The founder, Philip the Good , with at least six other Members wearing collars, 1447-8

Philip III, Duke of Burgundy, with the collar of the Order

The Order of the Golden Fleece (Spanish: Orden del Toisón de Oro) is an order of chivalry founded in 1430 by Duke Philip III of Burgundy to celebrate his marriage to the Portuguese princess Isabel of Aviz. Image File history File links Van_der_weyden_miniature. ... Image File history File links Van_der_weyden_miniature. ... Philip III, Duke of Burgundy (Philip the Good or Philippe le Bon) (1396–1467) was Duke of Burgundy from 1419 until his death. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 419 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (706 × 1009 pixel, file size: 106 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Note the flints and steel (the personal emblem of Philip the Good, founder of the order) on the chain holding the dukes Order of the... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 419 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (706 × 1009 pixel, file size: 106 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Note the flints and steel (the personal emblem of Philip the Good, founder of the order) on the chain holding the dukes Order of the... Philip III, Duke of Burgundy (Philip the Good or Philippe le Bon) (1396–1467) was Duke of Burgundy from 1419 until his death. ... See also Orders of Chivalry in the British honours system After the failure of the crusades, the crusading military orders became idealized and romanticized, resulting in the late medieval notion of chivalry, as reflected in the Arthurian romances of the time. ... // Events May 23 - Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne The Ottoman Empire captures Thessalonica from the Venetians First use of optical methods in the creation of Art A map of Europe in 1430. ... Philip III, Duke of Burgundy (Philip the Good or Philippe le Bon) (1396–1467) was Duke of Burgundy from 1419 until his death. ... Coat of arms of the second Duchy of Burgundy and later of the French province of Burgundy Burgundy (French: ; German: ) is a historic region of France, inhabited in turn by Celts (Gauls), Romans (Gallo-Romans), and various Germanic peoples, most importantly the Burgundians and the Franks; the former gave their... Isabella of Portugal (or Isabel in Portuguese, pron. ...

Origin

It was modelled on the English Order of the Garter (Philip had been elected to membership of the Garter in 1422, but had declined to avoid offending the king of France), but dedicated to Saint Andrew. Like the Garter it was restricted to a limited number of knights, initially 24 but increased to 30 in 1433 and 50 in 1516—plus the sovereign. It received further privileges unusual to any order of knighthood: the sovereign undertook to consult the order before going to war; all disputes between the knights were to be settled by the order; at each chapter the deeds of each knight were held in review, and punishments and admonitions were dealt out to offenders, and to this the sovereign was expressly subject; the knights could claim as of right to be tried by their fellows on charges of rebellion, heresy and treason, and Charles V conferred on the order exclusive jurisdiction over all crimes committed by the knights; the arrest of the offender had to be by warrant signed by at least six knights, and during the process of charge and trial he remained not in prison but in the gentle custody of his fellow knights. The order was explicitly denied to "heretics", and so became an exclusively Catholic award during the Reformation, though the choice of the pagan Golden Fleece of Colchis as the symbol of a Christian order caused some controversy. For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... The insignia of a knight of the Order of the Garter. ... Events January 10 - Battle of Nemecky Brod during the Hussite Wars. ... Charles VII the Victorious, a. ... Saint Andrew (Greek: Ανδρέας, Andreas), called in the Orthodox tradition Protocletos, or the First-called, is a Christian Apostle and the younger brother of Saint Peter. ... The silver Anglia knight, commissioned as a trophy in 1850, intended to represent the Black Prince. ... Year 1433 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... // Events March - With the death of Ferdinand II of Aragon, his grandson Charles of Ghent becomes King of Spain as Carlos I. July - Selim I of the Ottoman Empire declares war on the Mameluks and invades Syria. ... The Protestant Reformation was a movement which began in the 16th century as a series of attempts to reform the Roman Catholic Church, but ended in division and the establishment of new institutions, most importantly Lutheranism, Reformed churches, and Anabaptists. ... Jason returns with the golden Fleece on an Apulian red-figure calyx krater, ca. ... In ancient geography, Colchis (sometimes spelled also as Kolchis) (Greek: Κολχίς, kŏl´kĬs; Georgian: კოლხეთი, Kolkheti) was a nearly triangular district in Caucasus. ...

