The Orchidoideae , or the orchidoid orchids, are a subfamily of the orchid family (Orchidaceae).

They typically contain the orchids with a single ( = monandrous), fertile anther which is erect and basitonic.( = producing no leaves below the inflorescence).

The subfamily Orchidoideae and the previously recognized subfamily Spiranthoideae are considered the closest allies in the natural group of the monandrous orchids because of

• a shared terrestrial habit
• sectile (= capable of being severed) pollinia
• erect anthers.

The Orchidoideae contain two subclades with the following tribes :

• tribes Orchideae and Diseae
• tribes Cranichideae and Diurideae

The former subfamily Spiranthoideae is now embedded as tribe Cranichideae in the clade of the Orchideoideae. It is sister to the tribe Diurideae.

The tribe Orchideae consists of the following subtribes:

• Habenariinae
• Orchidinae

The tribe Diseae consists of the following subtribes:

• Disinae
• Satyriinae

The polyphyletic tribe Cranichideae consists of the following monophyletic subtribes :

• Cranichidinae
• Goodyerinae
• Pachyplectroninae
• Prescottiinae
• Spiranthinae

The tribe Diurideae consists of the following subtribes :

• Pterostylidinae (polyphyletic)
• Chloraeinae (polyphyletic)
• Acianthinae (monophyleric)
• Caladeniinae (polyphyletic)
• Cryptostylidinae (monophyletic)
• Diuridinae (monophyletic)
• Drakaeinae (monophyletic)
• Prasophyllinae (monophyletic)
• Thelymitrinae (monophyletic)