern part of the Netherlands. ... Diest is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant. ... Dillenburg (population ca 25,000) is a city and a castle in the German district of Lahn-Dill, in the federal state of Hessen. ... The ruins of the Crusader castle in Byblos. ... Coat of Arms Saint Dominican Church JarosÅ‚aw is a town in south-eastern Poland, with 40,523 inhabitants (2004). ... Kielce ( ) is a city in central Poland with 202,609 inhabitants (2006). ... Map of Germany showing Rastatt Rastatt is a city in the District of Rastatt, Baden-WÃ¼rttemberg, Germany. ... Spoleto (Latin: Spoletium), 42Â°44â€² N 12Â°44â€² E, an ancient town in the Italian province of Perugia in east central Umbria, at 385 meters (1391 ft) above sea-level on a foothill of the Apennines. ... Location of VyÅ¡kov in the Czech Republic VyÅ¡kov is a city in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. ... Dongfeng Street in Downtown Weifang Weifang (æ½åŠ; Pinyin: WÃ©ifÄng) is an important city in central Shandong province, China. ...

External links

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Wikimedia Commons logo by Reid Beels The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ...

title="Special:Categories">Categories: Archaeological sites in France | Roman towns and cities in Provence | Communes of Vaucluse | World Heritage Sites in France Image File history File links Flag_of_France. ... Elabana Falls is in Lamington National Park, part of the Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves World Heritage site in Queensland, Australia. ... Saint Savin, also referred to as Saint-Savin sur Gartempe, is a commune of the Vienne département, in the former province of Poitou, France. ... The cathedral in Amiens Close-up of a stained glass window The Cathedral of Our Lady of Amiens (French: CathÃ©drale Notre-Dame dAmiens), or just Amiens Cathedral, is the tallest complete cathedral in France with the greatest interior volume, estimated at 200,000 mÂ³. The vaults of the... Coordinates Administration Country France Region Provence-Alpes-CÃ´te dAzur Department Bouches-du-RhÃ´ne (Subprefecture) Arrondissement Arles Canton Chief town of 2 cantons: Arles-Est and Arles-Ouest Intercommunality Agglomeration community of Arles-Crau-Camargue-Montagnette Mayor HervÃ© Schiavetti (PS) (2001-2008) Statistics Altitude 0 mâ€“57 m... City flag City coat of arms Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country France RÃ©gion Provence-Alpes-CÃ´te dAzur DÃ©partement Vaucluse (prÃ©fecture) Arrondissement Avignon Canton Chief town of 4 cantons Intercommunality CommunautÃ© dagglomÃ©ration du Grand Avignon Mayor Marie-JosÃ©e Roig... Bruges Antwerp Ypres Ghent Mons Tournai Boulogne-sur-Mer Abbeville Fifty-six Belfries of Belgium and France are collectively designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site, in recognition of an architectural phenomenon that arose during the emergence of the historic Flanders and neighboring regions from feudalism. ... Bourges Cathedral Floorplan of the cathedral The CathÃ©drale Saint-Ã‰tienne de Bourges is a cathedral located in Bourges, France. ... The Canal du Midi, near Toulouse The Canal du Midi is a canal of great historic importance and remarkable beauty in the south (le midi) of France. ... Calanques de Piana Calanches de Piana are Corsican calanques located between Ajaccio and Calvi. ... (Territorial collectivity flag) (Territorial collectivity logo) Location Administration Capital Ajaccio President of the Executive Council Ange Santini (UMP) (since 2004) Departments Corse-du-Sud Haute-Corse Arrondissements 5 Cantons 52 Communes 360 Statistics Land area1 8,680 kmÂ² Population (Ranked 25th) - January 1, 2006 est. ... The Scandola Nature Reserve (19. ... Cathars being expelled from Carcassonne in 1209 Carcassonne (Carcassona in Occitan) is a fortified French town, in the Aude dÃ©partement of which it is the prÃ©fecture, in the former province of Languedoc. ... FaÃ§ade of the Notre-Dame de Reims The Notre-Dame de Reims (Our Lady of Rheims) is the Cathedral of Reims, where the kings of France were once crowned. ... The Abbey of Saint-Remi is an abbey in Reims, France, founded in around AD 1000. ... The Palace of Tau in Reims. ... Cathedral of Chartres The Cathedral of Chartres (Cathedral of Our Lady of Chartres, French: CathÃ©drale Notre-Dame de Chartres), located in Chartres, about 50 miles (80 km) from Paris, is considered one of the finest examples in all France of the Gothic style of architecture. ... The church and convent building seen from the gardens. ... Abbey of Graville, Le Havre Le Havre is a city in Normandy, northern France, on the English Channel, at the mouth of the Seine. ... Loire Valley (French: VallÃ©e de la Loire) is known as the Garden of France and the Cradle of the French Language. ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: (Arpitan: Forward, forward, Lyon the best) Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country France Region RhÃ´ne-Alpes Department RhÃ´ne (69) Subdivisions 9 arrondissements Intercommunality Urban Community of Lyon Mayor GÃ©rard Collomb (PS) (since 2001) City Statistics Land area... Mont Saint-Michel: Sheep graze on the reclaimed prÃ©-salÃ© or salt meadow (2004). ... The central range of Fontainebleau: patterned parterres have been replaced with lawn. ... Location within France Fontainebleau is a commune in the metropolitan area of Paris, France. ... Hall of Mirrors redirects here. ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Paris Eiffel tower as seen from the esplanade du TrocadÃ©ro. ... The Place Stanislas, known colloquially as the place Stan, is a large pedestrianized square in Nancy, Lorraine, France. ... Pont du Gard, France The Pont du Gard is an aqueduct in the south of France constructed by the Roman Empire, and located near Remoulins, in the Gard dÃ©partement. ... VÃ©zÃ¨re is a 190 km long river in south-western France. ... Provins is a commune of France. ... Pyrenees National Park (French: Parc national des PyrÃ©nÃ©es) is a national park located within the French dÃ©partements of Hautes-PyrÃ©nÃ©es and PyrÃ©nÃ©es-Atlantiques. ... Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park is an IUCN Category II National Park situated in the Pyrenees of Huesca, AragÃ³n (Spain). ... In 1998, several sites in France were added to the UNESCO World Heritage Sites under the description: Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France. Below is a detailed list of these sites: PÃ©rigueux: cathedral Saint-Front - Aquitaine Saint-Avit-SÃ©nieur: church - Aquitaine Le Buisson-de-Cadouin: former abbaye... ThÃ©Ã¢tre dOrange ThÃ©Ã¢tre dOrange The ThÃ©Ã¢tre antique dOrange is an ancient Roman theatre, built early in the 1st Century A.D. and located in Orange in Southern France. ... The Saline Royale (Royal Saltworks) at Arc-et-Senans, in the forest of Chaux near BesanÃ§on, France is notable as an early Enlightenment architectural project to rationalize industrial buildings and processes according to a philosophical order. ... Saint Emilion Saint-Ã‰milion is a small town near Bordeaux, France that is famous for the eponymous wine region that surrounds it. ... City flag City coat of arms Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country France Region Alsace Department Bas-Rhin (67) Intercommunality Urban Community of Strasbourg Mayor Fabienne Keller (UMP) City Statistics Land areaÂ¹ 78. ... VÃ©zelay Abbey was a Benedictine and Cluniac monastery in VÃ©zelay in the Yonne dÃ©partement in Burgundy, France. ...

Encyclopedia > Orange, Vaucluse

Contents

Sights

History

Culture and art

Twin towns

External links