The badge of the Order, in the form of a sheepskin, was suspended from a jewelled collar of firesteels in the shape of the letter B, for Burgundy, linked by flints; with the motto "Pretium Laborum Non Vile" ("Not a bad reward for labour") engraved on the front of the central link, and Philip's motto "Non Aliud" ("I will have no other") on the back (non-royal knights of the Golden Fleece were forbidden to belong to any other order of knighthood). Sir Thomas More wearing the Collar of Esses as Lord Chancellor, by Hans Holbein the Younger (1527). ...

With the absorption of the Burgundian lands into the Habsburg empire, the sovereignty of the Order passed to the Habsburg kings of Spain, where it remained until the death of the last of the Spanish Habsburgs, Charles II, in 1700. He was succeeded by Philip of Anjou, a Bourbon. There followed a dispute between the Houses of Habsburg and Bourbon over sovereignty, which resulted in the division of the Order into Spanish and Austrian branches. In either case the sovereign, as Duke of Burgundy, writes the letter of appointment in French. Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy; also used as the flag of the Austrian Empire until the Ausgleich of 1867. ... Charles II of Spain. ... Events January 1 - Russia accepts Julian calendar. ... King Philip V of Spain (December 19, 1683 – July 9, 1746) or Philippe of Anjou was king of Spain from 1700 to 1746, the first of the Bourbon dynasty in Spain. ... Also see:  Early Modern France The House of Bourbon is an important European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. ...

The Spanish Order

The Duke of Wellington wearing the Spanish Fleece

Ferdinand I, Emperor of Austria

The Spanish Order of the Fleece has been a source of controversy in the past, particularly during the Napoleonic period. The award of the Order to Napoleon and his brother Joseph angered the exiled king of France Louis XVIII and caused him to return his collar in protest. These, and other awards by Joseph, were revoked by king Ferdinand on the restoration of Bourbon rule in 1813. Duke of Wellington (small) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Duke of Wellington (small) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1702x2180, 946 KB) old Painting of the meperor File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Order of the Golden Fleece ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1702x2180, 946 KB) old Painting of the meperor File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Order of the Golden Fleece ... Combatants Kingdom of Spain, United Kingdom, Kingdom of Portugal French Empire The Peninsular War or Spanish War of Independence (Guerra de la Independencia Española) was a war in the Iberian Peninsula. ... For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation). ... Joseph Bonaparte Joseph Napoleon Bonaparte, King of Naples, King of Spain (January 7, 1768 – July 28, 1844) was the older brother of French Emperor Napoleon I, who made him King of Naples and Sicily (1806–1808) and later King of Spain. ... Louis XVIII (November 17, 1755 - September 16, 1824) was King of France and Navarre from 1814 (although he declared that he considered his reign to have begun in 1795) until his death in 1824, with a brief break in 1815 due to Napoleons return in the Hundred Days. ... Ferdinand VII (October 14, 1784 - September 29, 1833) was King of Spain from 1813 to 1833. ... Year 1813 (MDCCCXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar). ...

In 1812 the acting government of Spain illegally awarded the order to the Duke of Wellington, an act confirmed by Ferdinand on his resumption of power, with the approval of the pope. Wellington therefore became the first Protestant to be awarded the Fleece. It has subsequently also been awarded to non-Christians, like Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand. For the overture by Tchaikovsky, see 1812 Overture; For the wars, see War of 1812 (USA - United Kingdom) or Patriotic War of 1812 (France - Russia) For the Siberia Airlines plane crashed over the Black Sea on October 4, 2001, see Siberia Airlines Flight 1812 1812 was a leap year starting... Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, KG, GCB, GCH, PC, FRS (c. ... Pope Pius VII, OSB (August 14, 1742—August 20, 1823), born Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from March 14, 1800 to August 20, 1823. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... Bhumibol Adulyadej (Thai: ; IPA: ; Royal Institute: Phumiphon Adunyadet;  ) (born December 5, 1927), is the current King of Thailand. ...

There was another crisis in 1833 when Isabella II became Queen of Spain in defiance of Salic Law. Her right to award the Fleece was challenged by Carlists and the prestige of the Order inevitably suffered due to the political controversies of the period. Year 1833 (MDCCCXXXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Isabella II (October 10, 1830 – April 10, 1904), Isabel II in Spanish, was Queen regnant of Spain (Queen of the Spains officially from August 13, 1836, Isabella II the queen of Castile, Leon, Aragon,...) She was born in Madrid, and was the eldest daughter of Ferdinand VII, king of Spain... The King of the Franks, in the midst of the military chiefs who formed his Treuste -- or armed court, dictates the Salic Law (Code of the Barbaric Laws). ... Carlism restored the cross of Burgundy assimilated by the Spanish Bourbons throught the Spanish Habsburgs and used as flag of the Spanish empire. ...

Sovereignty remained with the head of the Spanish house of Bourbon during the republican (1931-39) and Francoist (1939-1975) periods and is held today by the present king of Spain, Juan Carlos. Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... King Juan Carlos I His Majesty King Juan Carlos I (Juan Carlos Alfonso Víctor María de Borbón y Borbón), styled HM The King (born January 5, 1938), is the reigning King of Spain. ...

Members of the Order

• Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (b. 1938)
• Carlos, Duke of Calabria (b. 1938)
• Constantine II of Greece (b. 1940)
• Felipe, Prince of Asturias (b. 1968)
• Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (b. 1946)
• Jean, Prince of Luxemborug (b. 1921) Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1964-2000)
• Akihito, Emperor of Japan (b. 1933)
• Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (b. 1938)
• Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (b. 1940)
• Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (b. 1926)
• Albert II, King of the Belgians (b. 1934)
• Harald V, King of Norway (b. 1937)
• Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha^[1] (b. 1937) Tsar of Bulgaria (1943-1946) and Prime Minister of Bulgaria (2001-2005)
• Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (b. 1927)
• Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg^[2] (b. 1955)
• Adolfo Suarez^[3] (b.1932)
• Abdullah, King of Saudi Arabia. Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques^[4] (b. 1924)

Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (baptized as Juan Carlos Alfonso Víctor María de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias) was born on January 5, 1938 in Rome and is the reigning King (Rey de España) and head of state of Spain. ... Infante Don Carlos of Spain, Prince of the Two Sicilies, Duke of Calabria (Carlos Maria Alfonso Marcel de Borbon-Dos Sicilias y de Borbon-Parma) (born January 16, 1938 in Lausanne) is the son of Don Alfonso of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Duke of Calabria (1901-1964) and Princess Alice of... Constantine of Greece, formerly Constantine II, King of the Hellenes (born June 2, 1940) was King of Greece from 1964 until the abolition of the monarchy in 1974. ... Don Felipe, Prince of Asturias (Felipe Juan Pablo Alfonso de Todos los Santos de Borbón y de Grecia) born January 30, 1968), is the third child of King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofía of Spain. ... Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (Carl Gustaf Folke Hubertus; born 30 April 1946) is the current Swedish monarch and head of state of the Kingdom of Sweden. ... Jean I, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (Jean Benoit Guillaume Robert Antoine Louis Marie Adolphe Marc dAviano) (born January 5, 1921) ruled Luxembourg from 1964 to 2000. ... Luxembourg is a constitutional monarchy whose Head of State is the Grand Duke of Luxembourg (or Grand Duchess of Luxembourg in the exceptional but twice occurred event of the sovereign being female). ... Akihito () (born December 23, 1933) is the current Emperor ) of Japan, the 125th sovereign to hold that title, according to the traditional order of succession. ... Beatrix (born January 31, 1938 as Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard, Princess of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld) has been the queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands since April 30, 1980. ... Margrethe II (Margrethe Alexandrine Þórhildur Ingrid) (born 16 April 1940) is the Queen regnant of Denmark. ... Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor; born 21 April 1926) is Queen of sixteen sovereign states, holding each crown and title equally. ... Albert II, King of the Belgians (Albert Félix Humbert Théodore Chrétien Eugène Marie), (born June 6, 1934), is the current King of the Belgians and a constitutional monarch. ... Harald V, King of Norway (born February 21, 1937) is the monarch of Norway. ... Simeon of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (born June 16, 1937) was head of state as the Tsar of Bulgaria, Tsar Simeon II, from 1943 to 1946. ... This is a list of Bulgarian monarchs from the earliest records in the Nominalia of the Bulgarian khans to 1946, when the monarchy in the country was abolished. ... Bhumibol Adulyadej (Thai: ; IPA: ; Royal Institute: Phumiphon Adunyadet;  ) (born December 5, 1927), is the current King of Thailand. ... Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (Henri Albért Gabriel Félix Marie Guillaume), the head of state of Luxembourg was born at Betzdorf Castle in Luxembourg 16 April 1955, the eldest son of Grand Duke Jean of Luxembourg and Grand Duchess Joséphine-Charlotte (née Princess Joséphine-Charlotte... Adolfo Suárez González (September 25, Spanish politician and statesman. ... The custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud (Arabic: , born August 1, 1924) [2] is the King of Saudi Arabia. ... Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques is a title given to the King of Saudi Arabia. ...

Austrian Order

Neck Chain of a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece, shown in the Schatzkammer in Vienna, Austria.

Neck Chain of the Herald of the Order.

Prince Albert wearing the Spanish Fleece in 1842

José María Pemán receiving the Spanish Fleece in 1981

The Austrian Order did not suffer from the political difficulties of the Spanish, remaining an award solely for Catholic royals and nobles. The problem of female inheritance was avoided on the accession of Maria Theresa in 1740 as sovereignty of the Order passed not to herself but to her husband, Francis. Download high resolution version (760x782, 203 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (760x782, 203 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Schatzkammer in German translates as Treasury (Chamber/Vault). ... “Wien” redirects here. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 454 pixelsFull resolution (2221 × 1260 pixel, file size: 475 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Insignia of the herald of the Order of the Golden Fleece Copyright © 2005 David Monniaux File historyClick on a date/time to view the file... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 454 pixelsFull resolution (2221 × 1260 pixel, file size: 475 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Insignia of the herald of the Order of the Golden Fleece Copyright © 2005 David Monniaux File historyClick on a date/time to view the file... Heralds, wearing tabards, in procession to St. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (707x992, 58 KB) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (707x992, 58 KB) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 471 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1126 × 1434 pixel, file size: 275 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) José María Pemán receiving the high honor Toisón de Oro from His Majesty Juan Carlos I File links The following pages on the... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 471 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1126 × 1434 pixel, file size: 275 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) José María Pemán receiving the high honor Toisón de Oro from His Majesty Juan Carlos I File links The following pages on the... José María Pemán receiving the Golden Fleece José María Pemán y Pemartín (May 8, 1897 - July 19, 1981) was a Spanish journalist, poet, novelist, essayist, and right-wing intellectual. ... Maria Theresa, Holy Roman Empress, Queen of Bohemia and Hungary, Archduchess of Austria, (German: , Hungarian: , Romanian: , Slovak: , Czech: ; May 13, 1717–November 29, 1780) was (reigning) Archduchess of Austria and Queen of Hungary and Bohemia. ... Events May 31 - Friedrich II comes to power in Prussia upon the death of his father, Friedrich Wilhelm I. October 20 - Maria Theresia of Austria inherits the Habsburg hereditary dominions (Austria, Bohemia, Hungary and present-day Belgium). ... Francis I Silver coin of Francis I, dated 1754. ...

Upon the collapse of the Austrian monarchy after the First World War, King Albert I of Belgium requested that the sovereignty and treasure of the Order be transferred to him as the ruler of the former Habsburg lands of Burgundy. This claim was seriously considered by the victorious allies at Versailles but was eventually rejected due to the intervention of King Alfonso XIII of Spain, who took possession of the property of the Order on behalf of the dethroned emperor, Karl of Austria. Sovereignty remains with the head of the house of Habsburg, but the present head, Otto von Habsburg, has transferred the sovereignty to his eldest son, Karl Habsburg-Lothringen. “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Albert I (April 8, 1875 – February 17, 1934) was the third King of the Belgians. ... Map of the World with the Participants in World War I. The Allies are depicted in green, the Central Powers in orange, and neutral countries in grey. ... Alfonso XIII (May 17, 1886 – February 28, 1941), King of Spain, posthumous son of Alfonso XII of Spain, was proclaimed King at his birth. ... Karl I, a. ... Otto, Crown Prince of Austria or Otto von Habsburg (born 20 November 1912 as Archduke Franz Joseph Otto Robert Maria Anton Karl Max Heinrich Sixtus Xaver Felix Renatus Ludwig Gaetan Pius Ignatius of Austria) is the current head of the Habsburg family and the eldest son of Karl of Austria... Archduke Karl of Austria (Karl Thomas Robert Maria Franziskus Georg Bahnam von Habsburg-Lothringen) Prince Imperial of Austria, Prince Royal of Hungary and Bohemia, (born January 11, 1961 at Starnberg, Bavaria, Germany) is the son of Otto von Habsburg and Princess Regina of Saxe-Meiningen and the grandson of the...

Members of the Order

• Otto, Archduke of Austria
• Felix, Archduke of Austria
• Karl Ludwig, Archduke of Austria
• Rudolph, Archduke of Austria
• Heinrich, Archduke of Austria
• Franz Salvator, Archduke of Austria, Prince of Tuscany (b. 1927)
• Joseph Arpád, Archduke of Austria (b. 1933)
• Franz, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1933)
• Ludwig, Prince of Bavaria (b. 1913)
• Karl, Archduke of Austria (b. 1961)
• Andreas Salvator, Archduke of Austria, Prince of Tuscany (b. 1936)
• Karl Salvator, Archduke of Austria, Prince of Tuscany (b. 1936)
• Lorenz, Archduke of Austria-Este, Prince of Belgium (b. 1955)
• Michael Koloman, Archduke of Austria (b. 1942)
• Michael Salvator, Archduke of Austria, Prince of Tuscany (b. 1949)
• Georg, Archduke of Austria (b. 1964.)
• Carl Christian, Archduke of Austria (b. 1954)
• Rasso, Prince of Bavaria (b. 1926)
• Albert II, King of the Belgians (b. 1934)
• Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (b. 1921)
• Antoine, Fürst von Ligne (b. 1925)
• Renaud, Vicomte de Chabot-Tramecourt (b. 1921)
• Albrecht, Fürst von Hohenberg (b. 1931)
• Karl, Duke of Württemberg (b. 1936)
• Vincenz, Prince von und zu Liechtenstein (b. 1950)
• Maria Emanuel, Markgraf von Meißen (b. 1926)
• Nikolaus, Prince von Lobkowicz (b. 1931)
• Johannes, Graf Hoyos-Sprinzenstein (b. 1923)
• Georg, Fürst von Waldburg zu Zeil und Trauchburg (b. 1928)
• Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein (b. 1945)
• Clemens, Prinz von Altenburg (b. 1932)
• Duarte Pio, Duke of Bragança (b. 1945)
• Josef Hubert, Graf von Neipperg (b. 1918)
• Georg, Herzog von Hohenberg (b. 1929)
• Fra Andrew Bertie, 78th Grand Master of the Order of Malta
• Karl Johannes, Fürst zu Schwarzenberg (b. 1937)
• Joseph, Archduke of Austria (b. 1960)
• Max, Fürst von Khevenhüller-Metsch (b. 1919)
• Aloys-Konstantin, Fürst zu Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg (b. 1941)
• Graf Czernin v. Chudenitz
• Heinrich, Fürst von Orsini und Rosenberg (b. 1925)
• Mariano Hugo, Fürst zu Windisch-Grätz (b. 1955)
• Olivier, comte d’Ormesson
• Johann Friedrich, Freiherren von Solemacher-Antweiler
• Nikola, baron Adamovich de Csepin
• Ernst, Count of Abensberg and Traun
• Christoph Cardinal Schönborn Archbishop of Vienna (b. 1945)
• Wulf Gordian, Baron of Hauser
• Alexander, Count of Pacxhta-Reyhofen
• Franz, Count of Czernin of Chudenitz

Otto, Crown Prince of Austria or Otto von Habsburg (born 20 November 1912 as Archduke Franz Joseph Otto Robert Maria Anton Karl Max Heinrich Sixtus Xaver Felix Renatus Ludwig Gaetan Pius Ignatius of Austria) is the current head of the Habsburg family and the eldest son of Karl of Austria... His Royal Highness the Duke of Bavaria Franz Bonaventura Adalbert Maria Herzog von Bayern (born July 14, 1933), styled as His Royal Highness The Duke of Bavaria, is head of the Wittelsbach family, the former ruling family of the Kingdom of Bavaria. ... Archduke Karl of Austria (Karl Thomas Robert Maria Franziskus Georg Bahnam von Habsburg-Lothringen) Prince Imperial of Austria, Prince Royal of Hungary and Bohemia, (born January 11, 1961 at Starnberg, Bavaria, Germany) is the son of Otto von Habsburg and Princess Regina of Saxe-Meiningen and the grandson of the... His Imperial and Royal Highness Prince Lorenz Otto Carl Amadeus Thadeus Maria Pius Andreas Marcus dAviano of Belgium, Duke of Este, Prince Imperial and Archduke of Austria-Este, Prince Royal of Hungary and Bohemia, was born on December 16, 1955 in Clinique du Belvédère, Boulogne-Billancourt, Hauts... Archduke Georg of Austria-Hungary (Paul Georg Maria Joseph Dominikus von Habsburg-Lorraine) Prince Imperial of Austria, Prince Royal of Hungary and Bohemia, (16 December 1964 - ) was born in Starnberg, the second son, and seventh and youngest child of Otto, Crown Prince of Austria and Princess Regina of Saxe-Meiningen. ... Albert II, King of the Belgians (Albert Félix Humbert Théodore Chrétien Eugène Marie), (born June 6, 1934), is the current King of the Belgians and a constitutional monarch. ... Jean I, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (Jean Benoit Guillaume Robert Antoine Louis Marie Adolphe Marc dAviano) (born January 5, 1921) ruled Luxembourg from 1964 to 2000. ... Carl, Duke of Württemberg (Carl Maria Peter Ferdinand Philipp Albrecht Joseph Michael Pius Konrad Robert Ulrich Herzog von Württemberg) (born 1 August 1936) is the current Head of the House of Württemberg. ... Maria Emanuel, Margrave of Meissen (born January 31, 1926) is the head of the Royal House of Saxony. ... Hans-Adam II (Johannes Hans Adam Ferdinand Alois Josef Maria Marko dAviano Pius; on official documents Hans Adam II von und zu Liechtenstein), styled HSH The Sovereign Prince of Liechtenstein, full title Fürst von und zu Liechtenstein, Herzog von Troppau und Jägerndorf, Graf zu Rietberg (born February... Duarte Pio of Bragança Duarte Pio of Bragança (born May 15, 1945), pron. ... Andrew Willoughby Ninian Bertie (born 15 May 1929) is the current Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller. ... The Knights Hospitaller (the or Knights of Malta or Knights of Rhodes) is a tradition which began as a Benedictine nursing Order founded in the 11th century based in the Holy Land, but soon became a militant Christian Chivalric Order under its own charter, and was charged with the care... Karel Schwarzenberg Karel Schwarzenberg (IPA: ) (born on December 10, 1937 in Prague, Czechoslovakia), full name Karl Johannes Nepomuk Josef Norbert Friedrich Antonius Wratislaw Mena von Schwarzenberg is a scion of the House of Schwarzenberg, former chancellor of Czech President Václav Havel and current senator and Minister of the Foreign... His Eminence Christoph Cardinal Schönborn, OP, Th. ...

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Order of the Golden Fleece

• List of Knights of the Golden Fleece

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... This page contains a list of Knights of the Order of the Golden Fleece. ...

Literature

• Weltliche und Geistliche Schatzkammer. Bildführer. Kunsthistorischen Museum, Vienna. 1987. ISBN 3-7017-0499-6

• Fillitz, Hermann. Die Schatzkammer in Wien: Symbole abendländischen Kaisertums. Vienna, 1986. ISBN 3-7017-0443-0

• Fillitz, Hermann. Der Schatz des Ordens vom Goldenen Vlies. Vienna, 1988. ISBN 3-7017-0541-0

External links and footnotes

• The Society of the golden fleece, an association of those interested in the Order

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. Encyclopædia Britannica, the eleventh edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...

1. ^ Spanish: [1] BOE 07-10-02, Spanish Official Journal (accessed on June 13, 2007)
2. ^ Spanish: [2] BOE 07-04-14, Spanish official journal (accessed on June 9, 2007)
3. ^ Spanish: [3] BOE 07-06-09, Spanish Official Journal (accessed on June 9, 2007)
4. ^ Spanish: [4] BOE 07-06-16, Spanish Official Journal (accessed on June 23, 2007)